l'
Asturian
editEtymology 1
editContraction of the masculine article el.
Article
editl' m
- (definite) the
Usage notes
edit- The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h: l'asturianu (the Asturian), l'hermanu (the brother)
Related terms
editEtymology 2
editContraction of the feminine article la.
Article
editl' f
- (definite) the
Usage notes
edit- The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha: l'asturiana (the Asturian), l'habitación (the habitation)
Related terms
editCatalan
editPronunciation
editArticle
editl' m or f
Usage notes
edit- el is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-.
- l'avi ― the grandfather
- la is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-, except before a following unstressed (h)i- or (h)u-.
- l'àvia ― the grandmother
- l'hora ― the hour
- l'única filla (stressed ⟨u⟩) ― the only daughter
- la ullada (unstressed ⟨u⟩) ― the glance
Pronoun
editl'
Usage notes
edit- l' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel. The exceptions regarding the contraction of la mentioned above apply as well.
- L'envejo. ― I envy him/her.
- La interessa. (unstressed ⟨i⟩) ― It interests her.
Declension
editCorsican
editArticle
editl'
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: the
Pronoun
editl'
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: him
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: her
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: them
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: them
See also
editReferences
editEsperanto
editPronunciation
editArticle
editl' (definite)
Usage notes
editIt is used mainly in poetry and lyrics as a tool for enforcing a specific meter or rhythm, although it may at times be used in prose for a poetic stylistic effect.
A space is used after l' (e.g. "de l' mondo", not "de l'mondo"). It is most common after prepositions ending in a vowel, de l' (“of the”) being most common by far.
When possible it is pronounced at the end of the proceeding syllable rather than at the start of the following syllable (e.g. de l' animo (“of the soul”) is pronounced /del aˈni.mo/ rather than /de laˈni.mo/).
Frequent or consistent use of l' can be found as a feature of the ideolects of some people, but this is considered non-standard, and is discouraged by the majority of fluent speakers.
Derived terms
editFranco-Provençal
editDeterminer
editl' m or f
Pronoun
editl' m or f
French
editPronunciation
editArticle
editl’ m or f (singular, definite)
- (before a vowel or mute h) Apocopic form of le, la: the
- (Quebec, Louisiana, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: the
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé (lyrics and music), “La Manifestation”, in Break Syndical:
- À la manifestation, / on rêvait d’révolution / se gelant l’cul avec une poignée de comparses / sous la pluie froide du mois d’mars
- At the demonstration, / we dreamed o' revolution / freezing da asses off with a handful of cronies / in the cold rain of March
Pronoun
editl’ m or f (third-person singular)
- (before a vowel or mute h) Apocopic form of le, la: him, her, it
- (Quebec, Louisiana, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: him, it
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé, Marie-Annick Lépine (lyrics and music), “Toune d'automne”, in Break Syndical:
- Icitte y’a papa qui se r’met / fe sa p’tite opération / t’aurais du l’voir, y fakait / fallait l’traiter aux p’tits oignons
- Here's Dad recoverin' / doin' his lil operation / you shoulda seen him, he was doin' it / you hadda treat him like a pro
Related terms
editNumber | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
Further reading
edit- “l'”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian
editFriulian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il l' |
i |
feminine | la l' |
lis |
Article
editl' m or f (definite)
Haitian Creole
editEtymology
editContration of li, from French lui.
Pronoun
editl'
Ido
editArticle
editl'
Italian
editItalian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
Pronunciation
editArticle
editl' m or f (apocopated) (definite)
Pronoun
editl' m or f (apocopated)
Usage notes
edit- Optionally elides before a vowel, especially before ho and ha: l'ho, l'ha. Elision before other verbs beginning with a stressed vowel is less common: lo era instead of l'era, lo è instead of l'è.
See also
editNumber | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Ladin
editArticle
editl' f (singular)
See also
editLeonese
editEtymology 1
editContraction of the masculine article el.
Article
editl' m sg
Usage notes
edit- The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h.
Etymology 2
editContraction of the feminine article la.
Article
editl' f sg
Usage notes
edit- The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha.
Ligurian
editArticle
editl' m sg (definite)
- (before a vowel) the (+ a masculine name in the singular)
Middle French
editArticle
editl'
Usage notes
edit- Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- lame ― the soul
Neapolitan
editEtymology
editParticle
editl' m and f (singular and plural definite)
Old French
editArticle
editl'
Usage notes
edit- Original manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- lame ― the soul
Romagnol
editAlternative forms
edit- e' before a consonant
Article
editl' m (before a vowel)
Sassarese
editPronunciation
editArticle
editl'
Sassarese definite articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | lu/l' | li/l' |
feminine | la/l' |
Pronoun
editl'
Usage notes
edit- Used before a vowel sound.
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian articles
- Asturian apocopic forms
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan articles
- Catalan contractions
- Catalan terms with usage examples
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Corsican lemmas
- Corsican articles
- Corsican apocopic forms
- Corsican pronouns
- Corsican personal pronouns
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto articles
- Esperanto poetic terms
- Esperanto apocopic forms
- Franco-Provençal non-lemma forms
- Franco-Provençal determiner forms
- Franco-Provençal clippings
- Franco-Provençal pronoun forms
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French articles
- French apocopic forms
- Quebec French
- Louisiana French
- French colloquialisms
- French terms with quotations
- French non-lemma forms
- French pronoun forms
- French personal pronouns
- Friulian lemmas
- Friulian articles
- Friulian apocopic forms
- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole pronouns
- Haitian Creole contractions
- Ido lemmas
- Ido articles
- Ido apocopic forms
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian article forms
- Italian apocopic forms
- Italian pronoun forms
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin articles
- Ladin apocopic forms
- Leonese lemmas
- Leonese articles
- Leonese apocopic forms
- Ligurian lemmas
- Ligurian articles
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French articles
- Middle French terms with usage examples
- Neapolitan terms inherited from Latin
- Neapolitan terms derived from Latin
- Neapolitan lemmas
- Neapolitan articles
- Neapolitan apocopic forms
- Old French lemmas
- Old French articles
- Old French apocopic forms
- Old French terms with usage examples
- Romagnol lemmas
- Romagnol articles
- Sassarese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sassarese lemmas
- Sassarese articles
- Sassarese apocopic forms
- Sassarese pronouns