Bruker:Pérez/nevrologi
Nervesystemets struktur (Gray's s183)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- medullated fibre eller white fibre
- Non-medullated Fibers
- gray eller gelatinous nerve fibre (fibre of Remak)
- Struktur som tilhører Perifer nerver og Ganglia
- perifere nervers og gangliers struktus
- Origins og Terminations of Nerves
- origins eller central terminations; og perifer terminations
- Motor nerver
- Ganglia
- Nevronteori
- nevron
- synapse eller synaptisk membran
- Fasciculi, baner eller fibersystemer
Nervesystemets utvikling (Gray's s184)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Ryggmargen (Medulla spinalis)
- Roof-plate of medulla spinalis
- Floor-plate of medulla spinalis
- layers
- Spongioblaster
- germinale celler
- Nevroblaster
- lamina dorsalis (Alar lamina)
- lamina ventralis (Basal lamina)
- Terminal ventricle
- Oval bundle
- filum terminale
Hind-brain eller Rhombencephalon
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Rhombic grooves
- Pons: utvikling of:
- Cerebellum: utvikling of:
- Fissura prima (cerebellum)
- Fissura secunda (cerebellum)
- metathalamus
- epithalamus
- posterior commissure
- Pineal recess (recessus pinealis)
- pars mamillaris hypothalami
Fissurer og sulci
[rediger | rediger kilde]- sulcus centralis
- sulcus intraparietalis
- sulcus cingulatum
- lateral cerebral sulcus (fissura Sylvii)
- fossa Sylvii
Ryggmargen eller medulla spinalis (Gray's s185)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- medulla spinalis eller Ryggmargen
- conus medullaris
- filum terminale
- dura mater
- epidural cavity
- subdural cavity
- arachnoidea
- subarachnoid cavity
- pia mater
- ligamentum denticulatum
- spinal ganglion
- spinal segments (Neuromeres)
- cauda equina
- filum terminale
Fissurer og Sulci
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Anterior median fissure (fissura mediana anterior)
- Posterior median sulcus (sulcus medianus posterior)
- posterolateral sulcus
- posterior funiculus
- postero-intermediate sulcus
- fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll)
- fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach)
- antero-lateral region
- anterior funiculus
- lateral funiculus
- Internal Structure tilhørende Medulla spinalis
- Grå substans (substantia grisea centralis)
- central canal
- Anterior column (columna anterior; anterior cornu)
- lateral column (columna lateralis; lateral cornu)
- Posterior column (columna posterior; posterior cornu)
- Posterior column (columna posterior; posterior cornu)
- Central canal (canalis centralis)
- substantia gelatinosa centralis
- Nerve cells in the Anterior column
- Nerve cells in the Lateral column
- Nerve cells in the Lateral column
- Nerve cells in the Posterior column
- Hvit substans (substantia alba)
- Nerve fasciculi
- Fasciculi in the anterior funiculus
- Descending fasciculi
- anterior cerebrospinal (fasciculus cerebrospinalis anterior; direct pyramidal tract)
- Descending fasciculi
- Fasciculi in the anterior funiculus
- Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
- Descending fasciculi
- lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus (fasciculus cerebrospinalis lateralis; crossed pyramidal tract)
- Descending fasciculi
- Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
- Descending fasciculi
- rubrospinal fasciculus (Monakow) (prepyramidal tract)
- olivospinal fasciculus (Helweg)
- Ascending fasciculi
- dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (fasciculus cerebellospinalis; direct cerebellar tract of Flechsig)
- superficial antero-lateral fasciculus (tract of Gowers)
- ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus (Gowers)
- Descending fasciculi
- Fasciculi in the lateral funiculus
- Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
- fasciculus gracilis (tract of Goll)
- Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
- fasciculus cuneatus (tract of Burdach)
- Fasciculi in the Posterior funiculus
- descending fibre occupy different parts at different levels
- Roots of spinal nerver
Hjernen eller encephalon (Gray's s186)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Hjernen (Encephalon)
- Hjernen: divisions of:
- Cerebral aqueduct (Aqueduct of Sylvius )
the hind-brain eller rhombencephalon (Gray's s187)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Medulla oblongata (spinal bulb)
- Anterior median fissure (fissura mediana anterior; ventral eller ventromedian fissure)
- Posterior median fissure (fissura mediana posterior; dorsal eller dorsomedian fissure)
- pyramid of medulla oblongata (pyramis medullæ oblongatæ)
- pyramidal decussation
- olive (oliva; olivary body)
Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata - lower part
[rediger | rediger kilde]- tubercle of Rolando (tuber cinereum)
Myelencephalon: posterior district of medulla oblongata - upper part
[rediger | rediger kilde]- medial nucleus
- lateral nucleus
- lemniscus (fillet)
- decussation tilhørende lemniscus (sensory decussation)
- locus cæruleus
- dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus (fasciculus cerebellospinalis; direct cerebellar tract)
- proper fasciculi (basis bundles)
Myelencephalon: Gray Substance tilhørende Medulla oblongata
[rediger | rediger kilde]- dorsal nucleus
- ala cinerea (trigonum vagi)
- nucleus tilhørende cochlear nerve og nucleus tilhørende vestibular nerve
- olivary nuclei
Myelencephalon: Inferior peduncle (restiform body)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus
- olivocerebellar fibre
- Internal arcuate fibre
- anterior external arcuate fibre
- reticularis alba
- reticularis grisea
- inferior central nucleus (nucleus of Roller)
- nucleus lateralis
- lemniscus
- medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Pons (pons Varoli)
- tænia pontis
- anterior surface (pars basilaris pontis)
- posterior surface (pars dorsalis pontis)
- basilar part tilhørende pons
- superficial transverse fibre (fibræ pontis superficiales)
- deep transverse fibre (fibræ pontis profundæ)
- longitudinal fasciculi (fasciculi longitudinales)
- Tegmental part of pons
- trapezoid body
- trapezoid nucleus
- medial longitudinal fasciculus
- pontine nuclei
- superior olivary nucleus (nucleus olivaris superior)
- nuclei tilhørende trigeminal nerve (nuclei n. trigemini)
- nucleus tilhørende abducent nerve (nucleus n. abducentis)
- nucleus tilhørende facial nerve (nucleus n. fascialis)
- Cerebellum
- Lobes tilhørende Cerebellum
- horizontal sulcus
- upper surface tilhørende cerebellum
- lingula (lingula cerebelli)
- Lobulus Centralis og Alæ
- Monticulus og Quadrangular lobules
- Monticulus og Quadrangular lobules
- Folium vermis og Superior semilunar lobule
- folium vermis (folium cacuminis; cacuminal lobe)
- superior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris superior; postero-superior lobules)
- horizontal sulcus
- lobus semilunaris
- under surface tilhørende cerebellum
- Nodule og Flocculus
- Nodule og Flocculus
- Uvula og Tonsilla
- uvula (uvula vermis; uvular lobe)
- sulcus valleculæ
- furrowed band
- tonsilla (tonsilla cerebelli; amygdaline nucleus)
- bird's nest (nidus avis)
- lobus uvulæ
- lobus pyramidis
- Tuber vermis (tuber valvulæ)
- Inferior semilunar lobule (lobulus semilunaris inferior; postero-superior lobule)
- lobus tuberus (tuberæ lobe)
- White substance
- projection fibre
- projection fibre
- superior cerebellar peduncles (brachia conjunctiva)
- projection fibre
- ventral spinocerebellar fasciculus
- middle cerebellar peduncles (brachia pontis)
- superior fasciculus
- inferior fasciculus
- deep fasciculus
- inferior cerebellar peduncles (restiform bodies)
- anterior medullary velum (velum medullare anterius; valve of Vieussens; superior medullary velum)
- projection fibre
- posterior medullary velum (velum medullare posterius; inferior medullary velum)
- Fibrae propriae
- Grå substans
- Microscopic Appearance tilhørende Cortex
- Microscopic Appearance tilhørende Cortex
- Microscopic Appearance tilhørende Cortex
- Fourth ventricle (ventriculus quartus)
- Roof eller Dorsal Wall
- Roof eller Dorsal Wall
- Choroid plexuses
- Openings in the Roof
- medial aperture (foramen Majendii)
- lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka)
- Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" tilhørende fourth ventricle)
- Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" tilhørende fourth ventricle)
- Rhomboid fossa (fossa rhomboidea; "floor" tilhørende fourth ventricle)
the mid-brain eller mesencephalon (Gray's s188)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- cerebral peduncles (pedunculus cerebri; crus cerebri)
- base (basis pedunculi; crusta eller pes)
- substantia nigra (intercalatum)
- tegmentum
- grå substans
- red nucleus
- interpeduncular ganglion
- thalamic tract tilhørende cranial nerver
- central tract tilhørende trigeminal nerve
- rubrospinal tract (bundle of Monakow)
- lateral lemniscus (lemniscus lateralis)
- brachium
- inferior colliculus (colliculus inferior; inferior quadrigeminal body; postgemina)
- superior colliculus (colliculus superior; superior quadrigeminal body; pregemina)
- cerebral aqueduct (aqueductus cerebri; aqueduct of Sylvius)
- ventricle tilhørende mid-brain
- central gray stratum
- nucleus tilhørende trigeminal nerve
- nucleus tilhørende oculomotor nerve
- nucleus tilhørende trochlear nerve
the fore-brain eller prosencephalon (Gray's s189)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Thalami (optic thalamus)
- extremities
- superior surface
- superior surface
- inferior surface
- medial surface
- massa intermedia (middle commissure eller gray commissure of brain)
- lateral surface
- structure of thalamus
- connections of thalamus
- Metathalamus
- geniculate bodies
- medial geniculate body (corpus geniculatum mediale; internal geniculate body; postgeniculatum)
- lateral geniculate body (corpus geniculatum laterale; external geniculate body; pregeniculatum)
- Epithalamus (see also Habenula og Habenular nuclei)
- trigonum habenulæ
- pineal body (corpus pineale; epiphysis)
- posterior commissure
- nucleus tilhørende posterior commissure (nucleus of Darkschewitsch)
- greater part tilhørende floor tilhørende third ventricle
- greater part tilhørende floor tilhørende third ventricle
- Optic chiasma (chiasma opticum; optic commissure)
Diencephalon/Other
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Third ventricle (ventriculus tertius)
- roof
- floor
- Third ventricle (ventriculus tertius)
- floor
- anterior boundary
- posterior boundary
- lateral wall
- Interpeduncular fossa
- longitudinal cerebral fissure (Fissura longitudinalis)
- falx cerebri
- corpus callosum
- splenium
- genu
- rostrum
- fornix
- Cerebral hemispheres: surfaces of:
- Poles of cerebral hemispheres
- preoccipital notch
- gyri
- Sulci og fissures of cerebral hemisphere
- Lateral cerebral fissure (fissura cerebri lateralis; fissure of Sylvius)
- Central sulcus (sulcus centralis; fissure of Rolando; central fissure)
- Parietoöccipital fissure (fissura parietoöccipitalis)
- Calcarine fissure (fissura calcarina)
- Cingulate sulcus (sulcus cinguli; callosomarginal fissure)
- Collateral fissure (fissura collateralis)
- Sulcus circularis (circuminsular fissure)
- Lobes: of cerebral hemisphere
- Pannelappen (lobus frontalis)
- precentral sulcus
- superior frontal sulcus og inferior frontal sulcus
- anterior central gyrus (gyrus centralis anterior; ascending frontal convolution; precentral gyre)
- superior frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis superior; superfrontal gyre)
- superior frontal gyrus
- middle frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis medius; medifrontal gyre)
- inferior frontal gyrus (gyrus frontalis inferior; subfrontal gyre)
- inferior surface eller orbital surface
- medial surface
- Isselappen (lobus parietalis)
- intraparietal sulcus of Turner
- postcentral sulcus
- occipital ramus
- transverse occipital sulcus
- superior parietal lobule
- inferior parietal lobule
- posterior central gyrus (gyrus centralis posterior; ascending parietal convolution; postcentral gyre)
- superior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis superior)
- arcus parietoöccipitalis
- inferior parietal lobule (lobulus parietalis inferior; subparietal district eller lobule)
- subparietal sulcus
- precuneus (quadrate lobe)
- Bakhodelappen (lobus occipitalis)
- transverse occipital sulcus
- lateral occipital sulcus
- lingual gyrus
- fusiform gyrus (occipitotemporal convolution)
- Tinninglappen (lobus temporalis)
- transverse temporal gyri
- superior temporal sulcus
- parallel sulcus
- middle temporal sulcus
- superior temporal gyrus
- middle temporal gyrus
- inferior temporal gyrus
- inferior temporal sulcus
- fusiform gyrus
- Insula (island of Reil; central lobe)
- opercula tilhørende insula
- orbital operculum
- circular sulcus
- Limbic lobe
- cingulate gyrus (gyrus cinguli; callosal convolution)
- callosal fissure
- Isthmus: of limbic lobe
- hippocampal gyrus (gyrus hippocampi)
- cingulum
- uncus
- incisura temporalis
- Hippocampal fissure (fissura hippocampi; dentate fissure)
- Rhinencephalon
- Olfactory lobe (lobus olfactorius)
- olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius)
- olfactory tract (tractus olfactorius)
- Olfactory lobe (lobus olfactorius)
- olfactory tract (tractus olfactorius)
- olfactory trigone (trigonum olfactorium)
- parolfactory area of Broca (area parolfactoria)
- anterior perforated substance (substantia perforata anterior)
- fissure prima
- Uncus
- subcallosal gyrus (gyrus subcallosus; peduncle tilhørende corpus callosum)
- supracallosal gyrus (indusium griseum; gyrus epicallosus)
- fascia dentata hippocampi (gyrus dentatus)
Telencephalon - Interior tilhørende Cerebral Hemispheres
[rediger | rediger kilde]- corpus callosum
- Ventricles
- Lateral ventricles (ventriculus lateralis)
- septum pellucidum
- interventricular foramen
- ependyma
- cornua
- central part (pars centralis ventriculi lateralis; cella)
- Ventricles
- anterior cornu (cornu anterius; anterior horn; precornu)
- Ventricles
- rostrum
- posterior cornu (cornu posterius; postcornu)
- calcar avis (hippocampus minor)
- bulb tilhørende posterior cornu
- inferior cornu (cornu inferior; descending horn; middle horn; medicornu)
- hippocampus (hippocampus major)
- hippocampus (hippocampus major)
- collateral eminence (eminentia collateralis)
- corpus striatum
- caudate nucleus (nucleus caudatus; caudatum)
- lentiform nucleus (nucleus lentiformis; lenticular nucleus; lenticula)
- medullary laminæ
- internal capsule (capsula interna)
- internal capsule (capsula interna)
- external capsule (capsula externa)
- substantia innominata of Meynert
- stria terminalis (tænia semicircularis)
- terminal vein (vein tilhørende corpus striatum)
- lamina affixa
- Fornix
- Columns of fornix
- crura
- body (corpus fornicis)
- psalterium (lyra)
- hippocampal commissure
- ventricle tilhørende fornix (ventricle of Verga)
- columns (columna fornicis; anterior pillars; fornicolumns)
- thalamomammillary fasciculus (bundle of Vicq d’Azyr)
- olfactory fasciculus
- crura (crus fornicis; posterior pillars)
- Interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
- Anterior commissure (precommissure)
- cavity tilhørende septum pellucidum (cavum septi pellucidi; pseudocele; fifth ventricle)
- Choroid plexus tilhørende lateral ventricle (plexus chorioideus ventriculus lateralis; paraplexus)
- tela chorioidea tilhørende third ventricle
- choroidal fissure
- tela chorioidea tilhørende third ventricle (tela chorioidea ventriculi tertii; velum interpositum)
- transverse fissure of hjernen
- internal cerebral veins (venæ Galeni)
- great cerebral vein (vena magna Galeni)
Telencephalon - struktur tilhørende hjernehemisfærene
[rediger | rediger kilde]- hvit substans
- grå substans tilhørende hemisphere
- Structure tilhørende Cerebral Cortex
- Nerve cells
- Nervefibre
- Special Types of Cerebral Cortex
- Special Types of Cerebral Cortex
composition og central connections tilhørende spinal nerver (Gray's s190)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- typical spinal nerve
- Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
- Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
- Sensory pathways from the Spinal cord to the Brain
- ventral spinothalamic fasciculus
- superficial antero-lateral fasciculus (tract of Gowers)
- spinotectal fasciculus
- spino-olivary fasciculus (olivospinal; bulbospinal, Helweg's bundle)
- Sympatiske afferent fibre (visceral afferent; viscero-sensory; splanchnic afferent)
- Sympatiske efferent fibre (splanchnic motor; viscero-motor; preganglionic fibre)
Sammensetning og sentrale forbindelser vedrørende kranienervene (Gray's s191)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Nervus hypoglossus (XII cranial)
- Nervus accessorius (XI cranial)
- Nervus vagus (X cranial)
- Nervus vagus (X cranial)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial)
- Nervus glossopharyngeus (IX cranial)
- Sympatiske afferent fibre
- Taste fibre
- Somatic motor fibre
- Sympatiske efferent fibre (motor og secretory fibre)
- Nervus acusticus (VIII cranial)
- Nervus acusticus (VIII cranial)
- Nervus acusticus (VIII cranial)
- lateral preolivary nucleus eller semilunar nucleus
- mesial preolivary nucleus
- lateral lemniscus (lateral fillet)
- fillet of Reil
- lower og upper nuclei tilhørende lateral lemniscus
- inferior colliculi (lower eller posterior quadrigeminal bodies)
- medial geniculate body
- commissure of Gudden
- Nervus vestibularis (vestibular root, VIII cranial)
- dorsal vestibular nucleus (medial eller principal nucleus)
- inferior vestibular nucleus
- lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters's nucleus)
- Nervus vestibularis (vestibular root, VIII cranial)
- Nervus facialis (VII cranial)
- Abducens nerve (VI cranial)
- Nervus abducens (VI cranial)
- Trigeminal nerve (V cranial)
- Nervus trigeminus (V cranial)
- Trochlear nerve (IV cranial)
- Nervus oculomotorius (III cranial)
- Nervus opticus eller Nerve of Sight (II cranial)
- Nervus opticus eller Nerve of Sight (II cranial)
- Nervus opticus eller Nerve of Sight (II cranial)
- Olfactory nerver (I cranial) eller nerver of smell
- Nervus olfactorius (I cranial) eller nerver of smell
- fasciculus retroflexus of Meynert
- interpeduncular ganglion
- tegmental bundle of Gudden
- cingulum
- dentate gyrus
- indusium
- medial longitudinal striæ (nerver of Lancisi)
- lateral longitudinal striæ
- gyrus subcallosus og the anterior perforated substance (diagonal band of Broca)
- olfactory projection fibre
- alveus
- fornix
- hippocampal commissure (ventral psalterium eller lyre)
- bundle of Vicq d'Azyr (mammillo-thalamic fasciculus)
- amygdaloid nucleus og the tænia semicircularis (stria terminalis)
baner fra hjernen til ryggmargen (Gray's s192)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Motor tract
- geniculate fibre
- cerebrospinal fibre
- decussation tilhørende pyramids
- lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus (crossed pyramidal tract)
- anterior cerebrospinal fasciculus (direct pyramidal tract)
- upper motor neurons
- lower motor neurons
- rubrospinal fasciculus
- vestibulospinal fasciculus (part tilhørende anterior marginal fasciculus eller Loewenthal's tract)
- pontospinal fasciculus (Bechterew)
Hjernehinner tilhørende hjernen og ryggmargen (Gray's s193)
[rediger | rediger kilde]
- hjernen: meninges of:
- ryggmargen: meninges of:
- Membran: of brain og medulla spinalis
- Meninges of brain og medulla spinalis
- Dura mater, cranial:
- Cranial arachnoid: dura mater
- Dura mater: encephali
- Endosteal layer of dura mater
- Meningeal layer of dura mater
- Dura mater: vener of:
- Dura mater: nerver of:
- Dura mater: spinal (Dura mater spinalis)
- Subdural cavity
- Epidural space
- Dura mater: structure of:
- Arachnoid (Arachnoid membran)
- Subarachnoid cavity (Cavum subarachnoideale, Subarachnoid space)
- Subarachnoid cisternæ (Cisternæ subarachnoidales)
- Cisterna cerebellomedullaris (Cisterna magna)
- Cisterna pontis
- Cisterna interpeduncularis (Cisterna basalis)
- Cisterna chiasmatis
- Cisterna fossæ cerebri lateralis
- Cisterna venæ magnæ cerebri
- Foramina of Majendie
- Foramina of Luschka
- Subarachnoid septum
- Ligamentum denticulatum
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Arachnoid villi (Granulationes arachnoideales, Arachnoid granulations, Glandulæ Pacchioni, Pacchionian glands )
- Pia mater
- Cranial pia mater
- Spinal pia mater
- Linea splendens
- Ligamentum denticulatum
- Filum terminale
- Central ligament of medulla spinalis
the cerebrospinal fluid (Gray's s194)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Kranienervene (Nervi cerebrales, Cerebral nerver)
- Nuclei: of origin of motor nerver
- Nervus trigeminus
- „ganglion semilunare [[ganglion Gasserii])
- Cavum Meckelii
- Nervus frontalis
- Nervus nasociliaris
- Ciliary ganglion (ophthalmic ganglion eller lenticular ganglion)
- Ciliary nerver
- Nervus maxillaris, superior maxillary nerve)
- In the Cranium
- Middle meningeal nerve (Nervus meningeus medius, meningeal branch, dural branch)
- In the Pterygopalatine Fossa
- Zygomatic nerve (Nervus zygomaticus; Temporomalar nerve; Orbital nerve)
- In the Pterygopalatine fossa
- Zygomatic nerve (Nervus zygomaticus; Temporomalar nerve; Orbital nerve)
- Sphenopalatine nerver (Nervi sphenopalatini)
- Posterior superior alveolar branches (Nervus rami alveolares superiores posteriores, posterior superior dental branches)
- In the Infraorbital canal
- Middle superior alveolar branch (ramus alveolaris superior medius; middle superior dental branch)
- Anterior superior alveolar branch (ramus alveolaris superior anteriores; Nervus ramus alveolaris superior anteriores, anterior superior dental branch, Anterior superior dental nerve )
- On the Face
- Inferior palpebral branches (rami palpebrales inferiores; palpebral branches)
- External nasal branches (rami nasales externi, Nervus nasales externi)
- Superior labial branches (rami labiales superiores, Nervus labialis superiores, labial branches)
- Sphenopalatine ganglion (ganglion of Meckel)
- Sphenopalatine ganglion (ganglion of Meckel)
- Greater superficial petrosal nerve (Nervus petrosus superficialis major, Large superficial petrosal nerve)
- Deep petrosal nerve (Nervus petrosus profundus, Large deep petrosal nerve)
- Nerve of pterygoid canal (Nervus canalis pterygoidei, Vidian nerve)
- Branches of Distribution
- orbital branches (rami orbitales; ascending branches)
- palatine nerver (nn. palatini; descending branches)
- anterior palatine nerve (n. palatinus anterior)
- middle palatine nerve (n. palatinus medius)
- posterior palatine nerve (n. palatinus posterior)
- posterior superior nasal branches (rami nasales posteriores superiores)
- pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve)
- Nervus mandibularis (n. mandibularis; inferior maxillary nerve)
- Nervus spinosus
- Internal pterygoid nerve (n. pterygoideus internus)
- anterior og smaller division tilhørende mandibular nerve
- Masseteric nerve (Nervus massetericus)
- anterior og smaller division tilhørende mandibular nerve
- Deep temporal nerver (nn. temporales profundi)
- Buccinator nerve (n. buccinatorus; long buccal nerve)
- External pterygoid nerve (n. pterygoideus externus)
- posterior og larger division tilhørende mandibular nerve
- Auriculotemporal nerve (n. auriculotemporalis)
- anterior auricular branches (nn. auriculares anteriores)
- branches to the external acoustic meatus (n. meatus auditorii externi)
- articular branches
- parotid branches (rami parotidei)
- superficial temporal branches (rami temporales superficiales)
- Lingual nerve (n. lingualis)
- Auriculotemporal nerve (n. auriculotemporalis)
- posterior og larger division tilhørende mandibular nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
- Mylohyoid nerve (n. mylohyoideus)
- Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
- posterior og larger division tilhørende mandibular nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
- dental branches
- incisive branch
- mental nerve (n. mentalis)
- Inferior alveolar nerve (n. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental nerve)
- Otic ganglion (ganglion oticum)
- Submaxillary ganglion (ganglion submaxillare)
- Nervus facialis
- nervus intermedius (pars intermedii of Wrisberg)
- greater superficial petrosal nerve (large superficial petrosal nerve)
- Nerve to the stapedius (n. stapedius; tympanic branch)
- Chorda tympani nerve
- iter chordæ posterius
- iter chordæ anterius
- Posterior auricular nerve (n. auricularis posterior)
- Digastric branch (ramus digastricus)
- Stylohyoid branch (ramus stylohyoideus)
- Temporal branches (rami temporales)
- Zygomatic branches (rami zygomatici; malar branches)
- Buccal branches (rami buccales; infraorbital branches)
- Mandibular branch (ramus marginalis mandibulæ)
- Cervical branch (ramus colli)
- Ganglia
- Superior ganglion (ganglion superius; jugular ganglion)
- Petrous ganglion (ganglion petrosum; inferior ganglion)
- Branches of Distribution
- Tympanic nerve (n. tympanicus; nerve of Jacobson)
- Carotid branches (n. caroticotympanicus superior og n. caroticotympanicus inferior)
- Pharyngeal branches (rami pharyngei)
- Muscular branch (ramus stylopharyngeus)
- Tonsillar branches (rami tonsillares)
- Lingual branches (rami linguales)
- Nervus vagus Pneumogastric nerve )
- Jugular ganglion (ganglion tilhørende root)
- Ganglion nodosum (ganglion tilhørende trunk)
- Posterior pulmonary plexus
- Esophageal plexus
- Ganglion nodosum (ganglion tilhørende trunk; inferior ganglion)
- In the Jugular fossa
- Meningeal branch (ramus meningeus; dural branch)
- Auricular branch (ramus auricularis; nerve of Arnold)
- In the Neck
- Pharyngeal branch (ramus pharyngeus)
- In the Neck
- Pharyngeal branch (ramus pharyngeus)
- Superior laryngeal nerve (n. laryngeus superior)
- external branch (ramus externus)
- internal branch (ramus internus)
- Recurrent nerve (n. recurrens; inferior eller recurrent laryngeal nerve)
- Superior cardiac branches (rami cardiaci superiores; cervical cardiac branches)
- upper branches
- lower branch
- In the Thorax
- Inferior cardiac branches (rami cardiaci inferiores; thoracic cardiac branches)
- In the Thorax
- Anterior bronchial branches (rami bronchiales anteriores; anterior eller ventral pulmonary branches)
- Posterior bronchial branches (rami bronchiales posteriores; posterior eller dorsal pulmonary branches)
- Esophageal branches (rami æsophagei)
- In the Abdomen
- Gastric branches (rami gastrici)
- Celiac branches (rami cæliaci)
- Hepatic branches (rami hepatici)
- Nervus accessorius
- Cranial Part (ramus internus; accessory del)
- Spinal Part (ramus externus; spinal del)
- Meningeal branches (dural branches)
- Descending ramus (ramus descendens; descendens hypoglossi)
- Thyrohyoid branch (ramus thyreohyoideus)
- Muscular branches
- spinalnerver (Nervi spinales)
- first cervical nerve (suboccipital nerve)
- Nerverøtter
- Anterior root (radix anterior; ventral root)
- Posterior root (radix posterior; dorsal root)
- Spinal ganglia (ganglion spinale)
- spinalnerve
- gray ramus communicans
- white ramus communicans
- somatiske fibrre
- sympatisk fibre (splanchnic fibre)
the posterior divisions (Gray's s209)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- posterior divisions (Rami Posteriores)
- Cervicale nerver (Nn. Cervicales)
- Cervicale nerver (Nn. Cervicales)
- medial branch (ramus medialis; internal branch)
- greater occipital nerve (n. occipitalis major; great occipital nerve)
- lateral branch (ramus lateralis; external branch)
- posterior division tilhørende third cervical
- third occipital nerve
- posterior cervical plexus
- posterior divisions tilhørende lower five cervical nerver
- Thoracale nerver (Nn. Thoracales)
- medial branches (ramus medialis; internal branch)
- posterior divisions tilhørende upper six thoracic nerver
- lateral branches (ramus lateralis; external branch)
- Lumbale nerver (Nn. Lumbales)
- Sakrale nerver (Nn. Sacrales)
the anterior divisions (Gray's s210)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- anterior divisions (Rami Anteriores)
- Cervical nerver (Nn. Cervicales)
- anterior division tilhørende first (suboccipital nerve)
- upper four cervical nerver
- cervical plexus (plexus cervicalis)
Overflatiske forgreninger av Plexus cervicalis
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Smaller occipital nerve (n. occipitalïs minor; small occipital nerve)
- Great auricular nerve (n. auricularis magnus)
- Great auricular nerve
- anterior branch (ramus anterior; facial branch)
- posterior branch (ramus posterior; mastoid branch)
- Cutaneous cervical (n. cutaneus colli; superficial eller transverse cervical nerve)
- ascending branches (rami superiores)
- Cutaneous cervical
- descending branches (rami inferiores)
- Supraclavicular nerver (nn. supraclaviculares; descending branches)
- anterior supraclavicular nerver (nn. supraclaviculares anteriores; suprasternal nerver)
- middle supraclavicular nerver (nn. supraclaviculares medii; supraclavicular nerver)
- posterior supraclavicular nerver (nn. supraclaviculares posteriores; supra-acromial nerver)
Dype forgreninger av Plexus cervicalis (interne)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Communicating branches
- Muscular branches
- Communicantes cervicales (communicantes hypoglossi)
- descendens cervicalis
- ansa hypoglossi
- Phrenic nerve (n. phrenicus; internal respiratory nerve of Bell)
Dype forgreninger av Plexus cervicalis (eksterne)
[rediger | rediger kilde]Supraclavicular Branches
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Dorsal scapular nerve (n. dorsalis scapulæ; nerve to the Rhomboidei; posterior scapular nerve)
- Suprascapular nerve (n. suprascapularis)
- Nerve to the subclavius (n. subclavius)
- Long thoracic nerve (n. thoracalis longus; external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve)
- Lateral cord: Musculocutaneous (5, 6, 7 C), Lateral anterior thoracic (5, 6, 7 C), Lateral head of median (6, 7 C)
- Medial cord: Medial anterior thoracic (8 C, 1 T), Medial antibrachial cutaneous, Medial brachial cutaneous, Ulnar, Medial head of median, Upper subscapular (5, 6 C), Lower subscapular (5, 6 C.)
- Posterior cord: Thoracodorsal (5, 6, 7 C.), Axillary (5, 6 C.), Radial (6, 7, 8 C, 1 T.)
- Anterior thoracic nerver (nn. thoracales anteriores)
- lateral anterior thoracic (fasciculus lateralis)
- medial anterior thoracic (fasciculus medialis)
- Subscapular nerver (nn. subscapulares)
- Subscapular nerver
- upper subscapular (short subscapular)
- lower subscapular
- Thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis; middle eller long subscapular nerve)
- Axillary nerve (n. axillaris; circumflex nerve)
- anterior branch of axillary nerve (upper branch)
- posterior branch of axillary nerve (lower branch)
- Musculocutaneous nerve (n. musculocutaneus)
- lateral antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii cutaneous lateralis; branch of musculocutaneous nerve)
- Medial antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii medialis; internal cutaneous nerve)
- Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus brachii medialis; lesser internal cutaneous nerve; nerve of Wrisberg)
- Nervus medianus
- In the forearm
- muscular branches (rami musculares)
- volar interosseous nerve (n. interosseus volaris; anterior interosseous nerve)
- palmar branch (ramus cutaneus palmaris n. mediani)
- In the palm tilhørende hand
- In the forearm
- Nervus radialis
- Muskulære forgreninger av nervus radialis (rami musculares)
- Cutaneous branches tilhørende radial nerve
- posterior brachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus brachii posterior; internal cutaneous branch of musculospiral)
- Nervus radialis
- Cutaneous branches tilhørende radial nerve
- dorsal antibrachial cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus antibrachii dorsalis; external cutaneous branch of musculospiral)
- Superficial branch tilhørende radial nerve (ramus superficialis radial nerve)
- Deep branch tilhørende radial nerve (n. interosseus dorsalis; dorsal eller posterior interosseous nerve)
- Cutaneous branches tilhørende radial nerve
the thoracic nerver (Gray's s211)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- anterior divisions tilhørende thoracic nerver (rami anteriores; ventral divisions)
- First thoracic nerve
- first intercostal nerve
- Upper thoracic nerver (nn. intercostales)
- thoracic intercostal nerver
- Lateral cutaneous branches (rami cutanei laterales)
- Lower thoracic nerver
- thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerver
- anterior cutaneous branches
- lateral cutaneous branches
- twelfth thoracic nerve
- lateral cutaneous branch
- Plexus lumbosacralis
- Lumbale nerver (Nn. Lumbales)
- anterior divisions tilhørende lumbar nerver (rami anteriores)
- Iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)
- Iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)
- lateral cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus lateralis; iliac branch)
- anterior cutaneous branch (ramus cutaneus anterior; hypogastric branch)
- Ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)
- Genitofemoral nerve (n. genitofemoralis; genitocrural nerve)
- external spermatic nerve (n. spermaticus externus; genital branch of genitofemoral)
- lumboinguinal nerve (n. lumboinguinalis; femoral eller crural branch of genitofemoral)
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis lateralis; external cutaneous nerve)
- Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
- Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
- anterior branch (ramus anterior)
- posterior branch (ramus posterior)
- Obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)
- Accessory obturator nerve (n. obturatorius accessorius)
- Femoral nerve (n. femoralis; anterior crural nerve)
- intermediate cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; middle cutaneous nerve)
- medial cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; internal cutaneous nerve)
- Femoral nerve (n. femoralis; anterior crural nerve)
- medial cutaneous nerve (ramus cutaneus anterior; internal cutaneous nerve)
- subsartorial plexus
- Muscular branches (rami musculares)
- Saphenous nerve (n. saphenus; long eller internal saphenous nerve)
- infrapatellar branch
- plexus patellæ
- articular branch to the hip-joint
- articular branches to the knee-joint
the sacral og coccygeal nerves (Gray's s213)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Sacral plexus (plexus sacralis)
- Nerve to the Quadratus femoris og Gemellus inferior
- Nerve to the Piriformis
- Superior gluteal nerve (n. glutæus superior)
- Inferior gluteal nerve (n. glutæus inferior)
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis posterior; small sciatic nerve)
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoralis posterior; small sciatic nerve)
- gluteal branches (nn. clunium inferiores)
- perineal branches (rami perineales)
- inferior pudendal (long scrotal nerve)
- branches to the back tilhørende thigh og leg
- Sciatic nerve (n. ischiadicus; great sciatic nerve)
- Nervus tibialis (internal popliteal nerve)
- Articular branches (rami articulares)
- Muscular branches (rami musculares)
- medial sural cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus suræ medialis; n. communicans tibialis)
- Nervus tibialis (internal popliteal nerve)
- sural nerve (n. suralis; short saphenous nerve)
- medial calcaneal branches (rami calcanei mediales; internal calcaneal branches)
- medial plantar nerve (n. plantaris medialis; internal plantar nerve)
- cutaneous branches
- muscular branches
- articular branches
- proper digital nerve tilhørende great toe (nn. digitales plantares proprii; plantar digital branches)
- three common digital nerver (nn. digitales plantares communes)
- Lateral plantar nerve (n. plantaris lateralis; external plantar nerve)
- Common peroneal nerve (n. peronæus communis; external popliteal nerve; peroneal nerve)
- lateral sural cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus suræ lateralis; lateral cutaneous branch)
- peroneal anastomotic (n. communicans fibularis)
- Deep peroneal nerve (n. peronæus profundus; anterior tibial nerve)
- muscular branches
- articular branch
- lateral terminal branch (external eller tarsal branch)
- medial terminal branch (internal branch)
- dorsal digital nerver (nn. digitales dorsales hallucis lateralis et digiti secundi medialis)
- interosseous branch
- Superficial peroneal nerve (n. peronæus superficialis; musculocutaneous nerve)
- medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus dorsalis medialis; internal dorsal cutaneous branch)
- intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus dorsalis intermedius; external dorsal cutaneous branch)
- Perforating cutaneous nerve (n. clunium inferior medialis)
- Pudendal nerve (n. pudendus; internal pudic nerve)
- Alcocks kanal
- dorsal nerve tilhørende penis eller clitoris
- inferior hemorrhoidal nerve (n. hæmorrhoidalis inferior)
- perineal nerve (n. perinei)
- posterior scrotal branches (or labial) (nn. scrotales (or labiales) posteriores
- muscular branches
- dorsal nerve tilhørende penis (n. dorsalis penis)
- Anococcygeal nerver (nn. anococcygei)
- kranielle sympatiske nervefibre
- Sympatiske efferente fibre tilhørende Nervus oculomotorius
- Sympatiske efferente fibre tilhørende Nervus facialis
- cranial sympatisks
- Sympatiske afferent fibre tilhørende Glossopharyngeal nerve
- Sympatiske efferent fibre tilhørende Vagus nerve
- Thoracolumbar sympatisks
- central ganglia
- prevertebral plexuses
- sympatisk trunks (truncus sympathicus; gangliated cord)
- ganglion impar
- Connections with the Spinal nerver
- gray og white rami communicantes
- central ganglia
the cephalic del tilhørende sympatisk system (Gray's s215)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- internal carotid nerve
- internal carotid plexus (plexus caroticus internus; carotid plexus)
- carotid ganglion
- deep petrosal
- caroticotympanic
- cavernous plexus (plexus cavernosus)
- filaments of connection
- terminal filaments
the cervical del tilhørende sympatisk system (Gray's s216)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- superior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale superius)
- Inferior branch
- Lateral branches (external branches)
- Medial branches (internal branches)
- laryngopharyngeal branches (rami laryngopharyngei)
- superior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale superius)
- pharyngeal plexus
- superior cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus superior)
- Anterior branches (nn. carotici externi)
- external petrosal nerve
- middle cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale medium)
- Middle cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus medius; great cardiac nerve)
- inferior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale inferius)
- inferior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale inferius)
- ansa subclavia (Vieussenii)
- inferior cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus inferior)
- offsets to bloodvessels
the thoracic del tilhørende sympatisk system (Gray's s217)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- branches from the upper five ganglia
- branches from the lower seven ganglia
- greater splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus major; great splanchnic nerve)
- ganglion splanchnicum
- lesser splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus minor)
- lowest splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus imus; least splanchnic nerve)
=== Den abdominale del av det sympatiske nerverystem (Gray's s218)===
- Pars Abdominalis S. Sympathici; Lumbar del of Gangliated cord
the pelvic del tilhørende sympatisk system (Gray's s219)
[rediger | rediger kilde]the great plexuses tilhørende sympatisk system (Gray's s220)
[rediger | rediger kilde]- Cardiac plexus (Plexus Cardiacus)
- Cardiac plexus (Plexus Cardiacus)
- Posterior coronary plexus (plexus coronarius posterior; left coronary plexus)
- Anterior coronary plexus (plexus coronarius anterior; right coronary plexus)
- Celiac plexus (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus)
- Celiac ganglia (ganglia cæliaca; semilunar ganglia)
- aorticorenal ganglion
- phrenic plexus (plexus phrenicus)
- Celiac plexus (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus)
- ganglion phrenicum
- hepatic plexus (plexus hepaticus)
- inferior gastric plexus
- lienal plexus (plexus lienalis; splenic plexus)
- Celiac plexus (Plexus Cœliacus; Solar plexus)
- superior gastric plexus (plexus gastricus superior; gastric plexus eller coronary plexus)
- suprarenal plexus (plexus suprarenalis)
- renal plexus (plexus renalis)
- spermatic plexus (plexus spermaticus) / ovarian plexus (plexus arteriæ ovaricæ)
- superior mesenteric plexus (plexus mesentericus superior)
- abdominal aortic plexus (plexus aorticus abdominalis; aortic plexus)
- inferior mesenteric plexus (plexus mesentericus inferior)
- Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
- Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
- Middle hemorrhoidal plexus (plexus hæmorrhoidalis medius)
- Vesical plexus (plexus vesicalis)
- Prostatic plexus (plexus prostaticus)
- Hypogastric plexus (Plexus Hypogastricus)
- lesser cavernous nerver (nn. cavernosi penis minores; small cavernous nerver)
- greater cavernous nerve (n. cavernosus penis major; large cavernous plexus)
- Vaginal plexus
- Uterine plexus