Appendix:Uzbek Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Uzbek, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

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EnglishUzbek
oʻzbek tili
edit (207)
1I (1sg)men
2you (2sg)sen
3he, she, it (3sg)u
4we (1pl)biz
5you (2pl)siz, sizlar, senlar
6they (3pl)ular
7thisbu
8thatshu, o'sha
9herebu yerda, bu yoqda, bu yonda
10thereu yerda, u yoqda, u yonda
11whokim
12whatnima, na
13whereqayerda, qayda
14whenqachon
15howqalay, qanday, nechik
16notemas, yo'q
17allbarcha, hamma, butun, bari, borliq
18manykoʻp
19somebir necha, bir qancha, ba'zi, ayrim
20fewoz, kam, picha
21otherboshqa, o'zga
22onebir
23twoikki
24threeuch
25fourtoʻrt
26fivebesh
27bigkatta, buyuk, ulkan
28longuzun
29widekeng
30thickqalin, yo'g'on
31heavyogʻir
32smallkichkina, kichik
33shortqisqa
34narrowtor
35thiningichka, yupqa, nozik
36womanayol (Arabic), xotin, qiz
37man (adult male)erkak
38man (human being)kishi, odam, inson (Arabic)
39childbola, chaqa
40wifexotin, ayol, rafiqa
41husbander, kuyov
42motherona, aya, oyi
43fatherota, ada
44animalhayvon, jonivor
45fishbaliq
46birdqush
47dogit, kuchuk, ko'ppak
48lousebit
49snakeilon
50wormqurt
51treedaraxt, yogʻoch (wood)
52forestoʻrmon, toʻqay
53stickyogʻoch, tayoq
54fruitmeva
55seedurugʻ, tuxum
56leafyaproq, barg
57rootildiz, tomir
58bark (of a tree)qobiq, qobuq
59flowergul, chechak
60grassoʻt, oʻlan
61ropearqon, ip, bog'
62skinteri
63meatgoʻsht, et
64bloodqon
65bonesuyak
66fat (noun)yogʻ, moy
67eggtuxum, yumurtqa
68hornшох (shox), muguz, shox
69taildum, quyruq
70featherjun, tuk, pat
71hairsoch, qil, yol (of a horse)
72headbosh
73earquloq
74eyekoʻz
75noseburun
76mouthogʻiz
77toothtish
78tongue (organ)til
79fingernailtirnoq
80footoyoq
81legoyoq, put
82kneetizza
83handqoʻl
84wingqanot
85bellyqorin
86gutsichak
87neckboʻyin
88backorqa
89breastemchak
90heartyurak
91liverjigar
92to drinkichmoq
93to eatyemoq
94to bitetishlamoq
95to suckemmoq, soʻrmoq
96to spittuplamoq
97to vomitqusmoq
98to blowesmoq
99to breathenafas olmoq, dam chiqalmoq
100to laughkulmoq
101to seekoʻrmoq
102to heareshitmoq
103to knowbilmoq
104to thinkoʻylamoq
105to smellisqamoq (to sniff)
106to fearqoʻrqmoq
107to sleepuxlamoq
108to liveyashamoq
109to dieoʻlmoq
110to killoʻldirmoq
111to fighturushmoq (at home), qurashmoq (war)
112to huntovlamoq
113to hiturmoq
114to cutkesmoq
115to splityormoq
116to stabsanchmoq, tiqmoq
117to scratchtirnamoq
118to digqazimoq
119to swimsuzmoq
120to flyuchmoq
121to walkyurmoq, bormoq, kezmoq
122to comekelmoq
123to lie (as in a bed)yotmoq
124to sitoʻtirmoq
125to standturmoq
126to turn (intransitive)burmoq
127to falltushmoq, yiqilmoq
128to givebermoq
129to holdtutmoq
130to squeezesiqmoq, qismoq
131to rubishqalamoq, surtmoq (as cream)
132to washyuvmoq
133to wipeartmoq
134to pullchoʻzmoq, tortmoq
135to pushitarmoq, turtmoq
136to throwotmoq (stone), tashlamoq (dice)
137to tiebogʻlamoq
138to sewtikmoq
139to countsanamoq
140to sayaytmoq, demoq (to pronounce)
141to singashula aytmoq, kuylamoq
142to playoʻynamoq
143to floatsuzmoq
144to flowoqmoq
145to freezemuzlamoq, toʻngmoq
146to swellshishmoq
147sunquyosh, kun
148moonoy
149staryulduz
150watersuv
151rainyomgʻir
152riverdaryo
153lakekoʻl
154seadengiz
155salttuz
156stonetosh
157sandqum
158dustchang
159earthtuproq
160cloudbulut
161fogtuman
162skykoʻk, osmon (Persian)
163windyel
164snowqor
165icemuz
166smoketutun
167fireolov, oʻt
168ashkul
169to burnyonmoq
170roadyoʻl
171mountaintogʻ
172redqizil
173greenyashil
174yellowsariq
175whiteoq
176blackqora, siyoh
177nighttun, kecha (evening)
178daykun
179yearyil
180warmiliq
181coldsovuq
182fulltoʻq, toʻla
183newyangi
184oldeski, qari
185goodyaxshi
186badyomon
187rottenchirik
188dirtykir
189straighttoʻgʻri, tik (adv.)
190rounddumaloq, yumaloq (sphere)
191sharp (as a knife)oʻtkir
192dull (as a knife)oʻtmas
193smoothtekis, silliq
194wethoʻl, nam
195dryquruq, qurgʻoq
196correcttoʻgʻri
197nearyaqin
198faruzoq, olis (distant)
199rightoʻng
200leftchap
201at-da
202in-da
203withbilan
204andva
205ifagar
206becausechunki
207nameism, nom, ot
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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