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Mujaddid

Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
Imom Shofe’iy va Ahmad ibn Hanbal mujaddid deb e’tirof etilgan mazhab asoschilaridir. [1][2]
Islom haqidagi tushunchalarning bir qismi
Usul al-Fiqh
Fiqh
Ahkom
Yuridik lavozimlar va unvonlar

Mujaddid (arab. مجدد) – islom diniga oid atama boʻlib, dinga “yangilanish” (tajdid) olib keluvchi kishini anglatadi [3][4]. Islom ta’limotiga koʻra, har hijriy asrning boshida islomni qayta tiklash, uni yot unsurlardan tozalash va uning sof aqidasini tiklash vazifasiga kirishgan shaxs mujaddid deyiladi. Hozirgi zamonda mujaddid deganda zamonaning eng buyuk musulmoni tushuniladi [5] .

“Mujaddid” tushunchasi Abu Dovud Abu Hurayra (r.a.)dan rivoyat qilgan hadisda uchraydi [6] :

“Alloh taolo har yuz yilning boshida sizlarning diningizni yangilab beradigan bir mujaddid (dinni yangilovchi) yuboradi”

— (Sunani Abu Dovud, 37-kitob: Kitob al-Malohim, 4278-hadis) [7]


Mujaddid soʻzi borasida muhaddislar orasida ixtilof mavjud. Zahabiy va Ibn Hajar al-Asqaloniy kabi olimlar mujaddid atamasini ko‘plik ma’nosida ham anglash mumkin, deb talqin qilganlar va shu tariqa bir guruh odamlarni nazarda tutganlar [8][9].

Mujaddidlar qatoriga taniqli olimlar, taqvodor hukmdorlar va harbiy sarkardalar kirishi mumkin [4] .

Ahli sunnaga koʻra mujaddidlar roʻyxati

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Salohiddin Ayyubiy, Amir Temur, Shohrux Mirzo, Mehmet II, Salim I, Sulaymon, Avrangzeb va Tipu Sulton kabi hukmdorlar siyosiy islomdagi rollari uchun mujaddid sifatida e’tirof etiladilar (Salohiddin, Usmoniy sultonlardan Salim I va Sulaymon I “Ikki masjid qo'riqchisi” unvonini olganlar)[10][11][12][13][14].

Birinchi asr (nubuvvat davridan keyin, 718-yil 3-avgust)

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Ikkinchi asr (815-yil 10-avgust)

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Uchinchi asr (912-yil 17-avgust)

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  • Muhammad al-Buxoriy (810-870)[18]
  • Abu al-Hasan al-Ash’ariy (874-936)[17][21]

Toʻrtinchi asr (1009-yil 24-avgust)

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  • Hokim an-Naysoburiy (933-1012)[18]
  • Abu Bakr al-Boqilloniy (950-1013)[16][22]

Beshinchi asr (1106-yil 1-sentyabr)

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Oltinchi asr (1203-yil 9-sentyabr)

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  • Salohiddin Ayyubiy (1137-1193)[12]
  • Ibn Qudoma (1147-1223)[30]
  • Muhammad bin Baxtiyor Xaljiy (1148-1206)[31][32]
  • Faxriddin ar-Roziy (1149-1210)[33]

Yettinchi asr (1300-yil 5-sentyabr)

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  • Ibn Daqiq al-Iyd (1228-1302)[34]
  • Ibn Qayyim al-Javziya (1292-1350)[23]

Sakizinchi asr (1397-yil 23-sentyabr)

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  • Sirojiddin al-Bulqiniy (1324-1403)[35]
  • Amir Temur (1336-1405)[36]
  • Ibn Hajar al-Asqaloniy (1372-1448)[37]

Toʻqqizinchi asr (1494-yil 1-oktyabr)

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  • Shohrux (1377-1447)[14]
  • Mehmet II (1432-1481)[12]
  • Jaloliddin as-Suyutiy (1445-1505)[15][38]

Oʻninchi asr (1591-yil 19-oktyabr)

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  • Salim I (1470-1520)[39]
  • Sulaymon Qonuniy (1494-1566)[40]
  • Ahmad Sirhindiy (1564-1624)[21][41]

Oʻn birinchi asr (1688-yil 26-oktyabr)

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  • Xayriddin ar-Ramliy (1585-1671)[15]
  • Mahyiddin Avrangzeb Olamgir (1618-1707)[42]
  • Abdulloh ibn Alaviy al-Haddod (1634-1720)[43]

Oʻn ikkinchi asr (1785-yil 4-noyabr)

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  • Shoh Valiyulloh Dehlaviy (1703-1762)[42]
  • Murtazo az-Zabidiy (1732-1790)[38]
  • Shoh Abdulaziz Dehlaviy (1745-1823)[44]
  • Tipu Sulton (1750-1799)[45]
  • Fazli-Haq Xayrobodiy (1796-1861)[46]

Oʻn uchinchi asr (1882-yil 14-noyabr)

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  • Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905)[19]

Oʻn toʻrtinchi asr (1979-yil 21-noyabr)

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  • Ashraf Ali Tahonaviy (1863-1943)[51]
  • Abdurahmon as-Sa’diy (1889-1957)[52]
  • Murobit al-Haj (1913 - 2018)[53]
  • Muhammad Alaviy al-Molikiy (1944-2004)[54][55]


Manbalar

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  1. ↑ Waliullah, Shah. Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa. p. 77, part 7.. 
  2. ↑ Mohammed M. I. Ghaly, "Writings on Disability in Islam: The 16th Century Polemic on Ibn Fahd's 'al-Nukat al-Ziraf'", The Arab Studies Journal, Vol. 13/14, No. 2/1 (Fall 2005/Spring 2006), p. 26, note 98. 
  3. ↑ Faruqi, Burhan Ahmad. The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid, 16 August 2010 — 7-bet. ISBN 9781446164020. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 31-dekabr. 
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press, 2006 — 678-bet. ISBN 9780415966900. 
  5. ↑ „Mujaddid – Oxford Islamic Studies Online“ (en). www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 3-sentyabr.
  6. ↑ Neal Robinson (2013), Islam: A Concise Introduction, Routledge, ISBN 978-0878402243, Chapter 7, pp. 85–89
  7. ↑ Andoza:Hadith-usc
  8. ↑ Fath al-Baari (13/295)
  9. ↑ Taareekh al-Islam (23/180)
  10. ↑ Jackson, Roy. Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State. Routledge, 2010. ISBN 9781136950360. 
  11. ↑ B. N. Pande. Aurangzeb and Tipu Sultan: Evaluation of Their Religious Policies. University of Michigan, 1996. ISBN 9788185220383. 
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Advocate of Dialogue: Fethullah Gulen by Ali Unal and Alphonse Williams, 10 June 2000; ISBN 978-0970437013
  13. ↑ Akgunduz, Ahmed; Ozturk, Said. Ottoman History - Misperceptions and Truths (en). IUR Press, 2011 — 14-bet. ISBN 978-90-90-26108-9. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 28-dekabr. 
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought, p. 172. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4051-7848-8
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 „Mujaddid Ulema“. Living Islam.
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 16,3 Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906.
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 Waines, David. An Introduction to Islam. Cambridge University Press, 2003 — 210-bet. ISBN 0521539064. 
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 Waliullah, Shah. Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa — 77, part 7-bet. 
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 Nieuwenhuijze, C.A.O.van. Paradise Lost: Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East, 1997 — 24-bet. ISBN 90-04-10672-3. 
  20. ↑ Mohammed M. I. Ghaly, "Writings on Disability in Islam: The 16th Century Polemic on Ibn Fahd's "al-Nukat al-Ziraf"," The Arab Studies Journal, Vol. 13/14, No. 2/1 (Fall 2005/Spring 2006), p. 26, note 98
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906
  22. ↑ Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj: Volume 1 — 403-bet. 
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 The Legal Thought of Jalāl Al-Din Al-Suyūṭī: Authority and Legacy, Page 133 Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez
  24. ↑ „Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth century Hujjat al-Islam“. The Pen (2011-yil 1-fevral).
  25. ↑ Jane I. Smith, Islam in America, p 36. ISBN 0231519990
  26. ↑ Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566
  27. ↑ Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421
  28. ↑ Reese, Scott S. (2001). "The Best of Guides: Sufi Poetry and Alternate Discourses of Reform in Early Twentieth-Century Somalia". Journal of African Cultural Studies 14 (1 Islamic Religious Poetry in Africa): 49–68. doi:10.1080/136968101750333969. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181395. 
  29. ↑ Majmu al-Fatawa, Volume 10, Page 455
  30. ↑ „Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani - SunnahOnline.com“. sunnahonline.com. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 12-yanvar.
  31. ↑ Sufi Movements in Eastern India – Page 194
  32. ↑ The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pp. 227–228
  33. ↑ „al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149–1209)“. Muslim Philosophy.
  34. ↑ Muhsin J. al-Musawi. Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters, The: Arabic Knowledge Construction. University of Notre Dame Press, Chapter 6 'Disputation in Rhetoric' citation #28, 15 April 2015. ISBN 978-0268020446.  ISBN 978-0268020446
  35. ↑ Muhsin J. al-Musawi. Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters, The: Arabic Knowledge Construction. University of Notre Dame Press, Chapter 6 'Disputation in Rhetoric' citation #28, 15 April 2015. ISBN 978-0268020446.  ISBN 978-0268020446
  36. ↑ Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought, p. 214. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4051-7848-8
  37. ↑ „Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani“. Hanafi.co.uk. 2004-yil 2-sentyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
  38. ↑ 38,0 38,1 Azra, Azyumardi. The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series. University of Hawaii Press, 2004 — 18-bet. ISBN 9780824828486. 
  39. ↑ Akgunduz, Ahmed; Ozturk, Said. Ottoman History – Misperceptions and Truths (en). IUR Press, 2011 — 14-bet. ISBN 978-90-90-26108-9. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 28-dekabr. 
  40. ↑ Transactions of the Royal Historical Society: Volume 12: Sixth Series By Royal Historical Society
  41. ↑ Glasse, Cyril. The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press, 1997 — 432-bet. ISBN 90-04-10672-3. 
  42. ↑ 42,0 42,1 Kunju, Saifudheen (2012). Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi: Thoughts and Contributions. p. 1. https://www.academia.edu/592790. Qaraldi: 5 April 2015. Mujaddid]]
  43. ↑ „A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad“. Iqra Islamic Publications. 2011-yil 27-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
  44. ↑ „Gyarwee Sharif“. al-mukhtar books. 2012-yil 26-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
  45. ↑ Muslims and India's freedom movement, Shan Muhammad, Institute of Objective Studies (New Delhi, India), Institute of Objective Studies and the University of Michigan, 2002; ISBN 9788185220581
  46. ↑ Anil Sehgal. Ali Sardar Jafri. Bharatiya Jnanpith, 2001 — 213–-bet. ISBN 978-81-263-0671-8. 
  47. ↑ „Shaikhul-Hind Mahmood Hasan: symbol of freedom struggle“ (2016-yil 12-fevral). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 3-may.
  48. ↑ Adrawi Asir. Hazrat Shaykh al-Hind: Hayāt awr kārnāme (ur). Shaykhul Hind Academy — 304–305-bet. 
  49. ↑ M.Sıddık Gümüş. Islam's Reformers. Hakikat Kitabevi, 1 March 2014. 
  50. ↑ Dr.Muhammad Masood Ahmad. The Reformer Of The Muslim World. Al-Mukhtar Publications, 1995. 
  51. ↑ Mian, Ali Altaf (2015). "Surviving Modernity: Ashraf 'Ali Thanvi (1863–1943) and the Making of Muslim Orthodoxy in Colonial India" (en). Duke University. https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/9815. 
  52. ↑ Smith, Van Mitchell (September 1974). "History of West Africa, Vol. 2". History: Reviews of New Books 2 (10): 251. doi:10.1080/03612759.1974.9946605. ISSN 0361-2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1974.9946605. 
  53. ↑ Rüdiger Seesemann (2010). "Sufism in West Africa". Religion Compass (Blackwell Publishing Ltd) 4 (10): 606–614. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241.x. https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241.x. 
  54. ↑ „next mujaddid- Syekh Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki, Benteng Sunni Abad ke-21“ (id). Republika (Indonesian newspaper) (2015-yil 2-mart). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 8-iyun.
  55. ↑ Jalali „Correct Understanding of the Mawlid – 1 | TAQWA.sg | Tariqatu-l Arusiyyatu-l Qadiriyyah Worldwide Association (Singapore) - Shari'a, Tariqa, Ma'rifa, and Haqiqa“ (en-GB). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 8-iyun.

Qoʻshimcha adabiyotlar

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  • Alvi, Sajida S. "Hindiston yarimorolidagi mujaddid va tajdid an’analari: tarixiy sharh" ("Hindistan'da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Turkshunoslik jurnali 18 (1994): 1–15.
  • Fridman, Yohanan. Shayx Ahmad Sirhindiy: Tafakkurining qisqacha mazmuni va siymosining avlodlar nigohida tadqiqi . Oksford Hindiston Qogʻoz kitoblari

Havolalar

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