Isoviet Union
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,isifinyezo se-USSR kwaye ikwimo eshunquliweyo yeSoviet Union, yayililizwe elimanyeneyo elanabela phakathi kweMpuma Yurophu noMntla Asia, elasekwa ngowama-30 kuDisemba 1922 eluthuthwini loBukhosi baseRashiya . Yayibunjwe ziiriphabliki zobusoshiyali ezili-15, eyona inkulu kuzo yayiyiRashiya, yona ngokwayo eyayahlulwe yaba ziiriphabliki ezimanyeneyo ezizimeleyo.
Umgama phakathi kokugqithiswa kwayo empuma nasentshona kwakungaphezu kweekhilomitha 10 000 (ngaphezu kwama-90 degrees longitude ); eyona ndawo isentshona yayiyiOblast yaseKaliningrad, kumda wePoland, kwaye eyona ndawo isempuma yayiyiCape Dezhnev kwiBering Strait, eyahlulahlula kwilizwekazi laseMntla Melika malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80.Ngokukodwa, esinye seziqithi zayo kwi-Strait, iGrande Diomede, ikumgama weekhilomitha iThemplethi:M kuphela.iThemplethi:M ukusuka eLittle Diomede, engowaseUnited States of America : lo ngowona mgama umfutshane phakathi kwamagunya amabini omkhosi ngelo xesha.
Yayilelona lizwe likhulu ehlabathini eline 22 402 000 km² yommandla womphezulu, elilingana nesinye kwisithandathu somhlaba oveleyo, kunye nelona lizwe likhulu e-Asiya naseYurophu, kwindawo nganye yolawulo lwelizwekazi. [1]
Emva koloyiso oluphunyeziweyo ngokuchasene namagunya e-Axis kwiMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi yaba ligunya lezoqoqosho nelasemkhosini, likwazile ukunyanzelisa inkqubo yalo yezopolitiko nezentlalo nangaphandle kwemida yelizwe, ngakumbi eMpuma Yurophu .Ingquzulwano yayo neWestern Bloc eyayikhokelwa yi -United States of America, elinye igunya elikhulu elathi lavela ngelo xesha, lakhokelela kwiMfazwe Yomlomo, eyaphela ngokusesikweni ngokuchithwa kweSoviet Union . I- Russian Federation yathatha i-USSR ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1990 kwiBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye ne- G8, kwaye ithathe inxalenye enkulu yomkhosi weSoviet kunye ne-geopolitical legacy.
Uluhlu lweeriphabliki ezibumba umanyano lwaye lwaba nokwahluka okuninzi ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kwiminyaka eyandulela ukupheliswa kwayo, iiriphabliki ezilishumi elinesihlanu zaziyinxalenye yayo. Elona likhulu ngokubhekiselele kummandla, uqoqosho kunye nabemi kunye nelona libalulekileyo kwinqanaba lezopolitiko yiRashiya . Ummandla weSoviet Union waphinda wenza utshintsho olwahlukeneyo kwaye kwelona xesha lamva nje lihambelana nelo lasekupheleni koBukhosi baseRussia, kodwa ngaphandle kweAlaska, iFinland nePoland .
Umbutho wezopolitiko welizwe wawuquka ulawulo lweqela elinye, elilawulwa yiQela lamaKomanisi laseSoviet Union, elalilawula izixhobo zeSoviets, iindibano kuwo omabini amanqanaba engingqi nesizwe ezazimele abasebenzi kwiipaseji zamandla karhulumente. Lo mbutho ubukhokelwa nguNobhala Jikelele, onxibelelana nenkokeli ephambili ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo yangaphandle neyasekhaya.