Appendix:Elamite Swadesh list
This is a Swadesh list of words in Elamite, compared with definitions in English.
Presentation
[edit]- For further information, read the article: Swadesh list
The Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist w:Morris Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language. Various versions have been created, in particular:
- a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
- a reduced 100 words version.
This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikivoyage lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetics basis.
List
[edit]Editorial note: Because cuneiform permits both logographic and syllabic writings, some Elamite words are written only logographically using the logograms used in Sumerian cuneiform; these can be distinguished in the Swadesh list by being in all capitals as is the usual convention for cuneiform logograms.
No. | English | Elamite |
---|---|---|
1 | I | u, hu |
2 | you (singular) | ni, nu |
3 | he, she, it | e |
4 | we | ni-ka |
5 | you (plural) | nu-mi |
6 | they | ap |
7 | this | hu, hi |
8 | that | ak-ka |
9 | here | a-ha, i-ma |
10 | there | ah |
11 | who | ak-qa |
12 | what | appa |
13 | where | mur |
14 | when | sap, an-ka |
15 | how | anka |
16 | not | in-na |
17 | all | ku-ti-na, mar-be-ip |
18 | many | ir-še-ik-ki |
19 | some | aš-ki |
20 | few | harikki |
21 | other | daae |
22 | one | ki-ir |
23 | two | ma-ir |
24 | three | zí-ti |
25 | four | |
26 | five | tu-ku |
27 | big | ir-šá-na |
28 | long | me-lu-uk |
29 | wide | šadanika |
30 | thick | |
31 | heavy | ab-ba-ra, |
32 | small | harikki |
33 | short | |
34 | narrow | |
35 | thin | zik-ki |
36 | woman | zana (lady) |
37 | man (adult male) | ru-h, RUH.MEŠ |
38 | man (human being) | ruh, LU.lg |
39 | child | tur, hh. ma-ul-li |
40 | wife | ir-ti |
41 | husband | |
42 | mother | am-ma |
43 | father | at-ta, ad-da |
44 | animal | kun, ku-un |
45 | fish | |
46 | bird | MUŠEN |
47 | dog | UR.lg |
48 | louse | |
49 | snake | ši-in |
50 | worm | *krmi- |
51 | tree | NGIŠ.hu.sa |
52 | forest | hu-sa |
53 | stick | ngiš |
54 | fruit | bu-ur |
55 | seed | zišša |
56 | leaf | |
57 | root | |
58 | bark (of a tree) | |
59 | flower | mi-ik-ki |
60 | grass | NGIŠ.IN.lg |
61 | rope | šama |
62 | skin | ha-tin, KUŠ.MEŠ |
63 | meat | i-iš-ti |
64 | blood | sa-an |
65 | bone | |
66 | fat (noun) | NGIŠ.Ì.lg, ap-pi |
67 | egg | |
68 | horn | qa-as-su |
69 | tail | |
70 | feather | putmaš, pu-ut-ma-áš |
71 | hair | še- |
72 | head | uk-ku |
73 | ear | si-ri |
74 | eye | el-ti |
75 | nose | *šim- |
76 | mouth | |
77 | tooth | si-h-ha |
78 | tongue (organ) | ti-ut |
79 | fingernail | pu-ur |
80 | foot | ba-at, pa-at |
81 | leg | |
82 | knee | |
83 | hand | ŠU.MEŠ, kir-pi (hands) |
84 | wing | |
85 | belly | |
86 | guts | |
87 | neck | ti-pi |
88 | back | |
89 | breast | GABA.lg |
90 | heart | bu-ni |
91 | liver | ru-el-pa-mín |
92 | to drink | si-kaš-da |
93 | to eat | mak-, te-ri-qa |
94 | to bite | |
95 | to suck | |
96 | to spit | |
97 | to vomit | |
98 | to blow | ba-ki-iš |
99 | to breathe | zu-ür-zu-ür |
100 | to laugh | |
101 | to see | siya- |
102 | to hear | hap |
103 | to know | tur- |
104 | to think | el-ma |
105 | to smell | |
106 | to fear | ip-ši |
107 | to sleep | |
108 | to live | ka-tu |
109 | to die | *halb- |
110 | to kill | halba- |
111 | to fight | bet |
112 | to hunt | |
113 | to hit | ga-az- |
114 | to cut | massi |
115 | to split | |
116 | to stab | |
117 | to scratch | |
118 | to dig | at-tu |
119 | to swim | |
120 | to fly | |
121 | to walk | izza- |
122 | to come | ši-in-nu |
123 | to lie (as in a bed) | |
124 | to sit | mur- |
125 | to stand | |
126 | to turn (intransitive) | |
127 | to fall | |
128 | to give | *tun- |
129 | to hold | marri |
130 | to squeeze | |
131 | to rub | |
132 | to wash | |
133 | to wipe | |
134 | to pull | sa-, sa-h |
135 | to push | |
136 | to throw | |
137 | to tie | rabba |
138 | to sew | |
139 | to count | tiri |
140 | to say | tu-ru, na- |
141 | to sing | |
142 | to play | |
143 | to float | |
144 | to flow | |
145 | to freeze | |
146 | to swell | |
147 | sun | na-hu-te |
148 | moon | itud |
149 | star | MUL.lg |
150 | water | zul, A.MEŠ |
151 | rain | te-ip |
152 | river | da, A.MEŠ |
153 | lake | |
154 | sea | KAM.MESH |
155 | salt | anzi, an-zí |
156 | stone | h.har.lg, HAR.MEŠ |
157 | sand | |
158 | dust | su-uk-ma |
159 | earth | mu-ru-un |
160 | cloud | |
161 | fog | |
162 | sky | ki-ik |
163 | wind | IM.lg |
164 | snow | |
165 | ice | |
166 | smoke | |
167 | fire | li-im, li-mi-in |
168 | ash | |
169 | to burn | li-im-ma |
170 | road | KASKAL.MEŠ |
171 | mountain | el-pi |
172 | red | |
173 | green | hu-la-ap-na |
174 | yellow | hh.šá-ir-nu-ya |
175 | white | ši-mi-ut |
176 | black | |
177 | night | šu-ut-me |
178 | day | na-an |
179 | year | bel |
180 | warm | |
181 | cold | |
182 | full | man-da-qa, pu- |
183 | new | piš |
184 | old | qa-ra, ru-ru |
185 | good | ba-ha, ma-ri-ya |
186 | bad | muš-nu-ik |
187 | rotten | |
188 | dirty | |
189 | straight | iš-tur-rák-qa |
190 | round | ir-pi |
191 | sharp (as a knife) | |
192 | dull (as a knife) | |
193 | smooth | |
194 | wet | |
195 | dry | *zit, zí-ti-qa |
196 | correct | išturraka |
197 | near | kanna |
198 | far | šá-da-ni-qa |
199 | right | šutur |
200 | left | |
201 | at | hate, ŠÀ |
202 | in | ma- |
203 | with | hidaka |
204 | and | ak-ka |
205 | if | an-ka |
206 | because | appa, ap-pa |
207 | name | hi-iš |
See also
[edit]Bibliography
[edit]- Elamisches Woerterbuch, Walter Hinz and Heidemarie Koch, 1987
Further reading
[edit]- Václav Blažek. 2015. Elamite dictionary. In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The Intercontinental Dictionary Series. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.