| No.
|
English
|
Proto-Afroasiatic
|
| 1
|
I
|
*ʔân-/*ʔîn-, *ân-/*în-, *i, *yi
|
| 2
|
you (singular)
|
*ʔânt-/*ʔînt-, *ânt-/*înt-, *ki, *ku, *ka
|
| 3
|
he, she, it
|
*si, *isi
|
| 4
|
we
|
*ʔǎnn-/*ʔǐnn-, *ǎnn-/*ǐnn-
|
| 5
|
you (plural)
|
*kuuna
|
| 6
|
they
|
*su, *usu
|
| 7
|
this
|
*kaa, *ha, *h-
|
| 8
|
that
|
*ha, *h-
|
| 9
|
here
|
*-d- (*ada ?), *-ts- (*ts-, *âts-)
|
| 10
|
there
|
*-d- (*ada ?), *-ts- (*ts-, *âts-)
|
| 11
|
who
|
*ma, *mi, *wa-/*wi-
|
| 12
|
what
|
*ma, *mi, *wa-/*wi-
|
| 13
|
where
|
|
| 14
|
when
|
|
| 15
|
how
|
|
| 16
|
not
|
*-kǎḥ-, *-gʷǎb-, *-ma-, *ba
|
| 17
|
all
|
*-kal-/*-kul-
|
| 18
|
many
|
*ɬâg-
|
| 19
|
some
|
|
| 20
|
few
|
*-nikʷ-
|
| 21
|
other
|
*hāl-/*hīl-
|
| 22
|
one
|
|
| 23
|
two
|
*ɬâm-, *tsan-, *can-, *tsîr(n)-, *cîr(n)-
|
| 24
|
three
|
*xaynz-
|
| 25
|
four
|
*fâzw-
|
| 26
|
five
|
|
| 27
|
big
|
*-gâd-/*-gûd-, *ʔǎw-
|
| 28
|
long
|
*t’eer-, *ʔǎw-, *tl’-̌z-
|
| 29
|
wide
|
*-p’oh-
|
| 30
|
thick
|
*-ʕatl’-
|
| 31
|
heavy
|
*-ʕis-
|
| 32
|
small
|
*-gʷîts-, *jûl-, *xiš-
|
| 33
|
short
|
*xiš- (low)
|
| 34
|
narrow
|
*šuuk’-, *šuukʷ’-
|
| 35
|
thin
|
*-kʷ’-, *kʷ’an-
|
| 36
|
woman
|
*xʷ-
|
| 37
|
man (adult male)
|
|
| 38
|
man (human being)
|
*ʔîns-, *ʕid-, *nim-, *nam-
|
| 39
|
child
|
*jiʔ-, *dziʔ-
|
| 40
|
wife
|
|
| 41
|
husband
|
|
| 42
|
mother
|
|
| 43
|
father
|
|
| 44
|
animal
|
*ɬǒʔ- (cattle)
|
| 45
|
fish
|
|
| 46
|
bird
|
|
| 47
|
dog
|
|
| 48
|
louse
|
|
| 49
|
snake
|
|
| 50
|
worm
|
|
| 51
|
tree
|
*ɣǎ
|
| 52
|
forest
|
*gâr-
|
| 53
|
stick
|
|
| 54
|
fruit
|
*tsim-/*tsam-
|
| 55
|
seed
|
*b-j(r)-, *tsim-/*tsam-
|
| 56
|
leaf
|
|
| 57
|
root
|
*sǎr-/*sǐr-
|
| 58
|
bark (of a tree)
|
|
| 59
|
flower
|
|
| 60
|
grass
|
*ɬaʔ-, *ɬaaʔ-
|
| 61
|
rope
|
|
| 62
|
skin
|
*k’ōoŋ-, *ɣah-, *biš-, *bǔɬ-
|
| 63
|
meat
|
*ʔâayš-
|
| 64
|
blood
|
*dîm-/*dâm-
|
| 65
|
bone
|
*k’os-
|
| 66
|
fat (noun)
|
|
| 67
|
egg
|
*kʷ’ânḥ-
|
| 68
|
horn
|
|
| 69
|
tail
|
|
| 70
|
feather
|
|
| 71
|
hair
|
*ɬ-ʔr-, *ɬ-rʔ-, *dab(n)-, *tsuun-, *cuun-, *t’îḥ-
|
| 72
|
head
|
|
| 73
|
ear
|
*-ʔânxʷ-
|
| 74
|
eye
|
*ʔǐl-
|
| 75
|
nose
|
|
| 76
|
mouth
|
*âf-
|
| 77
|
tooth
|
|
| 78
|
tongue (organ)
|
|
| 79
|
fingernail
|
*c’irf-, *c’ifr-
|
| 80
|
foot
|
*rǐiz-
|
| 81
|
leg
|
*-ʔaš-
|
| 82
|
knee
|
|
| 83
|
hand
|
|
| 84
|
wing
|
*kanf-/*kinf-
|
| 85
|
belly
|
*cîl-
|
| 86
|
guts
|
|
| 87
|
neck
|
*ʔâl-
|
| 88
|
back
|
*sâr-
|
| 89
|
breast
|
*wiz-, *bôf-, *bôp-
|
| 90
|
heart
|
*līb-
|
| 91
|
liver
|
*tǐr-
|
| 92
|
to drink
|
*-s’aʔ-, *-kitḥ-
|
| 93
|
to eat
|
*-mǎaʕ-, *-iit-
|
| 94
|
to bite
|
*-ɬikʷ-
|
| 95
|
to suck
|
*-nuuk’-
|
| 96
|
to spit
|
*-tuf-
|
| 97
|
to vomit
|
|
| 98
|
to blow
|
*-tl’iiʕ-, *-ʔûuf-
|
| 99
|
to breathe
|
*-xʷin-, *-xʷan-, *-xʷiŋ-, *-xʷaŋ-
|
| 100
|
to laugh
|
|
| 101
|
to see
|
*-ʔîl-/*-ʔal-, *-ʕaaf-
|
| 102
|
to hear
|
|
| 103
|
to know
|
*-ʔâr-
|
| 104
|
to think
|
|
| 105
|
to smell
|
*-tsoon-, *-coon-, *-fîʔ/*-fâʔ-
|
| 106
|
to fear
|
*-ɲer-, *-dzac-
|
| 107
|
to sleep
|
*-wis-
|
| 108
|
to live
|
*-ɬâf-
|
| 109
|
to die
|
*-yaʕ-, *-maaw-
|
| 110
|
to kill
|
*-guʕ-, *-guuʕ-, *-jaʕ-, *-dzaʕ-
|
| 111
|
to fight
|
|
| 112
|
to hunt
|
|
| 113
|
to hit
|
*-tl’ip-/*-tl’up-, *-boɣ-, *-muɣʷ-, *-xaf-, *-ɣan-/*-ɣun-, *-ɣaŋ-/*-ɣuŋ-
|
| 114
|
to cut
|
*-wâḥ-, *-ŋiɬ-, *-k’ât’-, *-sar-
|
| 115
|
to split
|
*-p’ak’-/*-p’ik’-, *-ɣʷǎp-, *-ɣʷâap-, *-tl’aw-/*-tray-
|
| 116
|
to stab
|
|
| 117
|
to scratch
|
*-ḥetl’-/*-ḥotl’-, *-šul-/*-šuul-, *-naʔ-/*-naaʔ-
|
| 118
|
to dig
|
*-ḥôz-, *-c’aḥ-
|
| 119
|
to swim
|
|
| 120
|
to fly
|
*-pîr-
|
| 121
|
to walk
|
*-r-d-, *-dzaʔ-, *-daw-, *-sǎk-/*-sǔk-
|
| 122
|
to come
|
*-yâʔ-, *-im-
|
| 123
|
to lie (as in a bed)
|
*-ɣʷîn-, *-dĕeḥ-/*-dǒoḥ-, *-zîn-
|
| 124
|
to sit
|
*-lîb-, *-lîib-, *-baʕ-, *-gǐr-
|
| 125
|
to stand
|
*-wīitl’
|
| 126
|
to turn (intransitive)
|
*-zâkʷ-, *-gʷar-, *-kʷatl’-, *-kʷaatl’-, *-xʷâar-, *-wir-
|
| 127
|
to fall
|
*-hu-, *-huu-
|
| 128
|
to give
|
|
| 129
|
to hold
|
*-ḥâb-/*-ḥûb-, , *-bêr-, *-kam-, *-ʔaz-
|
| 130
|
to squeeze
|
*-dleek’-
|
| 131
|
to rub
|
*-tl’ook‘-, *-hip’-, *-ɲuuk’-, *-xâj-, *-s’uuɣ-, *-s’uuɣʷ’
|
| 132
|
to wash
|
|
| 133
|
to wipe
|
|
| 134
|
to pull
|
*-jool-, *-sîl-
|
| 135
|
to push
|
*-dlôkʷ’-
|
| 136
|
to throw
|
*-dzik’-/*-dzak’-
|
| 137
|
to tie
|
*-c’uf-/*-c’if-
|
| 138
|
to sew
|
*-rip-
|
| 139
|
to count
|
|
| 140
|
to say
|
*-yo-
|
| 141
|
to sing
|
*-hes’-
|
| 142
|
to play
|
|
| 143
|
to float
|
*-xas-
|
| 144
|
to flow
|
*-wadl-, *-s’aw-, *-dac-
|
| 145
|
to freeze
|
|
| 146
|
to swell
|
*-yǔf-, *-dlaḥ-, *-box-
|
| 147
|
sun
|
|
| 148
|
moon
|
*-ɬêeh-
|
| 149
|
star
|
|
| 150
|
water
|
*âm-, *akʷ’-
|
| 151
|
rain
|
|
| 152
|
river
|
|
| 153
|
lake
|
|
| 154
|
sea
|
|
| 155
|
salt
|
*dzixʷ-
|
| 156
|
stone
|
|
| 157
|
sand
|
*haas’-
|
| 158
|
dust
|
|
| 159
|
earth
|
*tĕr-/*tǒr-, *šâp-
|
| 160
|
cloud
|
*ʕarf-, *dumn-
|
| 161
|
fog
|
|
| 162
|
sky
|
*-ʕir-
|
| 163
|
wind
|
|
| 164
|
snow
|
|
| 165
|
ice
|
|
| 166
|
smoke
|
|
| 167
|
fire
|
*-ʔâakʷ-, *-ŋîiwr-
|
| 168
|
ash
|
|
| 169
|
to burn
|
*-s’âʕ-/*-s’îʕ-, *-lib-/*-lab-, *-âaɬ-
|
| 170
|
road
|
*-ɣʷaax- (path)
|
| 171
|
mountain
|
|
| 172
|
red
|
|
| 173
|
green
|
|
| 174
|
yellow
|
*k’âɲ-
|
| 175
|
white
|
|
| 176
|
black
|
*c’ilm-/*c’alm-
|
| 177
|
night
|
|
| 178
|
day
|
|
| 179
|
year
|
|
| 180
|
warm
|
*-tâ-, *-ɣʷây-/*-ɣʷîy-
|
| 181
|
cold
|
*k’âb-
|
| 182
|
full
|
|
| 183
|
new
|
|
| 184
|
old
|
*-gêrʕ-
|
| 185
|
good
|
*-šeŋ-
|
| 186
|
bad
|
*-ʕadz-
|
| 187
|
rotten
|
|
| 188
|
dirty
|
*-t’ur-
|
| 189
|
straight
|
|
| 190
|
round
|
|
| 191
|
sharp (as a knife)
|
|
| 192
|
dull (as a knife)
|
|
| 193
|
smooth
|
|
| 194
|
wet
|
*-māʔ-/*-mīʔ-, *-m- (*-mǎ- ?), *-kʷ’-, *-t’ôɣ-, *-t’ôɣʷ-
|
| 195
|
dry
|
*-ɣâl-/*-ɣûl-
|
| 196
|
correct
|
*lǒ
|
| 197
|
near
|
|
| 198
|
far
|
|
| 199
|
right
|
|
| 200
|
left
|
|
| 201
|
at
|
*la
|
| 202
|
in
|
*ar-
|
| 203
|
with
|
*nê(e)/*nê/*nêe
|
| 204
|
and
|
|
| 205
|
if
|
|
| 206
|
because
|
|
| 207
|
name
|
*sǔm-/*sǐm-
|