紅髮

紅髮是一種1%至2%的人口擁有的髮色，顏色屬於紅色系或橙色系，包括酒紅色、棕紅色、亮銅色和紅橙色。

人口分佈

據統計，目前大約有1%至2%的人口擁有紅髮^[1]^[2]。紅髮最常出現於歐洲北部和西部。

歐洲

爱尔兰平均每人的紅髮人數量是世界上最高的，紅髮人約佔全國人口的10%。^[3]

大不列颠岛的紅髮人比例也相當高。苏格兰的紅髮人佔全國人口的6%，其中全世界最密集的紅髮人地區為爱丁堡，是世界的紅髮首都。^[4]^[5]

紅髮也出現在阿什肯纳兹犹太人群中。^[6]1903年，5.6%的波蘭猶太人有紅髮。^[7]其他研究發現全體猶太女人中有3.69%擁有紅髮，但大約10.9%的猶太男人有紅胡须。^[8]20世紀前的歐洲文化中，紅髮被視為一個猶太人的刻板特徵：西班牙宗教裁判所活動期間，所有紅髮人都被認為是猶太人。^[9]

亞洲

在亞洲中，紅髮出現於部分阿富汗人、^[10]^[11]阿拉伯人、伊朗人、蒙古族人、突厥人、苗族人和苗族蒙人。

生物化學和基因學

紅髮的顏色源自毛髮中的假黑色素。紅髮的假黑色素遠高於它的真黑色素。紅髮人的16号染色体有兩個隱性基因，這會使黑素皮質素受體1蛋白發生轉變。由於皮膚和眼睛也有相同的基因，紅髮人常有白皙的皮膚和雀斑，也對紫外線較為敏感。

动物

除了人類外，紅色毛髮也可見於其他哺乳動物，比如紅毛猩猩、松鼠、山羊，或是出產於蘇格蘭的高地牛。某些狗或貓的品種，以及部分狐狸和鹿，也擁有紅毛。

參見

髮色
黑素細胞
黑色素
歧視紅髮的人（英语：Discrimination against people with red hair）

延伸閱讀

Allen Sacharov. The Red Head Book (1985).
Stephen Douglas. The Redhead Encyclopedia (1996).
Tim Collins. The Ginger Survival Guide (2006).
Uwe Ditz. Redheads (2000).
Marion Roach. Roots of Desire: The Myth, Meaning and Sexual Power of Red Hair (2005).
Cort Cass. The Redhead Handbook (2003).

參考文獻

^ Red Alert! Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2012-05-27 Washington Post: Original Date 2002-03-19. Accessed 2007-02-06.
^ National Geographic, September, 2007
^ Moffat, Alistair; Wilson, James. The Scots: A Genetic Journey. 2011-05-01 [6 June 2016]. ISBN 9780857900203. （原始内容存档于2021-10-17）.
^ Auld Reekie is world capital for ginger hair. [2021-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
^ Cramb, Auslan. Edinburgh is surprise capital of redheaded Britain and Ireland. The Telegraph. 24 August 2013 [21 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-19）.
^ Abel, Ernest L. Jewish genetic disorders: a layman's guide. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. 2001: 229. ISBN 978-0-7864-0941-9.
^ Elkind. Evrei Trudi Antropologitshes-kavo Amdilla, xxi., Moscow, 1903
^ Maurice Fishberg (1911). Jews, race & environment. 99. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-0574-2
^ The Jewish Persona in the European Imagination: A Case of Russian Literature, By Leonid Livak, (Stanford University Press 2010).
^ Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry. A Brief History of Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4381-0819-3 （英语）. northeast of Kabul, however, the local population includes many people with blond or red hair and blue or ...
^ Studies, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area; Smith, Harvey Henry. Area Handbook for Afghanistan. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1969 （英语）. They are generally of medium , slender physique , with dark , sometimes red , hair

外部連結

[redalert-1] Red Alert! Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2012-05-27 Washington Post: Original Date 2002-03-19. Accessed 2007-02-06.

[2] National Geographic, September, 2007

[3] Moffat, Alistair; Wilson, James. The Scots: A Genetic Journey. 2011-05-01 [6 June 2016]. ISBN 9780857900203. （原始内容存档于2021-10-17）.

[4] Auld Reekie is world capital for ginger hair. [2021-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.

[telegraph.co.uk-5] Cramb, Auslan. Edinburgh is surprise capital of redheaded Britain and Ireland. The Telegraph. 24 August 2013 [21 April 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-19）.

[6] Abel, Ernest L. Jewish genetic disorders: a layman's guide. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. 2001: 229. ISBN 978-0-7864-0941-9.

[7] Elkind. Evrei Trudi Antropologitshes-kavo Amdilla, xxi., Moscow, 1903

[8] Maurice Fishberg (1911). Jews, race & environment. 99. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-0574-2

[European_Imagination_2010-9] The Jewish Persona in the European Imagination: A Case of Russian Literature, By Leonid Livak, (Stanford University Press 2010).

[10] Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry. A Brief History of Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4381-0819-3 （英语）. northeast of Kabul, however, the local population includes many people with blond or red hair and blue or ...

[11] Studies, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area; Smith, Harvey Henry. Area Handbook for Afghanistan. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1969 （英语）. They are generally of medium , slender physique , with dark , sometimes red , hair

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