This is a Swadesh list of words in Spanish English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Spanishespañol edit (207) 1 I (1sg )yo 2 you (2sg )tú vos usted formal 3 he , she , it (3sg )él ella 4 we (1pl )nosotros nosotras 5 you (2pl )vosotros vosotras ustedes 6 they (3pl )ellos ellas 7 this este 8 that ese aquel 9 here aquí acá 10 there ahí 11 who quién 12 what qué 13 where dónde 14 when cuándo 15 how cómo 16 not no 17 all todo 18 many mucho 19 some alguno 20 few poco 21 other otro 22 one uno 23 two dos 24 three tres 25 four cuatro 26 five cinco 27 big grande 28 long largo 29 wide ancho 30 thick grueso 31 heavy pesado 32 small pequeño 33 short corto 34 narrow estrecho angosto 35 thin delgado flaco 36 woman mujer 37 man (adult male)varón 38 man (human being)hombre 39 child niño 40 wife esposa mujer 41 husband esposo marido 42 mother madre 43 father padre 44 animal animal 45 fish pez pescado 46 bird pájaro 47 dog perro 48 louse piojo 49 snake serpiente víbora culebra 50 worm gusano 51 tree árbol 52 forest bosque 53 stick palo 54 fruit fruta 55 seed semilla 56 leaf hoja 57 root raíz 58 bark (of a tree)corteza 59 flower flor 60 grass hierba grama 61 rope cuerda 62 skin piel 63 meat carne 64 blood sangre 65 bone hueso 66 fat (noun)grasa 67 egg huevo 68 horn cuerno 69 tail cola 70 feather pluma 71 hair pelo cabello 72 head cabeza 73 ear oreja 74 eye ojo 75 nose nariz 76 mouth boca 77 tooth diente 78 tongue (organ)lengua 79 fingernail uña 80 foot pie 81 leg pierna 82 knee rodilla 83 hand mano 84 wing ala 85 belly barriga vientre 86 guts tripas 87 neck cuello 88 back espalda 89 breast pecho 90 heart corazón 91 liver hígado 92 to drink beber 93 to eat comer 94 to bite morder 95 to suck chupar 96 to spit escupir 97 to vomit vomitar 98 to blow soplar 99 to breathe respirar 100 to laugh reír 101 to see ver 102 to hear oír 103 to know saber 104 to think pensar 105 to smell oler 106 to fear temer 107 to sleep dormir 108 to live vivir 109 to die morir 110 to kill matar 111 to fight pelear 112 to hunt cazar 113 to hit golpear 114 to cut cortar 115 to split partir 116 to stab apuñalar 117 to scratch arañar rascar 118 to dig cavar excavar 119 to swim nadar 120 to fly volar 121 to walk caminar 122 to come venir 123 to lie (as in a bed) echarse action yacer estar en el suelo state 124 to sit sentarse estar sentado state 125 to stand levantarse estar de pie 126 to turn (intransitive) girar dar una vuelta 127 to fall caer 128 to give dar 129 to hold tener 130 to squeeze apretar 131 to rub frotar 132 to wash lavar 133 to wipe limpiar 134 to pull tirar de jalar halar 135 to push empujar 136 to throw tirar arrojar 137 to tie atar 138 to sew coser 139 to count contar 140 to say decir 141 to sing cantar 142 to play jugar 143 to float flotar 144 to flow fluir 145 to freeze congelarse helar 146 to swell hincharse 147 sun sol 148 moon luna 149 star estrella 150 water agua 151 rain lluvia 152 river río 153 lake lago 154 sea mar 155 salt sal 156 stone piedra 157 sand arena 158 dust polvo 159 earth tierra 160 cloud nube 161 fog niebla 162 sky cielo 163 wind viento 164 snow nieve 165 ice hielo 166 smoke humo 167 fire fuego 168 ash cenizas 169 to burn quemar 170 road camino 171 mountain montaña 172 red rojo 173 green verde 174 yellow amarillo 175 white blanco 176 black negro 177 night noche 178 day día 179 year año 180 warm caliente cálido 181 cold frío 182 full lleno 183 new nuevo 184 old viejo 185 good bueno 186 bad malo 187 rotten podrido 188 dirty sucio 189 straight recto 190 round redondo 191 sharp (as a knife)agudo afilado 192 dull (as a knife)sin filo desafilado embotado romo 193 smooth liso 194 wet mojado 195 dry seco 196 correct correcto 197 near cerca 198 far lejos 199 right derecha 200 left izquierda 201 at en a 202 in en 203 with con 204 and y e 205 if si 206 because porque 207 name nombre
Dictionnaire de poche français-espagnol / espagnol-français, Hachette & Vox, Paris 2005 - →ISBN
Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - →ISBN
Swadesh lists
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Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
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