Wakurdi

Wakurdi
Kurd کورد

Roj emblem.svg
Watu kwa jumla
milioni 30–40 [1] (The World Factbook, 2015 estimate) milioni 36.4–45.6 [2] (Kurdish Institute of Paris, 2017 estimate)
Maeneo penye idadi kubwa kiasi
Maeneo ambako Wakurdi wako wakazi asilia  Uturuki est. 14.3–20 million [1][2]  Uajemi est. 8.2–12 million [1][2]  Iraq est. 5.6–8.5 million [1][2]  Syria est. 2–3.6 million [1][2] Wakurdi nje ya maeneo ya asili (nje ya Kurdistan penyewe) 2 million  Ujerumani 800,000 [3]  Ufaransa 150,000 [4]  Uswidi 83,600 [5]  Uholanzi 70,000 [6]  Ubelgiji 50,000 [7]  Urusi 63,800 [8]  Ufalme wa Muungano 50,000 [9]  Kazakhstan 42,300 [10]  Uswisi 35,000 [11]  Denmark 30,000 [12]  Jordan 30,000 [13]  Austria 23,000 [14]  Ugiriki 22,000 [15]  Marekani 15,400  Georgia 13,861 [16]  Kyrgyzstan 13,200 [17]  Kanada 11,685  Ufini 10,700 [18]  Australia 7,000 [19]  Azerbaijan 6,100 [20]  Armenia 2,162 [21]
Makundi yaliyo karibu kiukoo au kiutamaduni
Other Iranian peoples

Wakurdi (kwa Kikurdi: گەلی کورد, Gelî kurd) ni watu wanaotumia lugha ya Kikurdi, moja kati ya lugha za Kihindi-Kiajemi^[22] wanaoishi hasa Mashariki ya Kati.

Eneo lao linaitwa mara nyingi Kurdistan na limegawanyika kisiasa kati ya nchi za Uturuki mashariki, Iran kaskazini magharibi, Iraq kaskazini na Syria kaskazini.^[23]

Hadi Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia, Wakurdi wengi waliishi ndani ya maeneo ya Milki ya Osmani, idadi ndogo zaidi walitawaliwa na Uajemi. Milki zote mbili zilikuwa milki za Kiislamu ambako hakukuwa na mkazo wa utaifa au utamaduni maalumu. Hawakuwa na historia ya kujitazama kama taifa la pamoja wakiishi katika utaratibu wa jamii za kikabila zilizojitegemea na kutunza kiwango cha uhuru kutoka serikali za milki walimoishi.

Katika kongamano la kupatana amani baada ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza suala la Wakurdi lilijadiliwa lakini bila kupata suluhisho. Waligawanywa tu.

Baada ya ugawaji wa Milki ya Osmani mwaka 1918 walijikuta katika nchi ambako watu wengi walikuwa ama Waturuki, Waarabu au Waajemi walioathiriwa na itikadi ya utaifa. Wakurdi waliambiwa kujitazama kama raia wa nchi hizo na hivyo kuwa Waturuki, Waarabu au Waajemi. Hasa ndani ya Uturuki chini ya rais wa kwanza Ataturk kuwepo kwa Wakurdi kulikanwa, wenyewe waliitwa "Waturuki wa milimani". pote walikataliwa kuwa na shule ambako watoto wao wangejifunza lugha ya Kikurdi.

Katika historia hii uko msingi wa upinzani wa Wakurdi uliotokea katika nchi zote wanapoishi kiasili.

Idadi yao inakadiriwa kuwa milioni 30-45.^[24] Ndilo taifa kubwa kuliko lote duniani lisilo na nchi huru ya kwao.

Lugha yao ni Kikurdi, chenye lahaja mbalimbali^[25][26].

Wengi wao hufuata dini ya Uislamu (hasa madhehebu ya Wasunni), lakini wako pia wafuasi wa dini ya jadi wanaoitwa Wayazidi, wafuasi wa imani ya pekee ya Ahl-e Hak, halafu Wakristo, Wayahudi na Wazoroasta wachache.

• Aslanian, Sebouh (2011). From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa. California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520947573. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Blow, David (2009). Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0857716767. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bournoutian, George (2002). A Concise History of the Armenian People: (from Ancient Times to the Present) (tol. la 2). Mazda Publishers. uk. 208. ISBN 978-1568591414. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Floor, Willem; Herzig, Edmund (2012). Iran and the World in the Safavid Age. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1850439301. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Barth, F. 1953. Principles of Social Organization in Southern Kurdistan. Bulletin of the University Ethnographic Museum 7. Oslo.
• Hansen, H.H. 1961. The Kurdish Woman's Life. Copenhagen. Ethnographic Museum Record 7:1–213.
• Leach, E.R. 1938. Social and Economic Organization of the Rowanduz Kurds. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology 3:1–74.
• Longrigg, S.H. 1953. Iraq, 1900–1950. London.
• Masters, W.M. 1953. Rowanduz. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
• McKiernan, Kevin. 2006. The Kurds, a People in Search of Their Homeland. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN|978-0-312-32546-6
• Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia (tol. la 2). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1442241466. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Matthee, Rudi. "ŠAYḴ-ʿALI KHAN ZANGANA". Encyclopaedia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shaykh-ali-khan.

• Samir Amin (October 2016). The Kurdish Question Then and Now, in Monthly Review, Volume 68, Issue 05
• A People Without a State: The Kurds from the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism, by Michael Eppel, 2016, University of Texas Press

• Maxwell, Alexander; Smith, Tim (2015). "Positing 'not-yet-nationalism': limits to the impact of nationalism theory on Kurdish historiography". Nationalities Papers. 43 (5): 771–787. doi:10.1080/00905992.2015.1049135.

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Wakurdi

• Kurds, Encyclopædia Britannica.
• Kurd, Encyclopædia Britannica.
• The Kurds: People without a country, Encyclopædia Britannica.
• The Kurdish Institute of Paris Kurdish language, history, books and latest news articles.
• The Encyclopaedia of Kurdistan
• Istanbul Kurdish Institute Archived 24 Septemba 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
• The Kurdish Center of International Pen Archived 17 Julai 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
• Kurdish Library, supported by the Swedish Government.
• Ethnic Cleansing and the Kurds
• The Kurds in the Ottoman Hungary by Zurab Aloian
• "The Other Iraq" Kurdish Information Website

Suala la Wakurdi nchini Uturuki

• A report on the Kurdish IDP's – 2005
• A German newspaper's take on the Kurdish issue – 2005
• The Guardian – What's in a name? Too much in Turkey – 2001