Mutauro
Mutauro (ku Chingezi: language) kana rurimi hunhu wevanhu unoita vakwanise kutaurirana, uye mutauro unorevawo muenzaniso wezvinoitika. Ruzivo rwakadzama nezvemitauro runonzi ururimi (linguistics). Nyanzvi dzemitauro dzinonzi vanagodobori.
Pane kufungidzirwa kwehuwandu nezvemitauro pasirose yakasiyana-siyana pakati pe5000 ne7000. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti pakati pemakumi mashanu kubva muzana yemitauro kuchange kuchina zvekuti pakupera kwegore 2100 inenge yaparara.
Mitauro iri kushanduka nekufamba kuri kuita nguva, nemunhoroondo yekushanduka inogona kuvakiridzwa nekuenzaniso nemitauro yemazuva ano. Mitauro inotaurwa nevanhu vakabva kumadzitateguru ane madzinza akafanana vanotaura mhuri ye mitauro yakafanana.
Marudzi anonyanyotaurwa anosanganisira mitauro yeChiindo-Yuropu (neChirungu neChispanishi), mitauro yeChisino-Tibheti (neChimandarini, Chikandonisi), mitauro yeChiafurika-Ezhiya (neChiarabhu, Chiamhari, Chisomari, neChihebheru), nemitauro yeChibantu (neChiswahiri, Chizulu, Chishona).
Tsananguro ye mutauro
chinjirudzaMashoko aripazasi ndiwo anoshandiswa kutsanangura zvemaumbirwo omutauro.
| Chishona | Chirungu |
|---|---|
| Mutauronyina | dialect |
| bumbiro remabhi | alphabet |
| (chi)dudzirachiito | adverb |
| chiitirwa | object |
| chiito | verb |
| chirevo | sentence, clause |
| chisazita | pronoun |
| chivakamberi | suffix |
| chivakashure | prefix |
| donzo rechiito | mood |
| donzo rechishuwo | subjunctive mood |
| hwidzazwi | high tone |
| izwi rokutapa | loan word |
| izwifanana, fananadudziro | synonym |
| kwarakabva (izwi) | etymology |
| maumbirwo (omutauro) | grammar, structure of the language |
| muiti | subject |
| ndevohuru | main clause |
| nguva (yechiitiko) | tense |
| nguva ichangopfuura | recent past tense |
| nguva ichauya | future tense |
| nyaudzira, vara | syllable |
| rudzi | word class |
| ushoma | singular |
| uwanda, uzhinji | plural |
| varamai, nzvanyira | consonant |
| varamwana, nzvovera | vowel |
| zita | noun |
Umbamutauro
chinjirudzaTarisafuti Umbamutauro
Constructed language kana Conlang mutauro une ruambainzwi (phonology), maumbirwo, uye mazwi, pachinzvimbo chekukudziridza zvakasikwa, zvine hungwaru zvakaumbwa kana kugadzirwa sebasa rekunyepedzera. Mitauro yakaumbwa inogona zvakare kutaurwa semitauro yekunyepedzera, mitauro yakarongwa kana mitauro yakaumbwa[1] uye mune dzimwe nguva, mitauro yekunyepedzera.
Mitauro yeBantu
chinjirudza- VaGanda vanoti olulimi (language) kureva rurimi. VaKongo vanoti ndinga (language) kureva mutauro.
- VaBukusu vanoti chiindomo (languages, dialects) kureva mutauro kana muyambonyina.
- VaNgala vanoti lokota (language) kureva mutauro. VaShambala vanoti mbuli (n. language).
- VaGanda vanoti bigambo (language) kureva mutauro. VaIkizu vanoti ikigambu (n. speech; language).
- Lugha (n. language). SOkuti Atlas ya lugha za Tanzania (Atlas of the languages of Tanzania.
Mabviro eruzivo
chinjirudza- ↑ "Ishtar for Belgium to Belgrade". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 19 May 2013.