English
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editContraction of and.
Conjunction
edit'n
- Nonstandard spelling of 'n'.
- fish 'n chips
- rock 'n roll
- 1927, Arthur D[ouglas] Howden Smith, “The Ferryman”, in Commodore Vanderbilt: An Epic of American Achievement, New York, N.Y.: Robert M[edill] McBride & Company, section III, pages 50–51:
- “Might think we was brother 'n sister, to hear ye, Ma! Damn me to glory, don't ye know thar's fust cousins marryin' every week? And no harm come of it.” […] “Oh, son, not in the face of Pa 'n me that love you, whatever you think! We're only tryin' to figger for your own good.”
Etymology 2
editConjunction
edit'n
- Contraction of than.
- 1865, Mark Twain, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County:
- The feller took the box again, and took another long, particular look, and give it back to Smiley, and says, very deliberate, "Well, I don't see no p'ints about that frog that's any better'n any other frog."
- 1969, Anne Warner, Susan Clegg and her friend Mrs. Lathrop, page 87:
- She says you may laugh 'f you feel so inclined, but there ain't no such big difference between your leg 'n' a dead rat but what it 'll pay you to mark her words. She says 'f it don't do no more 'n eat the skin off it 'll still be pretty hard for you to lay there without no skin 'n' feel the plaster goin' in more 'n' more.
- 2010, Arnan Heyden, Daughters of Agendale, page 228:
- What I can give ya is this bit o' knowledge: there be things in this world that no one can explain. There are things bigger 'n mountains, bigger 'n oceans, bigger 'n fields an' night skies filled with stars, bigger 'n kings, or queens…
Etymology 3
editConjunction
edit'n
Etymology 4
editNoun
edit'n (plural 'ns)
- (colloquial) Alternative form of 'un (“one, a thing”)
- 2009, Mariella Glenn Hartsfield, Tall Betsy and Dunce Baby: South Georgia Folktales, page 104:
- The other said, "Alright, I'm gonna do it like this: you take this'n, I'll take that'n; you take this'n, I'll take that'n; […]
- 2012, Liza Cody, Musclebound, page 15:
- Which really did turn into a headache when I woke up — a bad'n.
Afrikaans
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editArticle
edit'n (indefinite)
Usage notes
edit- This word is not capitalized at the beginning of a sentence and the following word is capitalized instead.
Asturian
editPreposition
edit'n
Usage notes
editWhile this contraction still reflects the elision that often occurs in en when it is between a word ending in a vowel and a word beginning in a consonant, this spelling was dropped by the Academy of the Asturian Language in 1990. Thus, the normative spelling of the above example is now Toi viviendo en Cangues.
See also
editBavarian
editEtymology 1
editMerged unstressed form of an and en or den.
Article
edit'n m
See also
editm | n | f | pl | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
definite | nominative | der, da | — | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
accusative | en, den | 'n | |||||||
dative | em, dem | 'm | em, dem | 'm | der, da | — | |||
genitive1 | des | des | der, da | der, da | |||||
indefinite | nominative | a | — | a | — | a | — | ||
accusative | an | 'n | |||||||
dative | am | 'm | am | 'm | a, ana | 'na |
Etymology 2
editUnstressed form of eam.
Pronoun
edit'n
See also
editnominative | accusative | dative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |
Catalan
editPronoun
edit'n
- Contraction of ne.
Usage notes
edit- 'n is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with a vowel.
Declension
editDutch
editPronunciation
editArticle
edit'n
- Contraction of een.
Notes
editIf 'n begins a sentence, the first letter of the following word is capitalised instead.
Franco-Provençal
editDeterminer
edit'n
German
editAlternative forms
edit- n (nonstandard)
Pronunciation
editEtymology 1
editContraction of ein. Like virtually all traditional German dialects, colloquial standard German distinguishes the indefinite article from the numeral for "one". The specific form 'n has spread from the North southward and is thus of chiefly Low German origin. Most High German dialects use forms without the final -n, such as [ə] or [a], at least for the basic form (i.e. the masculine and neuter nominative). These pronunciations are sometimes heard in colloquial standard German as well, but 'n is clearly the commonest form.
Article
edit'n
- (colloquial) Alternative form of ein (“a, an”)
- (colloquial) Alternative form of einen (“a, an”)
Declension
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
editContraction of denn.
Adverb
edit'n
- (colloquial) short for denn (used for general emphasis)
- Wann wärst'n hier?
- So, when would you be here?
Italian
editEtymology 1
editPreposition
edit'n
- (literary) Alternative form of in
- (colloquial) Pronunciation spelling of in.
Etymology 2
editArticle
edit'n m
Numeral
edit'n m
Etymology 3
editAdverb
edit'n
Ligurian
editEtymology
editApheresis of un (“a, an”, article).
Pronunciation
editArticle
editLow German
editArticle
edit'n
- Contraction of den.
Pronoun
edit'n
- Contraction of en.
North Frisian
editPronoun
edit'n
- (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) Reduced form of ham (“him”)
- (Sylt) Reduced form of höm (“him”)
See also
editpersonal | possessive | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
subject case | object case | masculine referent | feminine / neuter referent | plural referent | |||||
full | reduced | full | reduced | attributive | independent | ||||
singular | 1st | ik | 'k | mi | man | min | minen | ||
2nd | dü | – | di | dan | din | dinen | |||
3rd m. | hi | 'r | ham | 'n | san | sin | sinen | ||
3rd f. / n. | hat | at, 't | at, 't | ||||||
plural | 1st | wi | 'f | üs | üüs | üüsen | |||
üsens | |||||||||
2nd | jam | 'm | jam | jau | jauen | ||||
jamens | |||||||||
3rd | jo | 's | jo | 's | hör | hören | |||
hörens | |||||||||
notes | The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents. The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation. |
personal | possessive | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
subject case | object case | masculine referent |
feminine / neuter / plural referent | ||||||
full | reduced | full | reduced | ||||||
singular | 1st | ik | 'k | me | man | min | |||
2nd | dü | – | de | dan | din | ||||
3rd m. | hi | 'r | ham | 'n | san | sin | |||
3rd f. | jü | 's | har | 's | harn | har | |||
3rd n. | hat | et, 't | ham | et, 't | san | sin | |||
plural | 1st | we | üs | üüsen | üüs | ||||
2nd | jam | 'm | jam | jarnge | |||||
3rd | ja | 's | ja, jam | 's | jare | ||||
notes | The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / unk and jat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring. |
personal | possessive | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
subject case | object case | singular referent |
plural referent | ||||||
full | reduced | full | reduced | attributive | independent | ||||
singular | 1st | ik | 'k | mi | min | minen | |||
2nd | dü | – | di | din | dinen | ||||
3rd m. | hi | 'r | höm | 'n | sin | sinen | |||
3rd f. | jü | 's | höör | 's | höör | höören | |||
3rd n. | hat | et, 't | höm | et, 't | sin | sinen | |||
dual | 1st | wat | unk | unken | |||||
2nd | at | junk | junken | ||||||
3rd | jat | jam | 's | jaar | jaaren | ||||
plural | 1st | wü | üüs | üüsen | |||||
2nd | i | juu | juuen | ||||||
3rd | ja | 's | jam | 's | jaar | jaaren | |||
notes | The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents. |
Sicilian
editEtymology
editApheresis of in, from Latin in.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
edit'n
Welsh
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editParticle
edit'n
- Alternative form of yn (used after a vowel).
- Mae hi'n darllen. ― She is reading.
- Mae hi'n gysglyd. ― She is sleepy.
- Mae hi'n ferch. ― She is a girl.
Etymology 2
editDeterminer
edit'n (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
- our (used after vowels).
- Dyna'n harian ni.
- That's our money.
Pronoun
edit'n (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
- us (as the direct object of a verbal noun or verb)
- Mae e yma i'n harfarnu.
- He's here to appraise us.
- Fe'n magwyd yng ngefn gwlad.
- We were brought up (lit. One brought us up) in the countryside.
Usage notes
edit- In formal Welsh, the contraction 'n is a valid form of ein found after mostly functional vowel-final words. In colloquial Welsh, ein is often contracted to 'n after almost any vowel-final word.
- Pronomial 'n (and ein) can occur before any verbal noun. Before verbal, pronomial 'n is found only in formal language after certain vowel-final preverbal particles, such as fe, a, ni, na, oni and pe.
Further reading
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “'n”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Zealandic
editEtymology
editAn unstressed variety of eên.
Determiner
edit'n
- a (indefinite article)
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English contractions
- English lemmas
- English conjunctions
- English words without vowels
- English nonstandard forms
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with archaic senses
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English colloquialisms
- English clitics
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation
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- Afrikaans articles
- Asturian lemmas
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- Bavarian articles
- Bavarian pronouns
- Bavarian personal pronouns
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Catalan contractions
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Dutch lemmas
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- Franco-Provençal clippings
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- Föhr-Amrum North Frisian
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- Zealandic lemmas
- Zealandic determiners