Daular Kaabu

Daular Kaabu
Wuri
Babban birni	Foni Kansala (en)
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Kasa kingdom (en)
Ƙirƙira	1537
Rushewa	1867

Daular Kaabu (1537– 1867), kuma an rubuta Gabu, Ngabou, da N’Gabu, wata daula ce a yankin Senegambia da ke tsakiyar yankin arewa maso gabashin Guinea-Bissau na zamani, manyan sassan Gambia na yau; Ta mamaye Koussanar, Koumpentoum, yankuna na Kudu maso Gabashin Senegal, da Casamance a Senegal. Daular Kaabu ta ƙunshi harsuna da dama, wato: Balanta, Jola-Fonyi, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon (Serer-Noon), Pulaar, Serer, Soninke, da Wolof. Ta yi fice a yankin saboda asalinta a matsayinta na tsohon lardin soja na daular Mali.^[1] Bayan daular Mali ta durkushe, Kaabu ta zama daula mai cin gashin kanta. Kansala, babban birnin daular Kaabu, Futa Jallon ne ya mamaye shi a lokacin jihadi na Fula na karni na 19. Sai dai kuma jihohin da suka gaji Kaabu a fadin kasar Senegambia sun ci gaba da samun bunkasuwa tun bayan faduwar Kansala; Wannan ya ci gaba har sai an haɗa sauran masarautun cikin Burtaniya ta Gambiya, Fotigal da Faransa masu tasiri a lokacin Scramble na Afirka.

Mandinka ta isa Guinea-Bissau a kusan shekara ta 1200. Daya daga cikin janar-janar na Sundiata Keita, Tirmakhan Traore, ya mamaye yankin, ya kafa sabbin garuruwa da yawa, ya kuma mai da Kaabu daya daga cikin lardin tinkuru na yammacin Mali, a cikin shekarun 1230. A farkon karni na 14, yawancin kasar Guinea-Bissau na karkashin ikon daular Mali ne kuma Farim Kaabu (Kwamandan Kaabu) mai biyayya ga Mansa na Mali ya mulketa. Kamar yadda a wurare da dama da aka ga ƙaura na Mandinka, yawancin al'ummar ƙasar ta Guinea-Bissau sun mamaye ko kuma sun kasance a cikin su, ana siyar da masu adawa zuwa bauta ta hanyoyin kasuwanci tsakanin Sahara zuwa masu saye Larabawa.^[2] Duk da cewa sarakunan Kaabu Mandinka ne, amma yawancin talakawansu sun fito ne daga kabilun da suka zauna a yankin tun kafin harin Mandinka. Mandinka ya zama harshen da ake amfani da shi don kasuwanci.

Bayan tsakiyar karni na 14, Mali ta sami koma baya sosai saboda hare-haren da Mossi ke kaiwa kudancinsu da kuma ci gaban sabuwar daular Songhai. A cikin karni na 16, Mali ta rasa yawancin lardunanta wanda bai wuce yankin tsakiyar Mandinka ba. Rikicin maye gurbin da aka yi tsakanin masu gadon sarautar Mali ya kuma raunana karfinta na rike hatta kadarorinta na tarihi a Senegal, Gambia, da Guinea-Bissau. Ba tare da sa ido na masarautu ba, waɗannan ƙasashe sun wargaje don kafa masarautu masu zaman kansu. Wanda ya fi kowa nasara kuma ya dade a cikin wadannan shi ne Kaabu, wanda ta samu ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1537.^[3] Gwamnan Kaabu, Sami Koli, ya zama shugaban Kaabu mai zaman kansa na farko. Shi jikan Tiramakhan Traore ne.

Masu mulkin masarautar Kaabu sun yi imanin cewa hakkinsu na mulki ya fito ne daga tarihinsu a matsayin lardin daular. Sarakunan Kaabu masu zaman kansu sun yi watsi da sunan Farim Kaabu na Kaabu Mansaba. Daga cikin lardunan daular Kabu sun hada da amma ba'a iyakance ba Firdu, Pata, Kamako, Jimara, Patim Kibo, Patim Kanjaye, Kantora, Sedhiou, Pakane Mambura, Kiang, Kudura, Nampaio, Koumpentoum, Koussanar, Barra, Pacami da sauran su.

1. ↑ Boubacar, Barry (1998). Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 388 Pages. ISBN 0-521-59226-7.
2. ↑ Clark, Andrew F. & Lucie Colvin Phillips (1994). Historical Dictionary of Senegal. Metuchen: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. pp. 370 Pages. ISBN 0-8108-2747-6.
3. ↑ Lobban, Richard (1979). Historical dictionary of the Republics of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. Metuchen: The Scarecrow Press. pp. 193 Pages. ISBN 0-8108-1240-1.