死人
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Chinese
[edit]| to die; dead; death | man; person; people | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (死人) | 死 | 人 | |
| simp. #(死人) | 死 | 人 | |
| alternative forms | 死儂／死侬 Min | ||
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sei2 jan4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sí-ngìn
- Eastern Min (BUC): sī-nè̤ng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙˇ ㄖㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sǐhrén
- Wade–Giles: ssŭ3-jên2
- Yale: sž-rén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syyren
- Palladius: сыжэнь (syžɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сыжын (sɨřɨn, II-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁵¹ ʐəŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sei2 jan4
- Yale: séi yàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: sei2 jan4
- Guangdong Romanization: séi2 yen4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sei̯³⁵ jɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sí-ngìn
- Hakka Romanization System: xiˋ nginˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xi3 ngin2
- Sinological IPA: /si³¹ ŋin¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sī-nè̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /si³³⁻²¹ nˡøyŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: sijX nyin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*sijʔ ni[ŋ]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljiʔ njin/
Noun
[edit]死人
- dead person (Classifier: 個／个)
- 行有死人，尚或墐之。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Xíng yǒu sǐrén, shàng huò jìn zhī. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- corpse (Classifier: 個／个)
- (colloquial, slightly vulgar, often humorous) unpleasant person; bastard; son of a bitch (Classifier: 個／个)
Synonyms
[edit]- (dead person):
- (corpse):
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Verb
[edit]死⫽人 (verb-object)
- (impersonal) a person dies
- (usually in exaggerations) to make people die; to be dangerous
Synonyms
[edit]- (to die):
- 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
- 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
- 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
- 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 不祿／不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
- 亡
- 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
- 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
- 仙遊／仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
- 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
- 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
- 傾世／倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
- 傾亡／倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
- 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
- 凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
- 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
- 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
- 去世 (qùshì)
- 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 喪亡／丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
- 喪命／丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
- 喪生／丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 嗚呼／呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
- 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, dysphemistic)
- 嚥氣／咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
- 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
- 圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
- 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
- 失氣／失气 (shīqì) (literary)
- 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
- 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
- 小喇叭兒吹了／小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
- 就義／就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
- 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 彈老三／弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
- 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 掛／挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
- 故 (gù)
- 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 斃命／毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
- 早死 (zǎosǐ)
- 晏駕／晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
- 棄世／弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
- 歸天／归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
- 歸西／归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
- 歸道山／归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
- 死 (sǐ)
- 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
- 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
- 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
- 死翹翹／死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
- 死脫／死脱 (5shi-theq) (Wu)
- 殞／殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
- 氣絕／气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
- 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 沒世／没世 (mòshì) (literary)
- 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
- 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
- 狗帶／狗带 (gǒudài) (slang, neologism)
- 畢命／毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
- 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
- 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
- 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
- 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
- 瘐死 (yǔsǐ) (of deaths in prison)
- 百年歸老／百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 盡命／尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
- 終／终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
- 絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
- 翹辮子／翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
- 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 蒙主寵召／蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (Christianity, euphemistic)
- 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
- 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
- 被難／被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
- 見背／见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
- 見閻王／见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
- 見馬克思／见马克思 (jiàn Mǎkèsī) (communism, euphemistic)
- 謝世／谢世 (xièshì) (literary)
- 賓天／宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
- 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
- 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
- 辭世／辞世 (císhì) (literary)
- 辭塵／辞尘 (cíchén) (literary, euphemistic)
- 逝世 (shìshì)
- 進棺材／进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
- 過世／过世 (guòshì)
- 過去／过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
- 過往／过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
- 過身／过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
- 過面／过面 (Hokkien)
- 長山賣鴨卵／长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 長眠／长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 閉眼／闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 隕落／陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
- 離世／离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
- 駕崩／驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 駕鶴西去／驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
- 駕鶴西遊／驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
- 龍馭上賓／龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)
Derived terms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]死人
- (Cantonese, vulgar) damn; wretched; stupid; goddamn
- (Cantonese) awful
- 1957, 王力, “穗語舉例（三）·血的教訓（續）”, in 廣東話淺說, 1st edition, 文字改革出版社, page 104:
Synonyms
[edit]Adverb
[edit]死人
- (analysable as 死 (sǐ, “intensifying adverb”) + 人 (rén, “person”)) to death; to be ... enough to make people die, an intensifying suffix; an augmented form of "adj. + 人" phrases (usually expressing frustration, discomfort, surprise) (Should we delete(+) this sense?)
- 兒子整天琢磨怎麼追到女朋友，心思根本不在學習上，真愁死人了。 [MSC, trad.]
- Érzǐ zhěngtiān zhuómó zěnme zhuī dào nǚpéngyǒu, xīnsī gēnběn bù zài xuéxí shàng, zhēn chóu sǐ rén le. [Pinyin]
- My son is thinking about ways to pursue a girlfriend all day; his mind is just not on studying at all. It's worrying me to death.
儿子整天琢磨怎么追到女朋友，心思根本不在学习上，真愁死人了。 [MSC, simp.]- 搵死人／揾死人 [Cantonese] ― wan2 sei2 jan4 [Jyutping] ― a huge pain in the ass to find
- (Mainland China Hokkien) very; rather; quite
Synonyms
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Gan (Wiktionary): si nyin4
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: si nyin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩ n̠ʲin³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
Adverb
[edit]死人
Synonyms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 死 | 人 |
| し Grade: 3 |
にん Grade: 1 |
| goon | |
From Middle Chinese 死人 (MC sijX nyin, literally “die, death + person”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a dead person, the dead
- (2003) Hellsing vol. 6, chapter 40 最終的な想像 5 (“Final Fantasy 5”), page 59:
- 死人が喋るな！
- Shinin ga shaberu na!
- The dead don't speak!
- 死人が喋るな！
- (2003) Hellsing vol. 6, chapter 40 最終的な想像 5 (“Final Fantasy 5”), page 59:
Synonyms
[edit]- See Thesaurus:死人
Idioms
[edit]Idioms
- 死人に口無し (shinin ni kuchi nashi): “the dead have no mouths” → the dead cannot speak: dead men tell no tales (that is, the dead cannot provide evidence against others); alternatively, the dead cannot speak up if the living blame them for things (the more common sense)
- 死人に妄語 (shinin ni mōgo): “telling lies on a dead person” → to lie and pin the blame on a dead person
- 死人に文言 (shinin ni mongon): “words at a dead person” → to lie and pin the blame on a dead person
- 死人の所には必ず鬼あり (shinin no tokoro ni wa kanarazu oni ari): “there are definitely demons around a dead person” → it is bad luck to be around a dead person, as the spirits of the deceased become demons and hang around
- 死人を起こして白骨に肉す (shinin o okoshite hakkotsu ni nikusu): “to raise the dead and put meat on their bleached bones” → a metaphor for how strongly one feels gratitude and indebtedness to another person, that they would go so far as to bring them back to life
- 死人を証拠にする (shinin o shōko ni suru): “to use a dead person as evidence” → to rely on the actions or speech of someone now dead as evidence, even when it is unclear if the dead person actually did or said those things: to base one's case on shaky grounds
Coordinate terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 死 | 人 |
| し Grade: 3 |
ひと > びと Grade: 1 |
| jūbakoyomi | |
Compound of 死 (shi, “death, dead”) + 人 (hito, “person”).[3][1] The hito changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]The shinin reading is more common in modern Japanese when this term is used in isolation. The shibito reading is common in certain derived compounds.
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 死人の枕 (shibito no makura): “dead man's pillow”: alternate name for 靫草 (utsubogusa): Prunella vulgaris, common selfheal or heal-all, an edible herb
- 死人花 (shibitobana): “dead man's flower”: alternate name for 彼岸花 (higanbana): Lycoris radiata, red spider lily or red magic lily, a kind of flower
- 死人色 (shibito iro): “dead person's color”: a deathly pallor, an unhealthy blueish pale color
- 死人草 (shibitogusa): “dead man's herb”: alternate name for 彼岸花 (higanbana): Lycoris radiata, red spider lily or red magic lily, a kind of flower
- 死人担 (shibito katsugi): “dead person's carrier” → a pallbearer, someone who helps carry the coffin in a funeral procession
- 死人返 (shibitogaeri): “dead person's turn-back” → in kabuki, a somersault performed from a standing position, done by a character who has just been killed by a sword
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 死 | 人 |
| し(に) Grade: 3 |
ひと > びと Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
Compound of 死に (shini, “dying, death”) + 人 (hito, “person”).[3][1] The hito changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]The shinin reading is more common in modern Japanese.
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 死 | 人 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
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- zh:Death
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- ja:Death
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