କୋଷ

ସୁନ୍ଯଷ୍ଟୀୟକ (ବାମ) ଏବଂ ପ୍ରାକ୍-ନ୍ଯଷ୍ଟୀୟକ (ଡାହାଣ)

କୋଷ ସମସ୍ତ ଜୀବଶରୀରର ଗାଠନିକ ଓ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଭିତ୍ତିକ ଏକକ ।^[୧] କୋଷ ହିଁ ଜୀବନର କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ରତମ ଏକକ । କୋଷର ପଠନକୁ କୋଷ-ଜୀବବିଜ୍ଞାନ, କୋଷୀୟ ଜୀବବିଜ୍ଞାନ ବା କୋଷଶାସ୍ତ୍ର କୁହାଯାଏ ।

କୋଷ, କୋଷଜୀବକ, ଏହାର କୋଷାଙ୍ଗ ଏବଂ ଏହାକୁ ଆବରଣ କରିଥିବା କୋଷଝିଲ୍ଲୀକୁ ନେଇ ଗଠିତ । କୋଷାଙ୍ଗଗୁଡ଼ିକ କୋଷଜୀବକରେ ଭାସମାନ ଅବସ୍ଥାରେ ରହିଥାଏ ।^[୨] ଏହାଛଡ଼ା କୋଷଜୀବକରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଜୈବାଣୁ ଓ ଅଜୈବାଣୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଥାଆନ୍ତି ଯାହା ମେଟାବୋଲିଜିମରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିଥାନ୍ତି ।

ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଜୀବକୋଷର ଆକାର ୧ରୁ ୧୦୦ ମାଇକ୍ରୋମିଟର ମଧ୍ଯରେ ରହୁଥିବାରୁ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କେବଳ ଅଣୁବୀକ୍ଷଣ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ସାହାଯ୍ୟରେ ଦେଖି ହୁଅନ୍ତି ।^[୩] କୋଷର ସଂଖ୍ଯାନୁୁଯାୟୀ ଜୀବମାନଙ୍କୁ (ଗୋଟିଏ କୋଷ ଥିବା) ଏକକୋଷୀ ଜୀବ ଏବଂ (ଏକାଧିକ କୋଷ ଥିବା) ବହୁକୋଷୀ ଜୀବ ଏହିଭଳି ଦୁଇ ଭାଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି ।^[୪] ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଏକକୋଷୀ ଜୀବମାନଙ୍କୁ ଅଣୁଜୀବ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ ।

ପ୍ରାଣୀ ଓ ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ ମଧ୍ଯରେ କୋଷ ସଂଖ୍ଯା ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ଥାଏ । ଅନୁମାନ କରାଯାଇଛି ଯେ ମନୁଷ୍ଯ ଶରୀରରେ ପାଖାପାଖି ୪୦ ପଦ୍ମ ବା ୪ ସାଗର (୪×୧୦^୧୩) ସଂଖ୍ଯକ କୋଷ ରହିଛି ।^[୫]^[୬]

୧୬୬୫ ମସିହାରେ ରବର୍ଟ ହୁକ କୋଷର ଆବିଷ୍କାର କରିଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ଏଗୁଡିକୁ ସେ ସେଲ ବୋଲି ନାମିତ କରିଥିଲେ ।^[୭]^[୮]

ଆଧାର

↑ "Cell". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
↑ Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body in Chapter 21 of Molecular Biology of the Cell fourth edition, edited by Bruce Alberts (2002) published by Garland Science. The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos. It is also common to describe small molecules such as amino acids as "molecular building blocks".
↑ Campbell NA, Williamson B, Heyden RJ (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132508827
↑ This article incorporates public domain material from the NCBI document: 30 March 2004
↑ An approximation made for someone who is 30 years old, weighs 70 kilograms (150 lb), and is 172 centimetres (5.64 ft) tall. The approximation is not exact, this study estimated that the number of cells was 3.72±0.81×10¹³.
↑ [5] Bianconi E, Piovesan A, Facchin F, Beraudi A, Casadei R, Frabetti F, et al. (November 2013). "An estimation of the number of cells in the human body". Annals of Human Biology. 40 (6): 463–71. doi:10.3109/03014460.2013.807878. PMID 23829164. S2CID 16247166. These partial data correspond to a total number of 3.72±0.81×1013 [cells].
↑ Karp G (19 October 2009). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. John Wiley & Sons. p. 2. ISBN 9780470483374. Hooke called the pores cells because they reminded him of the cells inhabited by monks living in a monastery.
↑ Tero AC (1990). Achiever's Biology. Allied Publishers. p. 36. ISBN 9788184243697. In 1665, an Englishman, Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of" cork under a simple microscope. (A simple microscope is a microscope with only one biconvex lens, rather like a magnifying glass). He saw many small box like structures. These reminded him of small rooms called "cells" in which Christian monks lived and meditated.

ଏହି ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗଟି ଅସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଟେ । ଆପଣ ଏହାକୁ ସଂପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରି ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆକୁ ସମୃଦ୍ଧ କରିପାରିବେ ।

[1] "Cell". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 31 December 2012.

[2] Cell Movements and the Shaping of the Vertebrate Body in Chapter 21 of Molecular Biology of the Cell fourth edition, edited by Bruce Alberts (2002) published by Garland Science. The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos. It is also common to describe small molecules such as amino acids as "molecular building blocks".

[3] Campbell NA, Williamson B, Heyden RJ (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780132508827

[4] This article incorporates public domain material from the NCBI document: 30 March 2004

[5] An approximation made for someone who is 30 years old, weighs 70 kilograms (150 lb), and is 172 centimetres (5.64 ft) tall. The approximation is not exact, this study estimated that the number of cells was 3.72±0.81×10¹³.

[6] [5] Bianconi E, Piovesan A, Facchin F, Beraudi A, Casadei R, Frabetti F, et al. (November 2013). "An estimation of the number of cells in the human body". Annals of Human Biology. 40 (6): 463–71. doi:10.3109/03014460.2013.807878. PMID 23829164. S2CID 16247166. These partial data correspond to a total number of 3.72±0.81×1013 [cells].

[7] Karp G (19 October 2009). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. John Wiley & Sons. p. 2. ISBN 9780470483374. Hooke called the pores cells because they reminded him of the cells inhabited by monks living in a monastery.

[8] Tero AC (1990). Achiever's Biology. Allied Publishers. p. 36. ISBN 9788184243697. In 1665, an Englishman, Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of" cork under a simple microscope. (A simple microscope is a microscope with only one biconvex lens, rather like a magnifying glass). He saw many small box like structures. These reminded him of small rooms called "cells" in which Christian monks lived and meditated.

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