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Kihnu is an island in the Baltic Sea. With an area of 16.4 km2 (6.3 sq mi), it is the largest island in the Gulf of Riga[2] and the seventh largest island of Estonia. With a length of 7 km (4.3 mi) and width of 3.3 km (2.1 mi), the island's highest point is 8.9 metres (29.2 ft) above sea level.
Kihnu
Kihnu Kynö | |
|---|---|
Island | |
 Gulf of Riga, with Kihnu and other islands | |
| Coordinates: 58°07′48″N 23°59′24″E / 58.13000°N 23.99000°E | |
| Country |  Estonia |
| Region | Pärnu County |
| Municipality | Kihnu Parish |
| Area | |
• Total | 16.38 km2 (6.32 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 29.6 m (97.1 ft) |
| Population (2013) | |
• Total | 690 |
| • Density | 42/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal codes | 88005 |
Kihnu falls into Pärnu County and together with neighbouring islands forms Kihnu Parish, one of the smallest municipalities of the country, with an area of 16.8 km2 (6.5 sq mi).
604 people lived on Kihnu as of 2007[update], 69 of whom were primary school pupils. There are four villages: Lemsi, Linaküla, Rootsiküla, and Sääre. One can reach Kihnu by a fifteen-minute plane trip from Pärnu or by ferry, with trips taking three hours from Pärnu and one from Manilaid. When the sea is frozen in winter, it is possible to drive to the island over the ice.
The nearby isle of Manilaid (or Manija, Manõja in the Kihnu dialect) has been inhabited by people from Kihnu since 1933 and thus shares its culture.
UNESCO proclaimed Kihnu's cultural space and traditions as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on 7 November 2003.[3][4]
Kihnu is also called Kihnumua in the local dialect. Names in other languages include Ķīļu in Latvian, Kynö in Standard Swedish, Kin in Estonian Swedish, and historically, Kühnö in German. In Estonian Sign Language, the island is signed by imitating the vertical stripes of a Kihnu skirt. There are various theories on the etymology of the name Kihnu, with no consensus. The earliest recorded version of the name is Kyne, from 1386.[5]
Culture
editAs the men of Kihnu have been frequently away at sea, women have run everyday life on the island and became the guardians of the island's cultural heritage, which includes handicrafts, dances, games, and music. The latter is an especially important part of the island's traditions and accompanies handicrafts, religious feasts, and other celebrations. Ancient runo-styled songs are also important, as is traditional clothing adorned with decorations and bright colours. There are elaborate wedding traditions, which are considered the "most complex and bright expression" of Kihnu culture.[6]
Kihnu is known for its handicrafts and distinctive traditional clothing, which is still commonly worn today. It includes striped skirts (kört), patterned knit men's sweaters (troi), and knit mittens. Young women have traditionally organised evening get-togethers (ülalistmine, i.e., "sitting (staying) up (late)") to do handicrafts.
Traditional cuisine includes rye bread with potatoes, pork fat, or Baltic herring added to the dough; eel soup, prepared by fishers; and sweet milk soup, an important dish at weddings.[7] Seal hunting is practiced in Kihnu, and the meat is considered a delicacy. Another distinctive delicacy is the eggs of semi-domesticated mergansers (waterbirds), also used for baking cakes.[citation needed]
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, numerous men from Kihnu became sailors. The most famous of them was the largely self-taught captain Enn Uuetoa, also known as Kihnu Jõnn (1848 – 1913; Jõnn is the local pronunciation of the name Enn).
Language
editThe Kihnu dialect is thought to belong to the insular dialect group of North Estonian, along with the dialects of Saaremaa, Muhu, and Hiiumaa. Unlike the Estonian language, the Kihnu dialect has the vocal harmony found in other Finnic languages. Also unlike Estonian, the Kihnu dialect does not have the sound "h" at the beginning of a word—it is only used within words. The vocabulary of the language has also been influenced by other languages. The dialect includes triphthongs. The special intonation gives the listener the impression that the speaker is singing while speaking.[8]
Geography and climate
editThe island has a sandy interior and a rocky coast made up of more than fifty islets, which are an important nesting ground for birds. Along the dunes, beach ridges, and sands of the eastern part, the island reaches its maximum height of 29.6 m above sea level.[1]
| Climate data for Kihnu (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1931–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
23.9 (75.0) |
29.3 (84.7) |
31.4 (88.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.7 (89.1) |
26.6 (79.9) |
19.3 (66.7) |
12.8 (55.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
31.8 (89.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
1.8 (35.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
14.0 (57.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
16.1 (61.0) |
10.2 (50.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
2.3 (36.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
18.3 (64.9) |
18.0 (64.4) |
13.8 (56.8) |
8.3 (46.9) |
3.8 (38.8) |
0.8 (33.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
2.1 (35.8) |
7.7 (45.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.4 (43.5) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
5.1 (41.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.4 (−26.3) |
−30.8 (−23.4) |
−22.6 (−8.7) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
3.2 (37.8) |
7.1 (44.8) |
6.1 (43.0) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−29.5 (−21.1) |
−32.4 (−26.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42 (1.7) |
35 (1.4) |
33 (1.3) |
33 (1.3) |
36 (1.4) |
59 (2.3) |
62 (2.4) |
66 (2.6) |
54 (2.1) |
67 (2.6) |
57 (2.2) |
52 (2.0) |
595 (23.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.3 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 11.6 | 108.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 88 | 88 | 85 | 80 | 77 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 81 | 83 | 86 | 87 | 83 |
| Source 1: Estonian Weather Service[9][10][11][12][13] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA/NCEI (average precipitation days 1991-2020)[14] | |||||||||||||
Images
edit-
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Church
-
An inn
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Seashore
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Museum
-
Village road
-
Garden
-
A view of the coastline
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Young girls in both modern and traditional dress returning from school.
-
Pine forest
-
Cemetery
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An adult grey seal on drift ice just off of the Kihnu coast.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "The islands in the Väinameri Sea and the Gulf of Riga". Estonica. Eesti Instituut. 28 September 2012. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ C.Michael Hogan. 2011. Gulf of Riga. Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC.
- ^ "Kihnu cultural space – intangible heritage". UNESCO.
- ^ "Beyond Tallinn: Stunning Places to Visit in Estonia You Never Knew Existed – Europe Guidebook". 4 February 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ^ Dictionary of Estonian Place names.
- ^ "Kihnu wedding". Kihnu Cultural Space. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "Food". Kihnu Cultural Space. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "Kihnu language". rahvakultuur.ee. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ^ "Climate normals-temperature". Estonian Weather Service. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ "Climate normals-precipitation". Estonian Weather Service. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ "Climate normals-humidity". Estonian Weather Service. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ "Kliimanormid-Sademed, õhuniiskus" (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ "Rekordid" (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
- ^ "Kihnu climate normals 1991–2020". NOAA. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024.