Device compatibility mode

Android activates a compatibility mode for apps that declare orientation or resizability restrictions. Compatibility mode ensures acceptable app behavior on large screen devices and foldable flip phones but with suboptimal usability.

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change app behavior to improve the user experience or prevent apps from breaking on specific devices.

Reference devices

The following devices may require per-app overrides because of unusual configurations or configurations that are not well supported by apps:

Tablets: The natural orientation of some tablets, such as Pixel Tablet, is landscape. A device is in its natural orientation when Display#getRotation() returns Surface.ROTATION_0. If apps assume ROTATION_0 is portrait, app layouts and camera preview can be mismatched to the device display.
Landscape foldables: Some foldable devices, such as Pixel Fold, are in portrait orientation when folded, but landscape orientation when unfolded. If apps assume the unfolded orientation is portrait, flickering loops or layout issues are likely.
Foldable flip phones: Unfolded flip phones are typically in portrait orientation. But, when folded, the phones usually have a small display in landscape orientation. Apps must identify and accommodate the different orientations of the displays.

Common compatibility issues

Apps experience compatibility issues most often because of app orientation restrictions, resizability and aspect ratio restrictions, incorrect handling of camera preview orientation, and misused APIs.

Letterboxing

Letterboxing positions the app in the center of the screen or, on large screens, to one side or the other for convenient access. Mattes (solid‑colored bars or blurred wallpaper) fill the unused display area along the sides or top and bottom of the app.

Letterboxing happens often on large screen devices because the dimensions and aspect ratio of the device display are usually different from those of standard phones, for which most apps are designed.

Figure 1. App restricted to portrait orientation is letterboxed on landscape tablet and foldable.

Issue

App doesn't support all display configurations because the app has fixed orientation, fixed aspect ratio, or is not resizable.

Configuration settings that control app orientation and resizability include the following:

screenOrientation: Specifies a fixed orientation for an app. Apps can also set orientation at runtime by using Activity#setRequestedOrientation().
resizeableActivity: Indicates whether the system can resize apps to fit windows of varying dimensions. On Android 11 (API level 30) and lower, specifies whether apps support multi‑window mode. On Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, specifies whether apps support multi‑window mode on small screens (compact window size class). On Android 12 and higher, apps support multi‑window mode on large screens (medium or expanded window size class) regardless of this setting.
maxAspectRatio: Specifies the maximum aspect ratio supported by the app. Only apps with resizeableActivity set to false can set maxAspectRatio.
minAspectRatio: Specifies the minimum aspect ratio supported by the app. Only apps with resizeableActivity set to false can set minAspectRatio.

App restricted to portrait orientation not usable on landscape device.

Optimization

App should support all device and multi-window mode display orientations and sizes. Remove all orientation and fixed aspect ratio restrictions from your app layouts and app manifest file.

App supports all device orientations.

Compatibility workaround

If an app with fixed orientation or fixed aspect ratio runs in a window where the app does not directly support the window size or orientation, Android letterboxes the app to preserve continuity.

Beginning with Android 12 (API level 31) and continuing with 12L (API level 32), the platform applies a variety of enhancements to letterboxed apps. Device manufacturers implement the UI enhancements. You don't need to do any additional development for your app to benefit from the improvements.

Android 12 (API level 31) introduces the following aesthetic enhancements, which can be configured by device manufacturers:

Rounded corners: The corners of the app window have a more refined look.
System bar transparency: Status and navigation bars, which overlay the app, are semitransparent, making icons on the bars always viewable over the letterbox background.
Configurable aspect ratio: The aspect ratio of the app can be adjusted to improve the app's appearance.

Figure 2. Letterboxed app with UI enhancements.

12L (API level 32) adds the following functional improvements:

Configurable positioning: On large screens, device manufacturers can position the app to the left or right side of the display, making interaction easier.
Redesigned restart button: Device manufacturers can give the restart button for size compatibility mode a new look for better recognition by users.

Android 13 (API level 33) adds a user education dialog about positioning the letterboxed app on screen or including the letterbox in split‑screen mode:

Figure 3. Letterboxed app with user education dialog.

Size compatibility mode

Size compatibility mode is letterboxing that includes a restart control. The control enables users to restart the app and redraw the display. Android invokes size compatibility mode for apps that are determined to be nonresizable. When an activity moves to a display container that is incompatible with the activity's dimensions, the system may rescale the app to fill the device display in at least one dimension.

Device configuration changes that can trigger size compatibility mode include the following:

Device rotation
Foldable device folding or unfolding
Change between full screen and split-screen display modes

Issue

Size compatibility mode typically applies to activities that are restricted in orientation or aspect ratio and are configured (or determined by the system) to be nonresizable.

Your app is considered to be resizable—and won't be placed in size compatibility mode—if it meets any of the following criteria:

Is resizable with resizeableActivity="true"
Supports picture-in-picture (PIP) mode
Is embedded
Has the FORCE_RESIZE_APP per-app override applied by the device manufacturer (properties set by the app are ignored)

If your app does not meet any of the conditions, it is considered not resizable and could be placed in size compatibility mode.

Nonresizable app crashes in multi-window mode.

Optimization

App should support all display sizes. Make your app resizable by setting the android:resizeableActivity attribute of the <activity> or <application> element to true in the app manifest. Design responsive/adaptive layouts for your app. For more information, see Support different screen sizes and Support multi-window mode.

App works in all window sizes.

Compatibility workaround

Android places an app in size compatibility mode when the system determines the display of the letterboxed app can be improved by rescaling the app to fill the display window in at least one dimension. The system displays a restart control which recreates the app process, recreating the activity and redrawing the display. See also Processes and threads overview.

Portrait-only app letterboxed in landscape orientation, rescaled by restart control.

Flickering loops

When an app doesn't support all display orientations, it might repeatedly request new orientations when a configuration change occurs, creating an infinite loop that makes the display flicker or the app rotate endlessly.

Issue

On Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, device manufacturers can configure their devices to ignore orientation restrictions specified by apps and instead enforce compatibility modes. For example, a foldable device could ignore an activity's android:screenOrientation="portrait" setting when the activity is displayed on the device's landscape tablet-size, inner screen.

If an app's orientation restrictions are ignored, the app can programmatically set its orientation by calling Activity#setRequestedOrientation(). The call triggers an app restart if the app is not handling configuration changes (see Handle configuration changes). After the restart, the app's orientation restrictions are again ignored, the app repeats the call to setRequestedOrientation(), the call triggers an app restart, and so on in a self-perpetuating loop.

Another way you might encounter this is when the natural orientation (the usual orientation as determined by Android) of a device screen is landscape (that is, calling Display#getRotation() returns Surface.ROTATION_0 while the device has a landscape aspect ratio). Historically, apps have assumed that Display.getRotation() = Surface.ROTATION_0 means the device is in portrait orientation, but this is not always the case, for example, on the inner screen of some foldable devices and on some tablets.

An app in landscape orientation on a foldable inner display, might check the screen rotation, receive a value of ROTATION_0, assume the natural orientation of the device is portrait, and call setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT ) to reconfigure the app layout. After the app restarts (in landscape orientation), it might again check the screen rotation, receive a value of ROTATION_0, call setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT), and continue the infinite loop.

Landscape-only app on portrait display makes repeated calls to `Activity#setRequestedOrientation()`.

Optimization

Apps should not do the following:

Set a default orientation with Activity#setRequestedOrientation() in the activity onCreate() method because the orientation request can be triggered unexpectedly by unhandled configuration changes
Assume the natural orientation of the device (ROTATION_0) is portrait
Set orientation based on signals not related to the current window size such as Display#getRotation(), presence of a FoldingFeature, or deprecated APIs.

App handles configuration change, does not have orientation restrictions, so does not enter a flickering loop.

Compatibility workaround

Android ignores calls to Activity#setRequestedOrientation() in the following situations:

The activity has already relaunched from a previous call to the method or the camera compat force rotation treatment has been enabled (see Camera preview below).

Device manufacturers can apply this behavior to an app with OVERRIDE_ENABLE_COMPAT_IGNORE_REQUESTED_ORIENTATION.
The activity made more than two orientation requests in one second, which indicates a loop has occurred. Of the two requests in the loop, Android uses the one that maximizes the app display area.

Device manufacturers can apply this behavior to an app with OVERRIDE_ENABLE_COMPAT_IGNORE_ORIENTATION_REQUEST_WHEN_LOOP_DETECTED.

Camera preview

The camera preview (or viewfinder) of camera apps can be misaligned or distorted on tablets, laptops, and foldable displays.

Issue

The Android Compatibility Definition Document states that a camera image sensor "MUST be oriented so that the long dimension of the camera aligns with the screen's long dimension."

Apps often assume that device orientation and camera sensor orientation are portrait—a reasonable assumption on standard mobile phones. But the natural orientation of tablets and laptops and their camera sensors can be landscape. Also, new form factors like foldables can have multiple natural orientations and multiple camera sensors in varying orientations.

Starting an activity with a camera orientation the app does not expect or switching between different cameras or device screens (for foldables) can cause a misaligned or distorted camera preview.

Misaligned and distorted camera preview on large screen foldable.

Optimization

Camera apps must correctly identify and manage device orientation and camera sensor orientation to present a correctly aligned and scaled camera preview. Apps must calculate device rotation, sensor rotation, and screen or window aspect ratio, and then apply the results to the camera preview. For detailed guidance, see Camera preview and Introducing Camera Viewfinder.

Camera preview correctly aligned and scaled in all device orientations.

Compatibility workaround

A device is in natural orientation when Display#getRotation() returns Surface.ROTATION_0. The system calculates CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION from the device's natural orientation. Android aligns the portrait window of portrait‑restricted apps with the natural orientation of the device, which is what most apps expect. Android also crops the camera sensor image when the sensor orientation is landscape and the camera preview is portrait. The specific workarounds include the following:

Force rotate camera previews for portrait-restricted apps: Apps restricted to portrait orientation expect the device's natural orientation and the camera sensor orientation to be portrait. However, on Android 12 (API level 31) and higher, apps can run in multiple device orientations if device manufacturers ignore the orientation specification.

When a portrait-restricted app is connected to the camera, Android force rotates the app to align the app portrait window with the natural orientation of the device.

On some tablets (see reference devices), the app portrait window is rotated to full screen portrait to align with the device's natural orientation. The app occupies the full screen after force rotation.

Tablet — Force rotation of portrait-restricted app.

On the landscape inner screen of foldables (see reference devices), portrait-only activities are rotated to landscape to align with the unfolded natural orientation. The app is letterboxed after force rotation.

Foldable — Force rotation of portrait-restricted app. The app is also letterboxed.

Note: Force rotation does not happen if your app is responsive and handles portrait and landscape orientations.
Inner front camera cropping: The inner front camera sensor on some foldables is in landscape orientation. In addition to force rotating the camera preview on the foldable inner display, Android crops the inner front (landscape) camera field of view so that the sensor captures a view opposite the device orientation.
Force refresh camera previews: The system cycles through activity methods onStop() and onStart() (by default) or onPause() and onResume() (applied by the OVERRIDE_CAMERA_COMPAT_ENABLE_REFRESH_VIA_PAUSE per-app override) after force rotation to make sure the camera preview is properly displayed.
Aspect ratio scaling: The system dynamically changes the aspect ratio of the force rotated camera preview to a higher minimum aspect ratio, which ensures the camera preview is properly scaled.

App developers can override these workarounds if the apps handle camera preview correctly. See Per-app overrides.

Commonly misused APIs

As Android has added support for features like multi‑window mode and devices like foldables, legacy APIs have been deprecated and replaced by up‑to‑date APIs that work for all display sizes and device form factors. However, the deprecated APIs are still available for backward compatibility.

Some View APIs are designed for special purposes that are not always well understood by developers.

Issue

Developers continue to use deprecated Display APIs and incorrectly assume the APIs return the app bounds instead of device display area bounds. Or developers mistakenly use special‑purpose view APIs to get general display metrics. The result is miscalculations when repositioning UI elements after app window resizing events, causing layout issues.

Deprecated and commonly misused Display APIs:

For more information, see Support multi-window mode.

Misused view APIs:

Deprecated API miscalculates app bounds. App content goes off screen.

Optimization

Never rely on physical display size for positioning UI elements. Migrate your app to APIs based on WindowMetrics, including the following WindowManager APIs:

API correctly calculates app window metrics.

Compatibility workaround

Two overrides adjust the deprecated Display APIs and misused View APIs to return the app bounds: ALWAYS_SANDBOX_DISPLAY_APIS for Display APIs; OVERRIDE_SANDBOX_VIEW_BOUNDS_APIS for View APIs. ALWAYS_SANDBOX_DISPLAY_APIS is also applied by default to apps that qualify for size compatibility mode.

Transparent activities

Transparent activities are the result of transparent background styles, for example:

<style name="Transparent" parent="AppTheme">
    <item name="android:windowIsTranslucent">true</item>
    <item name="android:windowBackground">@android:color/transparent</item>
</style>

Themes related to dialogs, such as Theme.MaterialComponents.Dialog, can include styles that make activities transparent.

Transparent activities don't cover all the available display space, which makes them difficult to manage because the available display area can change based on configuration changes like device rotation, device folding and unfolding, and multi‑window mode.

Issue

A transparent activity should conform to the bounds of the first opaque activity below the transparent activity in the task activity stack. However, an opaque activity that launches a permission dialog can be a trampoline (an activity that launches another activity then disappears); and so, the system can't determine the bounds of the trampoline activity that launched the transparent permission dialog activity.

Dialog mispositioned because the activity was launched from a trampoline.

Optimization

Transparent activities inherit their constraints from the top-most opaque activity beneath them in a task's activity stack. The opaque activity must be available for the entire lifecycle of the transparent activity, from activity creation to destruction. For this reason, don't launch permission requests from trampoline activities.

If a trampoline activity launches a permission request, the user might not be able to see the permission dialog because the trampoline activity will have been destroyed before the user has had a chance to respond to the dialog, and the dimensions and position of the dialog activity might have been calculated incorrectly.

Apps should always launch permission requests from activities that remain visible until the user has made a permission decision.

Rounded corners

An activity can be transparent because of a style that specifies background transparency or because the contents of the activity don't fill the available display space. If a transparent activity fills the available display space, the system automatically applies rounded corners to the activity when configured to do so by the device manufacturer. But, if a transparent activity (like a permission dialog) doesn't fill the available space, it's up to you to decide whether or not to apply rounded corners.

Permission dialogs don't fill the available display space because the dialog layout typically uses LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT rather than LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT.

Dialog with rounded corners correctly positioned over visible launching activity.

Compatibility workaround

Keep activities that launch dialog activities visible until the user has responded to the dialog.

The system ensures that a transparent activity inherits all constraints from the first opaque activity beneath the transparent activity in the activity stack, including constraints related to:

Size compatibility mode
Orientation
Aspect Ratio

Unity games

Unity games run on Android full screen or in multi‑window mode. However, many Unity games lose focus and stop drawing content when the app is placed in multi‑window mode.

Issue

Unity added a Resizable Window option in Unity 2019.4 to support multi‑window mode on Android. However, the initial implementation did not react to the activity lifecycle in multi-window mode correctly, causing UnityPlayer to suspend playback when the app loses focus. The player rendered a black screen or the last, frozen frame of the game. Gameplay resumed only when the user tapped the screen. Many apps using the Unity engine face this issue and render as a black window in multi‑window mode.

Game loses focus in multi-window mode and renders as a black window.

Optimization

Upgrade Unity to 2019.4.40 or later and re‑export your game. Keep the Resizable Window option checked in the Android Player settings, otherwise the game pauses when not in focus even though the game is entirely visible in multi‑window mode.

Game renders content correctly in multi-window mode even when not in focus.

Compatibility workaround

Device manufacturers can apply the OVERRIDE_ENABLE_COMPAT_FAKE_FOCUS per‑app override to provide a fake focus event to an app in multi‑window mode. The override enables the activity to redraw content and not be blacked out.

Test your app for compatibility issues

To test your app and understand how it behaves on different form factors, take advantage of the following resources:

Device streaming: To test your app on production devices (including reference devices) hosted in Google data centers, see Android Device Streaming, powered by Firebase
Emulators in Android Studio Hedgehog: For information on creating emulators for reference devices, see Create and manage virtual devices
Android Studio resizable emulator: For information on accessing virtual devices, see Run apps on the Android Emulator

Is letterboxed

Verify that each activity can use all of the display space available to the app. First, declare the following code in your test folder:

Kotlin

fun Activity.isLetterboxed() : Boolean {
    if (isInMultiWindowMode) return false

    val wmc = WindowMetricsCalculator.getOrCreate()
    val currentBounds = wmc.computeCurrentWindowMetrics(this).bounds
    val maxBounds = wmc.computeMaximumWindowMetrics(this).bounds

    val isScreenPortrait = maxBounds.height() > maxBounds.width()

    return if (isScreenPortrait) {
        currentBounds.height() < maxBounds.height()
    } else {
        currentBounds.width() < maxBounds.width()
    }
}

Java

public boolean isLetterboxed(Activity activity) {
    if (activity.isInMultiWindowMode()) {
        return false;
    }

    WindowMetricsCalculator wmc = WindowMetricsCalculator.getOrCreate();
    Rect currentBounds = wmc.computeCurrentWindowMetrics(activity).getBounds()
    Rect maxBounds = wmc.computeMaximumWindowMetrics(activity).getBounds();

    boolean isScreenPortrait = maxBounds.height() > maxBounds.width();

    return (isScreenPortrait)
        ? currentBounds.height() < maxBounds.height()
        : currentBounds.width() < maxBounds.width();
}

Then run a test to assert the behavior and make sure the target activity is not letterboxed:

Kotlin

@get:Rule
val activityRule = ActivityScenarioRule(MainActivity::class.java)

@Test
fun activity_launched_notLetterBoxed() {
    activityRule.scenario.onActivity {
        assertThat(it.isLetterboxed()).isFalse()
    }
}

Java

@Rule
public ActivityScenarioRule<MainActivity> rule = new ActivityScenarioRule<>(MainActivity.class);

public void activity_launched_notLetterBoxed() {
    try (ActivityScenario<MainActivity> scenario = ActivityScenario.launch(MainActivity.class)) {
        scenario.onActivity(activity -> {
            assertThat(isLetterboxed(activity)).isFalse();
        });
    }
}

Ideally, run this kind of test only until it passes and asserts that your app's activities take up the entire display space available to the app. Test your app on all device types to ensure consistent behavior.

Per-app overrides

Android provides overrides that change the configured behavior of apps. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to bypass size compatibility mode and resize the app to fit display dimensions even if resizeableActivity="false" is specified in the app manifest.

Device manufacturers apply overrides to select apps—or all apps—on specific large screen devices. On Android 14 (API level 34) and higher, users can apply overrides to apps through device settings.

User per-app overrides

On Android 14 and higher, a settings menu enables users to change the aspect ratio of apps. Large screen devices such as the reference devices implement the menu.

The menu contains a list of all apps installed on the device. Users choose an app and then set the app aspect ratio to 3:4, 1:1, full screen, or other value configured by the device manufacturer. Users can also reset the aspect ratio to the app default, which is specified in the app manifest.

Apps can opt out of the compatibility override by setting the following PackageManager.Property tags:

PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_USER_ASPECT_RATIO_OVERRIDE

To opt out of the user aspect ratio compatibility override, add the property to your app manifest and set the value to false:
```
<application>
    <property
        android:name="android.window.
        PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_USER_ASPECT_RATIO_OVERRIDE"
        android:value="false" />
</application>
```
Your app will be excluded from the list of apps in device settings. Users won't be able to override the app's aspect ratio.

Setting the property to true has no effect.
PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_USER_ASPECT_RATIO_FULLSCREEN_OVERRIDE

To opt out of the full-screen option of the user aspect ratio compatibility override, add the property to your app manifest and set the value to false:
```
<application>
    <property
        android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_USER_ASPECT_RATIO_FULLSCREEN_OVERRIDE"
        android:value="false" />
</application>
```
The full-screen option is removed from the list of aspect ratio options in device settings. Users won't be able to apply the full-screen override to your app.

Caution: If PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_USER_ASPECT_RATIO_OVERRIDE is false, this property has no effect.

Setting this property to true has no effect.

Optimize your app for all screens: Don't set aspect ratio restrictions in your app. Use window size classes to support different layouts based on the amount of available display space.

Device manufacturer per-app overrides

Device manufacturers apply overrides on a per‑app basis on select devices. The reference devices may apply some of the overrides to a variety of apps by default.

Apps can opt out of most overrides (see the Per-app overrides table below).

You can test your app with overrides enabled or disabled using the compatibility framework (see Compatibility framework tools). When enabled, overrides apply to the entire app.

You can also use the Android Debug Bridge (adb) to enable or disable overrides and determine which overrides apply to your app.

Enable or disable overrides as follows:

adb shell am compat enable/disable <override name/id> <package>

For the reference devices, check which overrides apply to your app:

adb shell dumpsys platform_compat | grep <package name>

The following table lists available overrides along with guidance on how to optimize your app so the app does not need to rely on overrides. You can add property flags to your app manifest to opt out of some overrides.

Per-app overrides
Type	Name	ID	Description
Resizability	FORCE_RESIZE_APP	174042936	Bypasses size compatibility mode for app on configuration changes.
	FORCE_NON_RESIZE_APP	181136395	Forces app into size compatibility mode on configuration changes.
Aspect ratio	OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO	174042980	Gatekeeper override that must be enabled to apply any other aspect ratio overrides.
	OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_PORTRAIT_ONLY	203647190	If enabled (the default), limits override scope to portrait-only activities.
	OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_MEDIUM	180326845	Changes the minimum aspect ratio to 3:2.
	OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE	180326787	Changes the minimum aspect ratio to 16:9.
	OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_TO_ALIGN_WITH_SPLIT_SCREEN	208648326	Changes the minimum aspect ratio to fit 50% of the display size (or split-screen aspect ratio).
	OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_EXCLUDE_PORTRAIT_FULLSCREEN	218959984	Disables the minimum aspect ratio override so that apps are full screen when device is portrait.
Orientation	OVERRIDE_ANY_ORIENTATION	265464455	Enables overriding any orientation.
	OVERRIDE_ANY_ORIENTATION_TO_USER	310816437	Overrides orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions.
	OVERRIDE_UNDEFINED_ORIENTATION_TO_PORTRAIT	265452344	Overrides the orientation to be portrait when an activity has an undefined orientation.
	OVERRIDE_UNDEFINED_ORIENTATION_TO_NOSENSOR	265451093	Overrides the orientation to be `nosensor` (use the natural orientation of device) when an activity has an undefined orientation.
	OVERRIDE_LANDSCAPE_ORIENTATION_TO_REVERSE_LANDSCAPE	266124927	Rotates landscape-only apps 180 degrees.
	OVERRIDE_ORIENTATION_ONLY_FOR_CAMERA	265456536	Limits orientation override scope to when app is connected to the camera.
	OVERRIDE_USE_DISPLAY_LANDSCAPE_NATURAL_ORIENTATION	255940284	Sets the display to fixed landscape natural orientation when a task is full screen (including when letterboxed).
	OVERRIDE_ENABLE_COMPAT_IGNORE_REQUESTED_ORIENTATION	254631730	Ignores orientation requests from app to avoid rotation infinite loops.
	OVERRIDE_ENABLE_COMPAT_IGNORE_ORIENTATION_REQUEST_WHEN_LOOP_DETECTED	273509367	Ignores repeated orientation requests while an activity is relaunching. If Android detects an app is requesting at least two new orientations within one second, the system considers this a rotation infinite loop and applies the override.
	OVERRIDE_RESPECT_REQUESTED_ORIENTATION	236283604	Prevents letterboxing by disabling the device manufacturer ignore orientation request setting.
Sandbox APIs	NEVER_SANDBOX_DISPLAY_APIS	184838306	Prevents changing the behavior of any display APIs.
	ALWAYS_SANDBOX_DISPLAY_APIS	185004937	Forces the `Display` APIs in the app to return app bounds. `Display` APIs return logical display area bounds, but sometimes the app assumes `Display` APIs return app bounds, which leads to UI issues.
	OVERRIDE_SANDBOX_VIEW_BOUNDS_APIS	237531167	Forces the `View` APIs used in the app to return app bounds. `View` APIs return logical display area bounds, but sometimes the app assumes `View` APIs return app bounds, which leads to UI issues.
Camera compat	OVERRIDE_CAMERA_COMPAT_DISABLE_FORCE_ROTATION	263959004	Turns off force rotation. By default, all fixed-orientation camera apps are force rotated when the camera preview is open.
	OVERRIDE_CAMERA_COMPAT_DISABLE_REFRESH	264304459	Removes the default hard refresh applied when a camera preview is force rotated.
	OVERRIDE_CAMERA_COMPAT_ENABLE_REFRESH_VIA_PAUSE	264301586	Switches the hard refresh to a soft refresh when a camera preview is force rotated, which helps preserve state during the force rotation. By default, Android applies a hard refresh when the camera preview is force rotated. The hard refresh can cause issues with apps losing state or blacking out depending on how the apps cached their previous state.
	OVERRIDE_CAMERA_LANDSCAPE_TO_PORTRAIT	250678880	Crops the image buffer of the inner front camera. If the override is disabled, the inner front camera cropping is removed and the field of view of the camera preview is increased. By default on some foldables (see reference devices), the system crops the camera preview of all camera apps when using the inner front camera.
Miscellaneous	OVERRIDE_ENABLE_COMPAT_FAKE_FOCUS	263259275	Prevents the app from being blacked out when the app loses focus in split-screen mode. App waits for focus before drawing the app content, which can cause the app to freeze or be blacked out. The override enables Android to send a fake focus event to the app, which signals to the app to begin drawing content again.

FORCE_RESIZE_APP

Forces the packages to which the override is applied to be resizable. Doesn't change whether the app can be put into multi‑window mode, but allows the app to resize without entering size compatibility mode when the screen resizes.

How apps can achieve same result as override

In the app manifest, either set the android:resizeableActivity attribute to true or, to support resizing while disabling multi‑window mode with android:resizeableActivity=false, set the android.supports_size_changes metadata flag to true.

How to optimize apps

Use responsive/adaptive layouts to enable apps to adapt to all display sizes and aspect ratios. See Support different screen sizes.

How to disable or opt out of override

Set the property flag PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESIZEABLE_ACTIVITY_OVERRIDES to false.

Property flags to adjust override

<property android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESIZEABLE_ACTIVITY_OVERRIDES"
  android:value="true|false"/>

adb commands to test override

To apply the override and make app resizable:

adb shell am compat enable FORCE_RESIZE_APP <package>

To remove the override:

adb shell am compat disable FORCE_RESIZE_APP <package>

Note: The commands only temporarily apply or remove the override.

FORCE_NON_RESIZE_APP

Forces the packages to which the override is applied to be nonresizable and enter size compatibility mode on configuration changes.

How apps can achieve same result as override

Set both the android:resizeableActivity attribute and android.supports_size_changes metadata flag to false in the app manifest, and declare either an orientation or aspect ratio restriction.

How to optimize apps

All apps that behave well if resized should either have android:resizeableActivity or android.supports_size_changes set to true. Other apps should be improved to behave well when resized. See android:resizeableActivity.

How to disable or opt out of override

Set the property flag PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESIZEABLE_ACTIVITY_OVERRIDES to false.

Property flags to adjust override

<property android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESIZEABLE_ACTIVITY_OVERRIDES"
  android:value="true|false"/>

adb commands to test override

To apply the override and make app nonresizable:

adb shell am compat enable FORCE_NON_RESIZE_APP <package>

To remove the override:

adb shell am compat disable FORCE_NON_RESIZE_APP <package>

Note: The commands only temporarily apply or remove the override.

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO

The gatekeeper for all overrides that force a given minimum aspect ratio.

How apps can achieve same result as override

Set android:minAspectRatio at the activity or app level.

How to optimize apps

Don't set aspect ratio restrictions in your app. Make sure your app supports different screen sizes. Use window size classes to support different layouts based on the amount of space your app has on the screen. See the Compose WindowSizeClass API and View WindowSizeClass API.

How to disable or opt out of override

Specify an aspect ratio restriction or set the property flag PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_OVERRIDE to false.

Property flags to adjust override

<property android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_OVERRIDE"
  android:value="false"/>

adb commands to test override

To apply the override:

adb shell am compat enable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO <package>

To remove the override:

adb shell am compat disable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO <package>

Note: The commands only temporarily apply or remove the override.

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_PORTRAIT_ONLY

Restricts app settings that force a given minimum aspect ratio for activities with portrait‑only orientation. Enabled by default and only takes effect if OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO is also enabled.

adb commands to test override

To apply the override:

adb shell am compat enable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_PORTRAIT_ONLY <package>

To remove the override:

adb shell am compat disable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_PORTRAIT_ONLY <package>

Note: The commands only temporarily apply or remove the override.

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_MEDIUM

Sets the activity's minimum aspect ratio to a medium value (3:2)

How apps can achieve same result as override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

How to optimize apps

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

How to disable or opt out of override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

Property flags to adjust override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

adb commands to test override

To apply the override:

adb shell am compat enable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_MEDIUM <package>

To remove the override:

adb shell am compat disable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_MEDIUM <package>

Note: The commands only temporarily apply or remove the override.

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE

Sets the activity's minimum aspect ratio to a large value (16:9)

How apps can achieve same result as override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

How to optimize apps

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

How to disable or opt out of override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

Property flags to adjust override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

adb commands to test override

To apply the override:

adb shell am compat enable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE <package>

To remove the override:

adb shell am compat disable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE <package>`

Note: The commands only temporarily apply or remove the override.

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_TO_ALIGN_WITH_SPLIT_SCREEN

Enables the use of split-screen aspect ratio. Allows an app to use all the available space in split-screen mode, avoiding letterboxing.

How apps can achieve same result as override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

How to optimize apps

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

How to disable or opt out of override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

Property flags to adjust override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

adb commands to test override

To apply the override:

adb shell am compat enable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_TO_ALIGN_WITH_SPLIT_SCREEN <package>

To remove the override:

adb shell am compat disable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_TO_ALIGN_WITH_SPLIT_SCREEN <package>

Note: The commands only temporarily apply or remove the override.

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_EXCLUDE_PORTRAIT_FULLSCREEN

Disables the minimum aspect ratio override in portrait full screen to use all available screen space.

How apps can achieve same result as override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

How to optimize apps

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

How to disable or opt out of override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

Property flags to adjust override

See OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO.

adb commands to test override

To apply the override:

adb shell am compat enable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_EXCLUDE_PORTRAIT_FULLSCREEN <package>

To remove the override:

adb shell am compat disable OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_EXCLUDE_PORTRAIT_FULLSCREEN <package>

Note: The commands only temporarily apply or remove the override.

OVERRIDE_ANY_ORIENTATION

Enables the following overrides to override any orientation:

OVERRIDE_UNDEFINED_ORIENTATION_TO_PORTRAIT
OVERRIDE_UNDEFINED_ORIENTATION_TO_NOSENSOR
OVERRIDE_LANDSCAPE_ORIENTATION_TO_REVERSE_LANDSCAPE

How apps can achieve same result as override

Set the activity:screenOrientation manifest attribute, or use the Activity#setRequestedOrientation() API.

How to optimize apps

Your app should support all orientations. An orientation change is a configuration change, which can be handled either of two ways: letting the system destroy and recreate the app, or managing the configuration changes yourself. If you manage configuration changes yourself, the app state can be retained by using ViewModel. In very limited cases, you can decide to lock the orientation on small displays only, although doing so might not scale as well as letting the user rotate the app as needed. On Android 12L and higher versions, fixed orientation can be overridden by device configuration. For more information about handling configuration changes and supporting all orientations, see Handle configuration changes, ViewModel overview, and App orientation restricted on phones but not on large screen devices.

How to disable or opt out of override

Set the property flag PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_ORIENTATION_OVERRIDE to false.

Property flags to adjust override

<property android:name="android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_ORIENTATION_OVERRIDE"
  android:value="true|false"/>

adb commands to test override

To apply the override:

adb shell am compat enable OVERRIDE_ANY_ORIENTATION <package>

To remove the override:

adb shell am compat disable OVERRIDE_ANY_ORIENTATION <package>

Note: The commands only temporarily apply or remove the override.

OVERRIDE_ANY_ORIENTATION_TO_USER

Enables app to fill the available display space. Overrides any orientation, resizability, and aspect ratio restrictions specified in the app manifest. Also ignores any calls to Activity#setRequestedOrientation().

How apps can achieve same result as override

Do not set the android:screenOrientation manifest attribute, or set the attribute to "user".
Set the android:resizeableActivity manifest attribute to true.

Note: Settings for android:minAspectRatio and android:maxAspectRatio are ignored if resizeableActivity is set to true.
On small screens, to support app resizing while disabling multi‑window mode with android:resizeableActivity=false, set the android.supports_size_changes metadata flag to true. Do not set minAspectRatio and maxAspectRatio.

Note: On Android 12 (API level 31), all apps run in multi-window mode on large screens (medium or expanded window size class) regardless of app configuration. See Support multi-window mode.

How to optimize apps

Enable your app to support all orientations; don't set a screenOrientation specification in your app's manifest. Support app resizability, multi‑window mode, and all display aspect ratios by setting the android:resizeableActivity attribute in your app's manifest to true. See Support different screen sizes.

Device compatibility mode

Reference devices

Common compatibility issues

Letterboxing

Issue

App restricted to portrait orientation not usable on landscape device.

Optimization

App supports all device orientations.

Compatibility workaround

Size compatibility mode

Issue

Nonresizable app crashes in multi-window mode.

Optimization

App works in all window sizes.

Compatibility workaround

Portrait-only app letterboxed in landscape orientation, rescaled by restart control.

Flickering loops

Issue

Landscape-only app on portrait display makes repeated calls to Activity#setRequestedOrientation().

Optimization

App handles configuration change, does not have orientation restrictions, so does not enter a flickering loop.

Compatibility workaround

Camera preview

Issue

Misaligned and distorted camera preview on large screen foldable.

Optimization

Camera preview correctly aligned and scaled in all device orientations.

Compatibility workaround

Tablet — Force rotation of portrait-restricted app.

Foldable — Force rotation of portrait-restricted app. The app is also letterboxed.

Commonly misused APIs

Issue

Deprecated API miscalculates app bounds. App content goes off screen.

Optimization

API correctly calculates app window metrics.

Compatibility workaround

Transparent activities

Issue

Dialog mispositioned because the activity was launched from a trampoline.

Optimization

Rounded corners

Dialog with rounded corners correctly positioned over visible launching activity.

Compatibility workaround

Unity games

Issue

Game loses focus in multi-window mode and renders as a black window.

Optimization

Game renders content correctly in multi-window mode even when not in focus.

Compatibility workaround

Test your app for compatibility issues

Is letterboxed

Kotlin

Java

Kotlin

Java

Per-app overrides

User per-app overrides

Device manufacturer per-app overrides

FORCE_RESIZE_APP

How apps can achieve same result as override

How to optimize apps

How to disable or opt out of override

Property flags to adjust override

adb commands to test override

FORCE_NON_RESIZE_APP

How apps can achieve same result as override

How to optimize apps

How to disable or opt out of override

Property flags to adjust override

adb commands to test override

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO

How apps can achieve same result as override

How to optimize apps

How to disable or opt out of override

Property flags to adjust override

adb commands to test override

OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_PORTRAIT_ONLY

How apps can achieve same result as override

How to optimize apps

How to disable or opt out of override

Landscape-only app on portrait display makes repeated calls to `Activity#setRequestedOrientation()`.