見背
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Chinese
[edit]to see; to meet; to appear to see; to meet; to appear; to interview |
learn by heart; the back of the body; to be burdened learn by heart; the back of the body; to be burdened; to carry on the back or shoulder | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (見背) | 見 | 背 | |
| simp. (见背) | 见 | 背 | |
Etymology
[edit]Literally, to show one's back to. Compare English turn one's back on. First attested in Li Mi (224–287)'s famous prose as follows
- 生孩六月，慈父見背；行年四歲，舅奪母志。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 3rd century, Li Mi (李密), 陳情表
- Shēng hái liù yuè, cífù jiànbèi; xíng nián sì suì, jiù duó mǔ zhì. [Pinyin]
- When I was only six months old, my father forsook me and departed from this mortal world; at the age of four, my mother was compelled by her brother to remarry against her will.
生孩六月，慈父见背；行年四岁，舅夺母志。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄅㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiànbèi
- Wade–Giles: chien4-pei4
- Yale: jyàn-bèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannbey
- Palladius: цзяньбэй (czjanʹbɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gin3 bui3
- Yale: gin bui
- Cantonese Pinyin: gin3 bui3
- Guangdong Romanization: gin3 bui3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiːn³³ puːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
[edit]見背
- (literary, euphemistic, of one's parents or elders) to pass away
- 痛自嚴君見背，兩易春秋。冤酷日深，艱辛歷盡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1647, Xia Wanchun (夏完淳), From the Death Cell, to His Mother（獄中上母書）, translated by David E. Pollard
- Tòng zì yánjūn jiànbèi, liǎng yì chūnqiū. Yuānkù rì shēn, jiānxīn lìjìn. [Pinyin]
- Two springs and autumns have passed since my noble father left us, two years in which my bitterness and pain have daily deepened and hardship has followed on adversity.
痛自严君见背，两易春秋。冤酷日深，艰辛历尽。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]- 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
- 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
- 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
- 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 不祿／不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
- 亡
- 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
- 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
- 仙遊／仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
- 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
- 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
- 傾世／倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
- 傾亡／倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
- 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
- 凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
- 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
- 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
- 去世 (qùshì)
- 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 喪亡／丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
- 喪命／丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
- 喪生／丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 嗚呼／呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
- 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, derogatory)
- 嚥氣／咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
- 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
- 圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
- 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
- 失氣／失气 (shīqì) (literary)
- 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
- 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
- 小喇叭兒吹了／小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
- 就義／就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
- 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 彈老三／弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
- 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 掛／挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
- 故 (gù)
- 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 斃命／毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
- 早死 (zǎosǐ)
- 晏駕／晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
- 棄世／弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
- 歸天／归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
- 歸西／归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
- 歸道山／归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
- 死 (sǐ)
- 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
- 死人 (sǐrén)
- 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
- 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
- 死翹翹／死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
- 死脫／死脱 (5shi-theq) (Wu)
- 殞／殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
- 氣絕／气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
- 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 沒世／没世 (mòshì) (literary)
- 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
- 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
- 畢命／毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
- 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
- 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
- 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
- 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
- 百年歸老／百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 盡命／尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
- 終／终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
- 絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
- 翹辮子／翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
- 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 蒙主寵召／蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (euphemistic)
- 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
- 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
- 被難／被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
- 見閻王／见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
- 謝世／谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
- 賓天／宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
- 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
- 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
- 辭世／辞世 (císhì) (literary)
- 辭塵／辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
- 逝世 (shìshì)
- 進棺材／进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
- 過世／过世 (guòshì)
- 過去／过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
- 過往／过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
- 過身／过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
- 過面／过面 (Hokkien)
- 長山賣鴨卵／长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 長眠／长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 閉眼／闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 隕落／陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
- 離世／离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
- 駕崩／驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 駕鶴西去／驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
- 駕鶴西遊／驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
- 龍馭上賓／龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)