This is a Swadesh list of words in Kashubian English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Kashubiankaszëbsczi edit (207) 1 I (1sg )jô 2 you (2sg )të wë 3 he , she , it (3sg )òn òna òno 4 we (1pl )ma më 5 you (2pl )wa wë 6 they (3pl )òni òne 7 this ten ta to 8 that tamten tamta tamto 9 here tu tuwò 10 there tam tamo tã 11 who chto 12 what acz aż co 13 where dze gdze 14 when czedë ga 15 how jak 16 not ni nie nié 17 all wszedno wszëtkò 18 many wiele 19 some czile 20 few mało 21 other drëdżi jinszy jiny 22 one jeden 23 two dwa 24 three trzë 25 four sztërë sztërzë 26 five piãc pińc 27 big wialdżi wieldżi wiôldżi 28 long dłudżi 29 wide szeroczi 30 thick grëbi 31 heavy cãżczi 32 small môłi 33 short krótczi 34 narrow wąsczi 35 thin cenczi 36 woman białka 37 man (adult male)chłop 38 man (human being)człowiek 39 child dzeckò 40 wife białka slëbnô 41 husband chłop slëbny 42 mother mac mata matka mëma môta 43 father fader fater foder fôder òjc 44 animal zwierzã 45 fish rëba 46 bird ptôch 47 dog pies 48 louse kuka wesz wsza 49 snake wąż 50 worm robôk 51 tree drzewò 52 forest las 53 stick czij 54 fruit brzôd 55 seed semiã 56 leaf lëst 57 root kòrzéń 58 bark (of a tree)kóra 59 flower kwiat 60 grass trôwa 61 rope lina sznur 62 skin skóra 63 meat miãso 64 blood krew 65 bone gnôt kòsc 66 fat (noun)sadło sëté tłuszcz 67 egg jaje jajkò jajo 68 horn róg 69 tail ògón péda 70 feather pióro 71 hair włosë 72 head głowa 73 ear ùchò 74 eye òkò 75 nose nos 76 mouth gãba 77 tooth ząb 78 tongue (organ)jãzëk 79 fingernail nokc paznokc 80 foot stopa 81 leg noga 82 knee kòlano 83 hand rãka 84 wing skrzidło 85 belly brzëch żót 86 guts flaczi 87 neck szëja 88 back plecë 89 breast piers 90 heart serce 91 liver wątroba 92 to drink pic 93 to eat jesc 94 to bite grëzc 95 to suck cëcac susac 96 to spit plwac 97 to vomit blékac òdwracac wònôtowac wracac 98 to blow dic wiôc 99 to breathe dëchac òddëchac 100 to laugh smiôc 101 to see widzec 102 to hear czëc 103 to know wiedzec 104 to think dëdac mëslëc 105 to smell cknąc 106 to fear bòjec 107 to sleep spac 108 to live żëc 109 to die ùmierac 110 to kill zabijac 111 to fight biôtkòwac 112 to hunt jachtowac 113 to hit ùderzëc 114 to cut cąc cyc rznąc sekac 115 to split rozdzelac rozparłãczac 116 to stab kolnąc pchnąc seknąc 117 to scratch drapac skrobac 118 to dig kòpac rëc 119 to swim płëwac 120 to fly latac 121 to walk chòdzëc jic 122 to come przëchadac przëchòdzëc 123 to lie (as in a bed) leżec 124 to sit sedzec 125 to stand stojec 126 to turn (intransitive) òbracac 127 to fall padac 128 to give dôwac 129 to hold trzëmac 130 to squeeze scëskac 131 to rub trzéc 132 to wash mëc 133 to wipe wëcerac 134 to pull cëgnąc cygnąc 135 to push pchac 136 to throw cëskac 137 to tie rzeszëc 138 to sew szëc 139 to count lëczëc rechòwac 140 to say gadac gôdac 141 to sing spiéwac 142 to play grac 143 to float płëwac 144 to flow cec płënąc 145 to freeze miarznąc 146 to swell pùchnąc 147 sun słóńce słuńce 148 moon miesąc miesądz miesidz ksãżëc 149 star gwiôzda 150 water wòda 151 rain deszcz 152 river rzéka 153 lake jezero jezoro 154 sea mòrze 155 salt sól 156 stone kam 157 sand piôsk 158 dust pich 159 earth zemia 160 cloud blón blóna chmùra òbłok 161 fog dôka 162 sky niebò 163 wind wiater 164 snow sniég 165 ice lód 166 smoke dim 167 fire òdżin 168 ash pòpiół 169 to burn palëc 170 road darga droga 171 mountain góra 172 red czerwiony czerwòny czerzwiony 173 green zelony 174 yellow żôłti 175 white biôłi 176 black czôrny 177 night noc 178 day dzéń 179 year rok 180 warm cepłi 181 cold zëmny 182 full fùl liki pełny pôłny 183 new nowi 184 old stari stôri 185 good dobri 186 bad lëchi złi 187 rotten zgniti 188 dirty brëdny nielùsy 189 straight prosti 190 round òkrãgłi 191 sharp (as a knife)òstri 192 dull (as a knife)tãpi 193 smooth głôdczi równy 194 wet mòkri 195 dry sëchi 196 correct dobri pòprôwny 197 near blëżny blisczi krótczi 198 far daleczi 199 right prawi 200 left lewi 201 at kòl kòle pòl pòle przë 202 in w we 203 with s se z ze 204 and ë ji 205 if ażle ażlë ëżle jeżle żle żelë 206 because bò kò 207 name miono
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