Bahasa Fula
| Bahasa Fula | |
|---|---|
| فولا - 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 - 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 - 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 Pular - Pulaar - Fulfulde - Fula | |
| Dipakay bak | Jolma Fula |
| Jumlah Panutur | 37 juta |
| Wilayah | Sahil |
| Kaluwarga Basa | Niger-Kongo • Atlantik-Kongo • Bahasa Fula |
| Huruf | Aksara Adlam Alfabet Latin Arab Ajami |
| Status | |
| Resmi di |  Burkina Faso Mali
|
| Diatur bak | |
| Status Basa | Lokok tipakay |
| Kode Basa | |
| ISO 639-1 | ff |
| ISO 639-2 | ful |
Basa Fula joda da salah osay basa say dituturko Jolma Fula di Afrika Topi rik Afrika Tongah, basa hasa titulis makay Aksara Adlam.[1][2]
Cuntuh Tulisan
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]𞤋𞤲𞥆𞤢𞤥𞤢 𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤬 𞤨𞤮𞤼𞤭, 𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤥𞤯𞤭𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤶𞤭𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤮 𞤦𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤺𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭. 𞤉𞤩𞤫 𞤽𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭 𞤥𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤭𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫𞤼𞤫 𞤫𞤩𞤫 𞤨𞤮𞤼𞤭 𞤸𞤵𞥅𞤬𞤮 𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤲𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤩 𞤭𞤴𞤽𞤵𞤴𞤵𞤥𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤵
"Innama aadeeji fof poti, ndimɗidi e jibinannde to bannge hakkeeji. Eɓe ngoodi miijo e hakkilantaagal ete eɓe poti huufo ndirde e nder ɓ iynguyummaagu."
Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.
inːama aːdeːɟi fof poti, ⁿdimɗidi e ɟibinanⁿde to banᵑge hakːeːɟi. eɓe ᵑgoːdi miːɟo e hakːilantaːgal ete eɓe poti huːfo ⁿdirde e ⁿder ɓ ijᵑgujumːaːgu.
Huruf
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Alfabet Latin Fula
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]a, aa, b, mb (atawa nb), ɓ, c, d, nd, ɗ, e, ee, f, g, ng, h, i, ii, j, nj, k, l, m, n, ŋ, ɲ (ny atawa ñ), o, oo, p, r, s, t, u, uu, w, y, ƴ atawa ’y, ’ (Hamzah)
Huruf q, v, x, z lamon tipakai dilom kata injaman.
| Alfabet Fula | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | Nb | Ɓ | C | D | Nd | Ɗ | E | F | G | Ng | H | I | J | Nj | K | L | M | N | Ŋ | Ɲ | O | P | R | S | T | U | W | Y | Ƴ | ’ | |
| Huruf Ronik | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | nb | ɓ | c | d | nd | ɗ | e | f | g | ng | h | i | j | nj | k | l | m | n | ŋ | ɲ | o | p | r | s | t | u | w | y | ƴ | ’ | |
| IPA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | ᵐb | ɓ | c~t͡ʃ | d | ⁿd | ɗ | ɛ~e | f | g | ᵑɡ | h | ɪ~i | ɟ~d͡ʒ | ᶮɟ~ᶮd͡ʒ | k | l | m | n | ŋ | ɲ | ɔ~o | p | r | s | t | ʊ~u | w | j | ʔʲ | ʔ | |
Aksara Adlam
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]| Huruf Balak | Huruf Ronik | Latin | Arab | Golar Huruf | IPA[3] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 𞤀 | 𞤢 | a | ا | a | /a/ |
| 𞤁 | 𞤣 | d | د | da | /d/ |
| 𞤂 | 𞤤 | l | ل | la | /l/ |
| 𞤃 | 𞤥 | m | م | ma | /m/ |
| 𞤄 | 𞤦 | b | ب | ba | /b/ |
| 𞤅 | 𞤧 | s | س | sa | /s/ |
| 𞤆 | 𞤨 | p | pa | /p/ | |
| 𞤇 | 𞤩 | ɓ (bh) | bha | /ɓ/ | |
| 𞤈 | 𞤪 | r | ر | ra | /r/ɾ/ |
| 𞤉 | 𞤫 | e | è | /e/ | |
| 𞤊 | 𞤬 | f | ف | fa | /f/ |
| 𞤋 | 𞤭 | i | i | /i/ | |
| 𞤌 | 𞤮 | o | ö | /ɔ/ | |
| 𞤍 | 𞤯 | ɗ (dh) | dha | /ɗ/ | |
| 𞤎 | 𞤰 | ƴ (yh) | yha | /ʔʲ/ | |
| 𞤏 | 𞤱 | w | و | wâ | /w/ |
| 𞤐 | 𞤲 | n, satiyap uncuk kata nasal | ن | na | /n/ |
| 𞤑 | 𞤳 | k | ك | ka | /k/ |
| 𞤒 | 𞤴 | y | ي | ya | /j/ |
| 𞤓 | 𞤵 | u | ou | /u/ | |
| 𞤔 | 𞤶 | j | ج | dja | /dʒ/ |
| 𞤕 | 𞤷 | c | tcha | /tʃ/ | |
| 𞤖 | 𞤸 | h | ح | ha | /h/ |
| 𞤗 | 𞤹 | ɠ (q) | ق | gha | /q/ |
| 𞤘 | 𞤺 | g | ga | /ɡ/ | |
| 𞤙 | 𞤻 | ñ (ny) | gna | /ɲ/ | |
| 𞤚 | 𞤼 | t | ت | ta | /t/ |
| 𞤛 | 𞤽 | ŋ (nh) | nha | /ŋ/ | |
| Tambahan: untuk basa-basa barih atawa guway kata injaman | |||||
| 𞤜 | 𞤾 | v | va | /v/ | |
| 𞤝 | 𞤿 | x (kh) | خ | kha | /x/ |
| 𞤞 | 𞥀 | ɡb | gbe | /ɡ͡b/ | |
| 𞤟 | 𞥁 | z | ز | zal | /z/ |
| 𞤠 | 𞥂 | kp | kpo | /k͡p/ | |
| 𞤡 | 𞥃 | sh | ش | sha | /ʃ/ |
Tanda-tandaan
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]| Diakritik | Panjolasan |
|---|---|
| ◌𞥄 | 'ā' say tijang; dapok tipikko di unggak huruf 'a', dilom hal sija 'ā' bih ngakuk tanda diakritik say sumang jak vokal barihna, atawa di unggak konsonan, dilom hal sija huruf alif mak titulis nihan |
| ◌𞥅 | vokal tijang (vokal kacuwali alif) |
| ◌𞥆 | konsonan tijang (dobal) |
| ◌𞥇 | glottal stop, hamzah (antara konsonan say di unggakna tipikko rik vokal saraduna) |
| ◌𞥈 | pangubah konsonan (liyak tabol di bah ho) |
| ◌𞥉 | pangubah konsonan tijang |
| ◌𞥊 | titik (liyak tabol di bah ho ) |
| 𞥋 | tipakay antara n rik konsonan barih untuk anjajakko bahwa karuwana joda da konsonan pranasal |
Pamakayan pangubah konsonan:
| Huruf Adlam jama tanda pangubah | Huruf Arab say sataraf |
|---|---|
| 𞤧𞥈 | ص |
| 𞤣𞥈 | ض |
| 𞤼𞥈 | ط |
| 𞤶𞥈 | ظ |
| 𞤢𞥈 | ع |
| 𞤺𞥈 | غ |
| 𞤸𞥈 | ه |
Pamakayan titik untuk ngawakili bunyi say ti'injam jak bahasa Arab:
| Huruf Adlam jama tanda titik | Huruf Arab say sataraf |
|---|---|
| 𞤧𞥊 | ث |
| 𞤶𞥊 | ز |
Pamakayan tanda titik jama huruf asli:
| Huruf Adlam jama tanda titik | Pangucapan |
|---|---|
| 𞤫𞥊 | e, sabagay lawan jak è atawa ɛ; titik dinggak |
| 𞤫𞥊𞥅 | e tijang; titik dibah rik vokal panijang dinggak |
| 𞤮𞥊 | o, sabagay lawan jak ɔ |
| 𞤮𞥊𞥅 | o tijang, titik dibah rik vokal panijang dinggak |
Angka
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]Mak juk huruf Arab, angka Adlam matuh di arah say goh-goh (kanan guk kiri), goh-goh rik aksara N'Ko.
| Adlam | Hindu-Arab | Arab |
|---|---|---|
| 𞥐 | 0 | ٠ |
| 𞥑 | 1 | ١ |
| 𞥒 | 2 | ٢ |
| 𞥓 | 3 | ٣ |
| 𞥔 | 4 | ٤ |
| 𞥕 | 5 | ٥ |
| 𞥖 | 6 | ٦ |
| 𞥗 | 7 | ٧ |
| 𞥘 | 8 | ٨ |
| 𞥙 | 9 | ٩ |
Tanda Baca
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]| Adlam | Latin |
|---|---|
| . | . |
| ⹁ | , |
| : | : |
| ⁏ | ; |
| 𞥟 … ؟ | ¿ … ? |
| ! … 𞥞 | ¡ … ! |
Rujukan
[dandani | Sunting sumbor]- ↑ Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: ful ISO 639-2 Registration Authority - Library of Congress
- ↑ Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: ful ISO 639-3 Registration Authority - SIL International
- ↑ Adlam alphabet, skyknowledge.com