故

故 U+6545, 故 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6545 ← 敄 [U+6544] CJK Unified Ideographs 敆 → [U+6546]

Stroke order

故 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十口人大 (JROK), four-corner 4864₀, composition ⿰古攵)

• 做 𡟁 𢰴 𫮆

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 469, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13161
• Dae Jaweon: page 820, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1453, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6545

simp. and trad.		故

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːs) : phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic 攵.

Derivative of 古 (OC *kaːʔ, “old”). The sense “cause, reason” may be related to (“thing or person of former times”), or the same word as 固 (OC *kaːs, “solid, secure, sure”) (Schuessler 2007, apud Pulleyblank 1989).

故

1. old; of the past
2. cause; reason

   緣故／缘故  ―  yuángù  ―  reason

3. accident; misfortune; unexpected event
4. past things; antiquity
5. old friend; good friend; close friend

   • 孔子曰：「吾聞之，親者不失其為親也，故者不失其為故也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     孔子曰：「吾闻之，亲者不失其为亲也，故者不失其为故也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The School Sayings of Confucius, c. 206 BCE– 220 CE

     Kǒngzǐ yuē: “Wú wén zhī, qīnzhě bùshī qí wéiqīn yě, gùzhě bùshī qí wéigù yě.” [Pinyin]

     Confucius said: "I have heard that kinfolk lose not what makes them kinfolk and old friends lose not what makes them old friends."

6. to die; to pass away

   已故  ―  yǐgù  ―  deceased [lit. has passed away]

7. deceased; dead
8. formerly; originally
9. intentionally; deliberately
10. still; as before
11. therefore; so

    我思故我在  ―  wǒ sī gù wǒ zài  ―  I think, therefore I am

    故名「北京」  ―  gù míng “běijīng”  ―  hence the name "Northern Capital"

    • 生亦我所欲，所欲有甚於生者，故不為苟得也；死亦我所惡，所惡有甚於死者，故患有所不辟也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为苟得也；死亦我所恶，所恶有甚于死者，故患有所不辟也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

      Shēng yì wǒ suǒ yù, suǒ yù yǒu shèn yú shēng zhě, gù bù wéi gǒudé yě; sǐ yì wǒ suǒ wù, suǒ wù yǒu shèn yú sǐ zhě, gù huàn yǒusuǒ bù bì yě. [Pinyin]

      like life indeed, but there is that which I like more than life, and therefore, I will not seek to possess it by any improper ways. I dislike death indeed, but there is that which I dislike more than death, and therefore there are occasions when I will not avoid danger.

• (to die):

• (therefore; so):

Others:

• → Proto-Tai: *kawᴮ (“old”)
  • Ahom: 𑜀𑜧 (kaw)
  • Lao: ເກົ່າ (kao)
  • Lü: ᦂᧁᧈ (k̇aw¹)
  • Tai Dam: ꪹꪀ꪿ꪱ
  • Shan: ၵဝ်ႇ (kào)
  • Thai: เก่า (gào)
  • Zhuang: gaeuq

故

1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 古 (gu², “story”)

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. happenstance
2. old, past
3. therefore
4. late (deceased)

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
• Kun: ゆえ (yue, 故, Jōyō)^{←ゆゑ (yuwe, 故, historical)}、こと (koto)、ことさら (kotosara, 故)

Kanji in this term
故
こ Grade: 5
kan'on

• IPA^(key): [ko̞]

故(こ) • (ko-) 

1. the deceased, late

故(こ) • (ko) 

1. old; past; former

Kanji in this term
故
ゆえ Grade: 5
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 故 – see the following entry.

【ゆえ】 [noun] reason, cause

(This term, 故, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Kanji in this term
故
ことさら Grade: 5
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 故 – see the following entry.

【殊更ことさら】 [adverb] intentionally; deliberately; on purpose [adverb] particularly; especially; specially [adjective] intentional; deliberate [adjective] particular

(This term, 故, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

From Middle Chinese 故 (MC kuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 고 (kwo) (Yale: kwo) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

• (in 고향 (故鄕, gohyang)):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ko̞]
  • Phonetic hangul: [고]
• (old; cause; accident; etc.):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ko̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [고(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Wikisource

故 (eumhun 옛 고 (yet go))

1. hanja form^? of 고 (“old; ancient”)
2. hanja form^? of 고 (“cause; reason”)
3. hanja form^? of 고 (“accident; unexpected event”)
4. hanja form^? of 고 (“late (deceased)”)

   故 노태우, 내일 국가장

   go No-tae'u, naeil gukgajang

   The state funeral for the late Roh Tae-woo will be tomorrow

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

故: Hán Nôm readings: cố, cớ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.