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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Gocht, Alexander; Ciaian, Pavel; Bielza, Maria; Terres, Jean-Michel; Röder, Norbert; Himics, Mihaly; Salputra, Guna |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the economic and environmental impacts of CAP greening. The simulated results reveal that the economic and environmental impacts of CAP greening are rather small. The CAP greening leads to a small increase in prices and a small decrease in production. Farm income slightly increases because the price effects offset the production decline. The environmental effects are positive on a per hectare basis, but the increase in UAA can reverse the sign for total impacts. GHG and ammonia emissions decrease in the EU, while the total N surplus, soil erosion and biodiversity-friendly farming practices slightly increase. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261424&r=env |
| By: | CORSI, ALESSANDRO; NOVELLI, SILVIA; BIAGINI, DAVIDE |
| Abstract: | Agriculture is among the major contributors to climate change, accounting for 24 percent of global CO2 emissions. Within the agricultural sector, livestock has a major role in greenhouse gas emissions. However, animal husbandry also affects the environment through nitrogen leaching to water tables from manure and slurry spread or stored on the soil. Both impacts can be diminished by appropriate practices, concerning the effluents storage and the modalities of their spreading on the soil. We investigate to what extent farmers adopt such practices and, more importantly, which are farm and farmers’ characteristics more conducive to the adoption of such practices. In particular, given the predominance of small farms in Italian agriculture, we assess the effect of farm size on the adoption of appropriate practices. To this purpose, we estimate ordered and binomial probit models of the adoption of virtuous practices from data of the 2010 Agricultural Census in Piedmont (Italy). The results suggest that, in general, larger farms are more likely to adopt virtuous practices, but the effect of farm size is nevertheless rather weak. Technical and cost issues linked to the physical conditions (location in hills and mountains) are apparently a relevant impediment to these practices. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276182&r=env |
| By: | Elizabeth Baldwin; Yongyang Cai; Karlygash Kuralbayeva |
| Abstract: | We investigate how irreversibility in “dirty” and “clean” capital stocks affectsoptimal climate policy, from both theoretical and numerical perspectives. An increasing carbon tax will reduce investments in assets that pollute, and so reduce emissions in the short term: our “irreversibility effect”. As such the “Green Paradox” has a converse if we focus on demand side capital stock effects. We also show that the optimal subsidy increases with the deployment rate: our “acceleration effect”. Considering second-best settings, we show that, although carbon taxes achieve stringent targets more efficiently, infact renewable subsidies deliver higher welfare when policy is more mild. |
| Keywords: | Infrastructure; Clean and Dirty Energy Inputs; Renewable Energy; Stranded Assets; Carbon Budget; Climate Change Policies; Green Paradox |
| JEL: | O44 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oxf:oxcrwp:204&r=env |
| By: | Munoz, John (Stanford University); Olzak, Susan (Stanford University); Soule, Sarah A. (Stanford University) |
| Abstract: | A major goal of the environmental movement is to conserve or improve the natural environment, but evidence showing that environmental mobilization produces positive environmental outcomes is mixed. This paper addresses a fundamental question about the relative impact of pro-environmental mobilization and the scope of an environmental policy regime on the natural environment. Using panel data at the state level from 1990-2007, we explore how environmental protest and environmental policies independently (or jointly) reduce CO2 emissions in U.S. states. We find that the level of emissions in a state declines in states with increases in pro-environmental protest, net of the effects of the range of environmental policies enacted, gasoline taxes, liberal attitudes, reliance on the fossil fuel industry, number of registered lobbyist organizations, average state product, and population size. |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:stabus:3698&r=env |
| By: | Elliott, John; Image, Mike |
| Abstract: | The Green Low-Carbon Agri-Environment Scheme (GLAS) is the main agri-environment scheme (AES) in Ireland, funded under the CAP rural development programme (RDP) 2014-2020. GLAS was designed to support and encourage more sustainable production practices at farm level and underpins a range of over-arching environmental objectives as set down in EU Directives and National and International Strategies. AES have been widely used as a policy instrument to deliver environmental protection and enhancement on commercial farms, above and beyond the regulatory baseline. To be effective, this requires a number of individual land managers within a given landscape or catchment to voluntarily participate in schemes and select and implement an appropriate mix of actions over time. There is a wealth of literature on the design of agri- environmental schemes based on theories of behaviour change (scheme uptake and attitudinal change) and how to affect environmental change (effectiveness of actions at site and landscape scale). This paper considers both. In 2015, ADAS and Scott Cawley were contracted to undertake the monitoring and evaluation of GLAS to evaluate scheme structure, composition and effectiveness. The approach started with a detailed literature review of the existing research on agri-environment measures in Ireland and the development of a sampling plan and protocols for a longitudinal (5 year) field-based assessment of GLAS actions targeting biodiversity. Actions for water and climate change are being assessed through a modelling approach, using FARMSCOPER, a decision support tool to assess diffuse agricultural pollutant loads to water and air. The work also includes an attitudinal survey of the GLAS sample farmers as well as a counterfactual group (non-participants) to understand farmer motivations to participate in the scheme, secure feedback on their experience and identify influences of participation on environmental behaviour. Critically, all elements measure change over time (3 field surveys and 2 attitudinal surveys) and include a baseline assessment, while the evaluation of motivations and influence on attitudes is an important element for a voluntary scheme. A desk-based evaluation of GLAS will provide evidence of scheme impact for the 2019 enhanced RDP reporting and make recommendations for future agri-environment schemes. The baseline field survey has been completed on a sample of 313 farms, using ‘Measures of Success’ for 26 actions to assess site condition and action implementation. Bird actions and simple habitat actions were generally well implemented and most measures of success were met but this was less so for more complex habitat actions. The attitudinal survey found that half of scheme participants were part-time farmers, mainly cattle rearing (37%) and mixed livestock farms (31%) and key reasons for participation in GLAS were financial. For water and climate change, the model development provides a spatially explicit baseline assessment of pollutants. Catchment scale impact is based on action uptake by farm type for each WFD waterbody at Ireland level. Nationally 32% of agricultural land is in the GLAS scheme but only 13% of farms are specialist dairying and this is expected to limit the contribution to mitigating the impacts of agriculture on water quality and climate change. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276181&r=env |
| By: | Duffy, Colm; O’Donoghue, Cathal; Ryan, Mary; Kilcline, Kevin; Upton, Vincent; Spillane, Charles |
| Abstract: | For the first time, afforestation in Europe will contribute towards the achievement of European Union (EU) Paris Agreement commitments. The increase in afforestation across Europe may have unintended environmental trade-offs. Afforestation, agriculture and other land uses can have a significant impact on water quality outcomes. In Europe, over 70 percent of land use is dominated by forest cover and agriculture and up to 18 percent of the population rely on Independent Waste Water Treatment Systems (IWWTS). While much of the previous forestry research has focused on the potential negative impacts of afforestation and harvesting on water quality, this study investigates the impact of afforestation and forest cover (in a predominantly agricultural setting) on water quality over a 20-year period. In addition, we present an analysis of a land use change simulation on water quality outcomes resulting from an increase in afforestation and forest cover and a corresponding decrease in agricultural area. The results show a net gain in terms of water quality outcomes when agricultural land use is replaced by forestry. Such findings have important implications for future land use planning and the delivery of ecosystem services from different land uses. |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276187&r=env |
| By: | Bayramoglu, Basak; Chakir, Raja; Lungarska, Anna |
| Abstract: | Since the mid 1980s, freshwater ecosystems have experienced larger declines in biodiversity than terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Pressures on freshwater ecosystems are mainly human-induced and driven by land use changes. The objective of this paper is to evaluate how land-use adaptation to climate change affects freshwater ecosystems in France. For this purpose, we use data on land use shares (agriculture, pasture, forest and urban) and on an indicator of the ecological status of surface water, namely a fish-based index (FBI) measured for various French rivers observed between 2001 and 2013. We estimate two models: a spatial econometric land use share model and a statistical spatial panel FBI model. The land use share model describes how land use is affected by economic, physical and demographic factors, while the FBI model explains the spatial and temporal distribution of the FBI score by land use and pedo-climatic variables. Our estimation results indicate that land-use adaptation to climate change reduces freshwater biodiversity. We use our estimation results to analyze how two command-and-control policy options could help France to comply with the EU Water Framework directive and mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on freshwater biodiversity. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261440&r=env |
| By: | Ke Wang; Jiayu Wang; Yi-Ming Wei; Chi Zhang |
| Abstract: | Environmentally extended input-output table (EEIOT), a balanced matrix of industrial commodity and environmental resources, is widely used to evaluate environmental policy impacts. However, the existing EEIOTs contain energy consumption and pollution emission but neglect emission abatement cost and benefit. In this study, a novel Chinese emission abatement sector extended input-output table (EAS-IOT) is developed through introducing abatement cost, emission charge and abatement benefit into the conventional input-output table. Furthermore, this new EAS-IOT is applied to estimate the environmental efficiency and assess the effects of environmental policies on economy and environment. Results show that the new framework of EAS-IOT has advantage on solving the problem of biased efficiency estimation related to the conventional input-output table. |
| Keywords: | Data on emission abatement cost and benefit; extended input-output table; emission abatement sector; environmental policy |
| JEL: | Q54 Q40 |
| Date: | 2018–09–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:biw:wpaper:119&r=env |
| By: | Hilde Remøy; Vincent Steenkamp; Philip Koppels |
| Abstract: | National governments and local authorities worldwide aim at reducing building related energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve a climate neutral built environment in 2050, the Netherlands must decrease its emissions by 80-95%. This challenge requires an approach that combines governmental means and market approaches. Green building certificates is an instrument that can contribute to accelerate the transition towards a green built environment. An extensive body of knowledge on green building certificates already exists and covers topics varying from research on drivers and barriers to financial implications for building values and rents.This research builds on prior research on the environmental awareness of corporate real estate organisations, research on drivers for obtaining green building certificates, and financial and reputational effects. There is a lack of insight in the effects of green building certificates on the building value, business performance and capital justification for users, owners and financers of office buildings in use. In comparison with new buildings, certification of buildings in use must comply with the demands of all stakeholders involved. Rents cannot simply be increased after a building is certified because of running contracts between the tenant and building owner. Moreover, it can be questioned if a rent premium is justified as a certificate does not change the physical attributes of the building, neither does it contribute to increase productivity, nor reduce operation costs. This research aims to answer the following question: How do green building certificates affect the building and organisation of tenants, owners and financers of in use office buildings? The main goal of this paper is to identify and explain the effects on the building and organisation of tenants, owners and financiers of office buildings that are certified while already in use. Based on a literature review, theory is developed. The research is conducted using a multi-method research approach that combines semi-structured interviews with case studies and a questionnaire. Finally, findings are compared and evaluated by an expert panel. |
| Keywords: | Building Adaptation; Green Building; Office Buildings; Property Management; Sustainable Building |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2018–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2018_264&r=env |
| By: | Rick can der Ploeg |
| Abstract: | A cap on global warming implies a tighter carbond bufget which can be enforced with a crecible second-best renewable energy subsidy design to lock up fossil fuel and curb manipulative emissions. Such a subsidy brings forward the end of hte fossil fuel era, but accelerates fossil fuel exctraction and global warming in the short run. A weaker fossil fuel oligopoly implies that anticipation of the a given global carbon budget induces fossil producers to deplete reserves more voraciously and accelerate global warming. This ran to burn the last ton o carbon is more intensive for the feedback than open-loop Nash equilibrium, so that the Green Paradox effect of a renewable energy subsidy is stronger. There is an intermideiate phase of limit pricing to keep renewable energy prodyucers at bay, which becomes much more relevant when a cap on global warming is enforced. A stronger fossil fuel oligopoly lengthens the period of limit pricing and typically brings forward the carbon-free era. Finally, the mere risk of a cap on global warming being enforced at some uknown, future date makes fossil fuel extraction more voracious and accelerates global warming. |
| Keywords: | Second-best climate policy, Green Paradox, carbon budget, strnaded assets, oligopolistic resource marker, limit pricing, voracious extraction, regime shift |
| JEL: | H21 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oxf:oxcrwp:201&r=env |
| By: | Ton S. van den Bremer; Rick van der Ploeg |
| Abstract: | Leading-order results from asymptotic analysis for the optimal price of carbon under uncertainty are derived from a macroeconomic continuous-time DSGE model with AK growth, energy use, adjustment costs, recursive utility and costs of global warming. We consider non-climatic productivity growth uncertainty, atmospheric carbon uncertainty, climate sensitivity uncertainty and climate damage uncertainty. Explicit expressions are derived that show the leading-order dependence of the optimal carbon price on these uncertainties, the various climate betas, risk aversion, intergenerational inequality aversion and convexity of the climate damage specification. Our solution allows for skewness and mean reversion in stochastic shocks to the climate sensitivity and damage coefficients. The resulting rule for the optimal risk-adjusted carbon price incorporates precautionary, risk-insurance and risk-exposure effects to deal with future economic and climatic risks. The stochastic processes are calibrated and used to estimate and interpret the impact of each source of uncertainty on the optimal risk-adjusted carbon price. |
| Keywords: | social cost of carbon, precaution, insurance, economic and climatic uncertainties, skewness, mean reversion, climate betas, risk aversion, prudence, intertemporal substitution, intergenerational inequality aversion, convex damages, DSGE |
| JEL: | H21 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oxf:oxcrwp:203&r=env |
| By: | Kubitza, Christoph; Krishna, Vijesh; Urban, Kira; Qaim, Matin |
| Abstract: | The expansion of agricultural land remains one of the main drivers of deforestation in tropical regions, with severe negative environmental consequences. Stronger land property rights could possibly enable farmers to increase input intensity and productivity on the already cultivated land, thus reducing incentives to expand their farms by deforesting additional land. This hypothesis is tested with data from a panel survey of farm households in Sumatra, Indonesia, one of the hotspots of recent rainforest loss due to agricultural area expansion. The survey data are combined with satellite imageries to account for spatial patterns, such as historical forest locations. Results show that plots for which farmers hold formal land titles are cultivated more intensively than untitled plots, even after controlling for other relevant factors. Land titles also contribute to higher crop yields, hence confirming expectations. However, due to land policy restrictions, farmers located at the historic forest margins often do not hold formal titles for the land they cultivate. Without land titles, these farmers are less able to intensify and more likely to expand into the surrounding forest land to increase agricultural output. Indeed, forest closeness and past deforestation activities by households are found to be positively associated with current farm size. The findings suggest that the observed land policy restrictions are not conducive for forest conservation. In addition to improving farmer’s access to land titles for non-forest land, better recognition of customary land rights and moreeffective protection of forest land without recognized claims could be useful policy responses. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261166&r=env |
| By: | Mili, Samir; Martínez-Vega, Javier |
| Abstract: | We provide a sustainability assessment of Spanish agriculture at provincial scale using a multidimensional set of indicators selected according to established frameworks for sustainable development, their relevance in the Spanish context and data availability. Results point to the existence of four clusters of provinces according to their performance in terms of agricultural sustainability. Higher economic sustainability in provincial agriculture seems to be mostly associated to more intensive use of agricultural labour and agricultural machinery and where wealth growth is faster. Social sustainability seems to be linked to higher diversification of economic activities and quality productions under PDO and PGI. Best environmental sustainability is achieved where the extension of agricultural land is larger, where less agricultural area is burned, and where there is better carbon stock and sequestration by agricultural ecosystems. It is expected that results could improve policy coherence and decision- making for more sustainable agricultural systems in Spanish regions. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276206&r=env |
| By: | Frederick van der Ploeg; Armon Rezai |
| Abstract: | A simple rule for the optimal global price of carbon is presented, which captures the geo-physical, economic, and ethical drivers of climate policy as well as the effect of uncertainty about future growth of consumption. There is also a discussion of the optimal carbon budget and the amount of unburnable carbon and stranded fossil fuel reserves and a back-on-the-envelope expression are given for calculating these. It is also shown how one can derive the end of the carbon era and peak warming. This simple arithmetic for determining climate policy is meant to complement the simulations of large-scale integrated assessment model, and to give analytical understanding of the key determinants of climate policy. The simple rules perform very well in a full integrated assessment model. It is also shown how to take account of a 2°C upper limit on global warming. Steady increases in energy efficiency do not affect the optimal price of carbon, but postpones the carbon-free era somewhat and if technical progress in renewables and economic growth are strong leads to substantially lower cumulative emissions and lower peak global warming. |
| Keywords: | social cost of carbon, climate ethics, prudence, carbon budget, peak warming, end of carbon era, stranded assets, simple rules, energy efficiency |
| JEL: | H21 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oxf:oxcrwp:197&r=env |
| By: | Ang, Frederic; Dakpo, Hervé |
| Abstract: | Abstract. A growing population leads to rising food demand, which requires a substantial increase in food supply. However, agricultural production is often an important driver of environmental problems. The ”Sustainable Intensifica- tion” (SI) paradigm envisions the process of increasing production from existing farmland while minimizing pressure on the environment. This paper quantita- tively assesses the global progress towards SI for the period 1961−2014, using an environmental Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index that incorporates green- house gas emission. Although the environmental TFP index increases in this period, there is substantial heterogeneity. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276190&r=env |
| By: | Vårdal, Erling; Blandford, David; Gaasland, Ivar |
| Abstract: | At the UN climate change conference in Paris in November 2015, Norway committed itself to a 40% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Agriculture accounts for 8% of Norway’s total GHG emissions. If GHGs from drained and cultivated wetland (categorized under land use, land use change and forestry) are included, the share is 13%; this for a sector that accounts for roughly 0.3% of GDP. As is the case in most countries, agriculture is currently exempt from emission reduction measures, including the European Union’s Emissions Trading System (ETS), in which Norway participates. But the country has recently signaled its intention to include agriculture in future emission reduction efforts. Consideration is being given to how best to achieve GHG reductions in the sector. A recent report by the Norwegian Green Tax Commission, established by the government to evaluate policy options for achieving emission reductions, (Government of Norway, 2015) emphasizes the importance of including agriculture. The Commission suggests that agricultural emissions should be taxed at the same rate as for other sectors. It also recommends that reductions in the production and consumption of red meat should be specifically targeted, through cuts in production grants to farmers and the imposition of consumption taxes. Unsurprisingly, this proposed policy shift is extremely controversial and faces resistance, particularly from the farmers’ unions. Farmers argue that the maintenance of domestic agricultural production is crucial for achieving national food security objectives, in addition to pursuing other aims such as the maintenance of economic activity in rural areas and landscape preservation. Food security, which has been a key policy objective since the end of the Second World War, has been interpreted in Norway as requiring high levels of selfsufficiency in basic agricultural commodities. To achieve this, substantial subsidies are provided to farmers and domestic prices of many commodities are kept at high levels by restricting imports. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) estimates that the total financial support provided to Norwegian agriculture in 2015 was equivalent to 62% of the value of gross farm receipts, which made Norway (along with Switzerland) a leader in the amount of support provided to agriculture by the 50 OECD member and non-member countries monitored by the Organization (OECD, 2016). In this paper we analyze policy options for achieving a 40% reduction in agricultural GHG emissions, consistent with the economy-wide target, while imposing the restriction that national food production measured in calories should be maintained (the food security target). This is consistent with the way that the Norwegian government identifies the country’s food security objective. In section 2 we outline the current situation with respect to GHG emissions in Norwegian agriculture. In section 3 we illustrate the policy issues involved by considering two product aggregates that are intensive in the use of land for crop production (grainland) and grassland, respectively. The aggregates are based on data for the main commodities in Norwegian agriculture relating to GHG emissions, land use, caloric content, subsidies, and costs per unit of production. We show that even though the opportunity set (i.e., the production combinations that are possible within technical constraints) is narrow, a 40% cut in emissions is achievable by substituting from ruminant products that are intensive in the use of grassland to products based on grainland. We also show that the emissions reduction both reduces government budgetary costs and land use, i.e., ruminant products are characterized by relatively high subsidies and land use. Two-dimensional analysis ignores the fact that per unit emissions from dairy production are low compared to other ruminant products (i.e., beef and sheep production). Both in terms of production value and agricultural employment, dairy farming is the most important component of Norwegian agriculture. Consequently, milk production deserves to be separated from ruminant meat production. Finally in section 4, we present a detailed analysis 3 of policy options derived from a disaggregated model that includes all the major products in Norwegian agriculture. In the model-based analysis, we examine first the imposition of a carbon tax, while maintaining existing agricultural support policies and import protection, and achieving the food security (production of calories) target. Since the imposition of a carbon tax in agriculture presents both technical and political challenges, we then examine an alternative approach of changing the existing structure of agricultural support to approximate the same result. We show that it is possible to change current subsidy rates to mimic the carbon tax and calorie target solution. The explanation for this is that ruminant products not only generate high emissions per produced calorie, but they are also the most highly subsidized products. Meat from ruminants is relatively unimportant in achieving Norway’s food security objective of calorie availability. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260829&r=env |
| By: | Martínez Ros, Ester; Kesidou, Effie; García-Quevedo, Jose |
| Abstract: | Building on insights from institutional theory, the resource-based view of the firm, and internationalisation, we seek to explain the variation in the adoption of organisational eco-innovations such as environmental management systems (EMS) across sectors in Spain in the period 2009&-2014. Previous studies on eco-innovation report that regulatory push/pull, technology-push, market-pull, and firm factors are drivers of this process. However, this literature pays relatively little attention to non-technological forms of eco-innovation, such as EMS. As a result, just how EMS adoption can be encouraged across sectors remains unclear in the innovation literature. Here, we seek to address this problem by combining data from the following sources: the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel, the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) survey, the Industry Survey, the Environmental Protection Survey, and the Air Emissions Account. The results of the econometric analysis of panel data reveal that, first, coercive institutional pressures are driving the adoption of EMS reflecting differences across sectors in energy and pollution intensity. Second, the adoption of ISO 9000 &- a highly institutionalised system of quality management &- increases the adoption of EMS in each industry because of complementarities between the two systems. Third, sectors with a high percentage of internationalised firms operate a higher number of EMS. |
| Keywords: | EMS; Panel data; Internationalisation; Institutional theory; Eco-innovation |
| JEL: | Q58 Q50 O30 |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:idrepe:27380&r=env |
| By: | Sissoko, Mamadou; Castiaux, Annick |
| Abstract: | We analyze a case of frugal innovation. We look at the innovation process that led to the creation of a motorized seeder in Mali to face the climate change, and we explore its antecedents, enablers and consequences. Thanks to an in-depth qualitative case study and literature review, we analyze our case with the purpose of better understanding the process itself and the elements that play a key role. After having discussed what frugal innovation is and how it relates to sustainability, we develop several contributions. Firstly, we open the black box of sustainable frugal innovation process. Secondly, the paper shows particularly how antecedents such as resources scarcity, institutional voids, and social problems, are considered in the whole innovation process. A third contribution is to put into evidence the importance of bricolage, frugality and eco-friendly practices, as well as the key role of collaboration, as crucial enablers and as key mechanisms in the innovation process. Finally, our analysis of the main impacts of sustainable frugal innovation in the context of our case allows to advance the debate of innovation for sustainability (economically, socially and environmentally), in addition its impacts in terms of reinforcement of market institutions, continued collaboration and customers consumption behavior (e.g. co-consumption). We conclude our contribution by proposing a model taking into account the different elements identified through our study. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276195&r=env |
| By: | Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso |
| Abstract: | This report aims to test whether the inclusion of environmental provisions in Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) has contributed to the improvement of environmental quality among the Parties to these agreements through empirical modelling and analysis. Three indicators are considered as a proxy for environmental quality: concentrations of suspended particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx). |
| Keywords: | environment policy, environmental provisions, free trade agreements, Regional trade agreements, trade and environment, trade policy |
| JEL: | F13 F18 Q56 Q58 R11 |
| Date: | 2018–09–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:traaaa:2018/02-en&r=env |
| By: | Ina Tetsman (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University); Kristina Bazienė (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University); Gintas Viselga (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University) |
| Abstract: | Technological entrepreneurship plays increasing role in our path towards sustainble economy. Tires, stored in landfills, pose a risk to human health and environment. There may be long and dangerous fires, combustion process produces pollution, extremely dangerous to human health and environment. Therefore, in order to reduce the surplus of tires in landfills, this work investigates the dependence of tyre tread crushed machine output on the usage of the saws with different technical characteristics as well as the dependence of the machine output on the feed rate and the crushed cutting angle. The temperature dependence on the crushed cutting angle and feed is investigated. The particle sizes obtained during tyre tread crushed are also analysed. The study showed that the maximum machine output is 502 g/min, and as much as 62% of the resulting particle sizes are up to 0.63 mm, which is the most suitable size for the use as an adsorbent for oil products. It was established that the increase of the crushed cutting angle leads to the increase of the temperature of the circular saw by 26%. |
| Keywords: | technological entrepeneurship,tires,crushed,sustainability,production |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01861035&r=env |
| By: | SALVIONI, CRISTINA; FORMATO, GIOVANNI |
| Abstract: | Invasive alien species (IAS) are recognized as a key pressure on biodiversity and a priority for action by the European Commission. While in the past the impacts of IAS were underestimates, now there is general concern on this matter. The final goal is to reduce their potential ecological and economic impacts. Moreover, there is the common idea, shared among EU Member States, that IAS require major expenditures on projects focused on prevention, control and mitigation activities. The internationally agreed hierarchical approach to reduce and control IAS includes three distinct types of measures: prevention, early detection, and rapid eradication. Another goal of the European Union is to avoid any further the spread of those IAS that are already well-established in the EU to minimize the harm they can cause. The costs associated with the application of this approach are evaluated differently according to stakeholder positions but include damage to existing economic interests. This is frequent cause of conflict in IAS management. In addition to this, responsibility for IAS control is shared between various sectors at various levels and this is cause of institutional and administrative conflicts of interest. For the management strategy to be effective, stakeholders need to be engaged in the strategy and institutional coordination need to be strengthened. In this paper we explore the case of the introduction in the Calabria region (Italy) in 2014 of the invasive alien specie Small Hive Beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida. Here it become clear that the engagement of stakeholders, together with good institutional coordination are vital to achieve sustainable and proper management in relation to IAS. SHB was first detected in southern Italy in 2014 and, despite the adoption of strong eradication measures, it is so far still present there. Infestations of SHB can cause considerable financial losses to beekeepers and to the Government. The main associated costs for beekeepers are the extra time spent managing the hives to detect and control the beetles, and the losses in honey. In fact, honey that is contaminated by the beetles is no longer saleable being it unpalatable. In the worse cases, A. tumida is able to heavily damage wax comb and reduce honey bee population up to colony losses. In addition to the private costs borne by beekeepers, there are the costs borne by public institutions in charge of IAS control. A surveillance system has been put in place to detect the presence of SHB in Italy. Eradication measures have been applied since 2014, including the destruction of all colonies at apiary sites whenever a single infested colony was found, and compensations paid to beekeepers for the destruction of infested apiaries. These measures resulted in SHB eradication only in the Sicily region. In the Calabria region, even though around 3600 apiaries were destroyed, there is still a low prevalence and slow spread of the pest. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276188&r=env |
| By: | Olabisi, Laura Schmitt; Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda; Olajide, Adeola |
| Abstract: | The impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector in Nigeria going forward are expected to be severe, but so far there is a dearth of systemic analysis of how these impacts would develop over time, or how they would interact with other drivers impacting Nigerian agriculture. Such a systemic analysis could contribute to adaptation efforts by identifying policy mechanisms that serve as system ‘levers’ to effect change given the considerable uncertainty associated with both the socio-economic and ecological aspects of climate change. This study begins to provide a systematic analysis of the impact of climate change on agricultural production in Nigeria using a participatory research method. We convened a workshop of key stakeholders with diverse and in-depth knowledge of Nigerian agriculture in Ibadan, Nigeria, in June, 2016. Using a causal loop diagramming (CLD) technique, we grouped these stakeholders by region and led them through an exercise in which they drew diagrams depicting the barriers to, and opportunities for, Nigerian agricultural development. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development |
| Date: | 2016–09–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miffrp:259066&r=env |
| By: | Lynch, J. |
| Abstract: | A tax on agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been suggested as a potential means of reducing the GHG emissions associated with agriculture and improving the emissions intensity of production. One of several difficulties in implementing such a tax is the potential uncertainty in emissions estimates. This paper explores this topic using Irish dairy farm production and economic data from the 2015 Teagasc National Farm Survey. On-farm agricultural emissions were estimated by applying the National Inventory Report methodologies at farm level, and the uncertainties in total emissions and emissions per unit of milk produced were demonstrated using a Monte Carlo Simulation approach. The average GHG emissions footprint per kg fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) was 1.07 kg CO2e with a relatively small uncertainty range of ± 2.59 %. If taxed at a rate of €20 per tonne of CO2e, a typical farm would have to pay €7141 (± 2.25 %), which could have a significant impact on farm incomes, but is not strongly affected by emissions uncertainties. Therefore, although there would remain a number of difficulties in designing an agricultural emissions tax, the level of uncertainty in emissions does not appear to be a significant barrier in this example. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:276019&r=env |
| By: | Viccaro, Mauro; Rocchi, Benedetto; Cozzi, Mario; Egging, Rudolf G.; Perez-Valdes, Gerardo A.; Romano, Severino |
| Abstract: | The development of bioenergy, as a new business model integrated with environment and territory, may be a valuable opportunity for farmers with positive effects both in socio-economic and environmental terms. However, largescale biomass plantations might increase pressure on the productive land and might cause a substantial increase of food prices. The main goal of the current study is to support the policy decision making in the renewable energy sector by quantitatively assessing impacts of alternative policy instruments at the sub-state regional level. The scenario analysis is performed using a multi-regional multi-sector Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model applied to Basilicata region, Southern Italy, with, given the importance of agriculture in the area, a great deal attention on agricultural production level, food prices and land competition. Results shows that promoting bioenergy sector do not generate negative impact on food price, land use and welfare, supporting the continuation of policies to incentive the bioenergy sector, combining tax policies with other policy tools (e.g. agricultural or climate policies) in order to make the sector more competitive. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261158&r=env |
| By: | Larry Karp (UC Berkeley); Armon Rezai (WU Vienna University of Economics and Bu) |
| Abstract: | People might reduce carbon emissions to protect themselves, their wealth, or future generations from climate damage. An overlapping generations climate model with endogenous asset price and investment levels disentangles these incentives. Asset markets capitalize the future effects of policy, regardless of people’s concern for future generations. These markets can lead self-interested agents to undertake significant abatement. A small climate policy that raises the price of capital increases old agents’ welfare and also increases welfare of young agents with a high intertemporal elasticity of substitution. Climate policy can also have subtle distributional effects across the currently living generations. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:red:sed018:595&r=env |
| By: | Rick van der Ploeg; Armon Rezai |
| Abstract: | With the election of President Trump, climate deniers moved from the fringes to the centre of global policy making and need to be addresses in policy-making. An agnostic approach to policy, base don Pascal's wager, gives a key role to subjective prior porbability beliefs about whether climate deniers are right. Policy makers that assign 10% chance of climate deniers being correct set the global price on carbon to $19.1 per ton of emitted CO2 in 2020. Given that a non-denialist scientist making use of the DICE integrated assessment models sets the price at $21.1/tCO2, agnostics' reflection of remaining scientifc uncertainty leaves climatepolicy essentially unchanged. The robustness of an ambitious climate policy also follows from using the max-min or the min-max regret principle. Letting hte coefficient of relative ambiguity aversion vary from zero corresponding to expected utility analysis to infinity corresponding to the max-min principle, it is possible to show how policy makers dela with findamental climate model uncertainty when they are prepared to assign prior probabilities to differnet views of the works being correct. Allowing for a wide range of sensitivity exercised including damage uncertainty, it turns out that pricing carbon is the robust response under rising climate scepticism. |
| Keywords: | climate model uncertainty, climate scepticism, robust climate policies, max-min, min-max regret, ambiguity aversion, DICE integrated assessment model |
| JEL: | H21 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oxf:oxcrwp:202&r=env |
| By: | Cozzi, Elena; Arfini, Filippo; Donati, Michele; Guareschi, Marianna; Mancini, Maria Cecilia; Menozzi, Davide; Veneziani, Mario |
| Abstract: | Sustainability is a complex concept that deals with different dimensions which are economic, social, environmental, cultural and governance-related. Therefore, the aim of a sustainable production should take into consideration all the inputs (natural and social resources) and a particular attention should be given at their protection in order to let them be reproducible in the long-run. In Geographical Indication (GI) products the aim of developing sustainable food production is evident and tangible. In these products not only the value chain dimension is important, but especially the territorial one. The latter, oft described through the French concept of terroir, strictly relates the product to the producers thanks to the raw materials (for their specific attributes gained due to the geophysical characters) and the know-how (for the attributes, which arise as a consequence of the tradition and the human elements). The objective of the paper is to describe in a comprehensive way a theoretical framework, which includes the variables that affect the sustainability, starting from the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) method proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), aggregating together the distinct dimensions (environmental, economic, social and governance-related). The method described is the one applied at a European Project: Strength to Food, focusing on a specific case-study: the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. The results and the suggestions derived from the observations made on this specific case-study. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276189&r=env |
| By: | Massimo Mariani; Alessandra Caragnano; Marianna Zito; Paola Amoruso |
| Abstract: | In the last decades the themes relative to sustainability have assumed a crucial role in a different context such as social, economic and financial ones; even in Real Estate field, there has been a growing interest towards this issues. In this scenario, in particular as regards Real Estate funds, it’s possible to observe that investment strategies tend to be developed toward a diversifying aim, including a “green” component represented by certified green buildings.In the light of this premise, this research aims at focusing on the specific industry of European Green Reits, defined on the basis of the two European most widespread certifications, LEED and BREEAM, which provide standards for evaluating sustainable buildings from an environmental point of view. In addition to “green” parameters, with reference to the ESG criteria (Environmental, Social and Governance), this research aims also to verify if there is a correlation between the financial performances of the abovementioned Green Reits and their Corporate Governance structure. At this purpose it will be implemented an econometric analysis. The rationale of this research arises from the ambitious aim to investigate the link between sustainability and corporate governance in the specific field of Real Estate. In the existing literature review there is in fact a lack of researches on how corporate governance affects Green Reits economic and financial performances. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Governance; ESG; Green; Performance; REIT |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2018–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2018_261&r=env |
| By: | Margarita Pavlova (The Education University of Hong Kong) |
| Abstract: | This paper adopted a case study approach to explore the role of partnerships between government, industry and education in transforming Hong Kong into a green finance hub. Findings from several interviews with the bank and finance companies in Hong Kong are presented, adding a new dimension to the existing literature in terms of providing new theoretical understanding to current practices with the intention of introducing environmental, social and governance (ESG) or sustainability related programs in the banking and finance industry of Hong Kong. The paper conceptualized existing partnership patterns in the finance industry with the education sector and government across the industry and explored their skills needs for the green economy. The study reported in the paper highlighted that there is need to scale up green finance market development in promoting environmental sustainability in Hong Kong. This requires specific green finance developmental strategies from the government, finance and banking business community as well as the support of partnerships with universities. Our results revealed that vocational professional educational and training providers may not have a significant impact and neither will they share a significant role in greening the finance sector. A theoretical model adopted for the study (quintuple helix model) was used to illustrate the interaction and the flow of knowledge and innovation between different actors in support of sustainable development (Carayannis et. al., 2012). Based on this model, a framework to support effective partnerships for greening the finance industry is suggested. Such actions as the uptake of green bond and social responsible investment and improving disclosure standard of environmental, social and governance aspects in the field are proposed as important aspects for partnerships. |
| Keywords: | Partnership, green economic restructuring in Hong Kong; finance sector, human resource development; education |
| JEL: | O20 Q01 I25 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:7209159&r=env |
| By: | T. Bartosz Kalinowski (Faculty of Management, University of Lodz); Agata Rudnicka (Faculty of Management, University of Lodz); Gra?yna Wieteska (Faculty of Management, University of Lodz); Anna Wronka (Faculty of Management, University of Lodz); Antonio Diglio (Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Naples "Federico II"); Carmela Piccolo (Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Naples "Federico II"); Giuseppe Bruno (Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), University of Naples "Federico II"); Adrian Solomon (South Eastern European Research Centre / The University of Sheffield International Faculty, CITY College); S.C. Lenny Koh (Management School, University of Sheffield); Andrea Genovese (Management School, University of Sheffield) |
| Abstract: | The main purpose of this paper is to identify the competences required for environmentally responsible managers in sustainable supply chain management. The proposed paper will analyze skills needed for green management. Along with theoretical study it will present the research results of the international TrainERGY project (http://www.trainergy-project.eu/) aimed at promoting green thinking among enterprises and academics across four European countries: Poland, United Kingdom, Italy and Greece. The findings of the research cover the differences between countries in terms of managers? environmental skills presence index which is a measure representing presence of particular skills in the surveyed companies. It also highlights the essential directions of a design and a content of the current and future environmental education and practice. |
| Keywords: | environmental management, green management, supply chain management, competences, manager, research |
| JEL: | M10 O13 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:7209477&r=env |
| By: | Puja Singhal |
| Abstract: | Policy makers have long favored command-and-control (CAC) methods to tackle environmental damage. The number of CAC policies devoted to environmental protection has increased steadily since the 1950s and have been a large part of the overall portfolio of environmental laws andregulation in the industrialized world. Schmitt and Schulze (2011) document that between 1970 and 2011 the two most prevalent EU air-pollution control instruments were CAC in nature. Over 50% of the policy instruments were of the CAC type (regulatory, interventionist, and top-down), with emission limits and technical requirements playing the role of the top two. In China and India, most of the environmental legislation also take the form of explicit directives that levy restrictions on both mobile (vehicular) and stationary sources (factories and combustion plants) of pollution (see Tanaka 2014, Greenstone and Hanna 2014).In the last two decades, there has been a notable increase in research evaluating policy and programs for environmental protection. The design of empirical studies emphasizes causal inference by comparing group of regulated (treated) firms with a comparable control group of firms that were not subject to the treatment. As a result, we now have an improved perspective on the causal effects of environmental policy instruments that address industrial pollution. This review discusses some of the implementation details of prominent CAC type regulations and highlights the lessons learned from the empirical evaluation of these initiatives. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwrup:124en&r=env |
| By: | Jaghdani, Tinoush Jamali; Kvartiuk, Vasyl |
| Abstract: | The depletion of groundwater resources due to irrigation water pumping in Iran has become a serious problem which threatens both rural life and sustainable development in the country. The latest estimates show that 70% of groundwater resources have been overexploited in the last 15 years. Intensive and ever-increasing use has become one of the primary reasons behind the devastation of groundwater resources, both quantitatively and qualitatively. For many years, huge energy consumption subsidies (electricity or gasoline) have been provided for pumping irrigation water from aquifers. The resulting cheap energy makes deep water pumping possible and huge investment in deepening and relocating wells feasible. Since the reforms appear to be very difficult to implement on the political level, we focus on the political economy of subsidy provision for irrigation water and energy for pumping in Iran. We analyse how the interests of rural inhabitants are represented in Iranian parliament and examine the decision-making process of the parliamentarians in voting for eliminating the subsidies. Results show that Iranian leaders follow the logic of regime maintenance and may have incentives to strategically overrepresent rural interests in the parliament. Importantly, we found that the decision to support subsidies for irrigation water is motivated by economic factors rather than by ideological incentives. Political economy appears to be a useful framework to understand the obstacles of phasing out subsidies depleting not only ground water resources but the state budget as well. |
| Date: | 2018–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi18:275892&r=env |
| By: | Kucera, Michael |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260540&r=env |
| By: | Ochieng, I.J. |
| Abstract: | For the first time in history, in 2015, a majority of governments across the globe came to a consensus on the way forward in relation to mitigation and adaptation to the effects of climate change. As a response to this, countries set out ambitious national targets towards achievement of the objectives of the Pars Agreement. However, there was no clear approach of how countries would achieve these ambitious targets especially for a country like Kenya which heavily depends on agriculture as a contributor of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The specific objective was to understand how the agricultural sector is dealing with the effects of climate change. The findings of the study indicated that Kenya has set an enabling environment through various policies and legislations that support climate change mitigation and adaptation actions. In addition, The results from the study indicated that Kenya has adopted a sector approach in dealing with matters of climate change and in particular, the agricultural sector has set various guidelines through various laws that promote Climate Smart Agriculture that can be applied in the various County Governments of the Country and for possible replication in other countries across the globe. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:276036&r=env |
| By: | Agustin L. Arcenas (School of Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether climate "shocks" (or short-term but sharp changes in climatic conditions), El Niño and La Niña, have significant impacts on inflation in the country. Using regional panel data and information from PAGASA, this study finds that both of these weather shocks have significant effects on the general price level in the Philippines, along with interest rate, foreign exchange, and unemployment rate. Further, the results also indicate that long-term changes in climatic conditions, specifically average temperature and rainfall, do not have any significant impacts on prices. These findings are consistent with the literature that point to the fact that successful adaptation to long-term changes in climatic conditions negates any potential negative impacts to the economy. The study concludes that adaptation must be expanded not only to respond to long-term changes in climatic conditions, but also to short-term but intense changes in temperature and rainfall. |
| Keywords: | Inflation; El Niño; La Niña; climate change |
| JEL: | Q10 Q11 Q54 E00 |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phs:dpaper:201802&r=env |
| By: | De los Santos, Luis Alberto; Bravo-Ureta, Boris Eduardo; Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan |
| Abstract: | Understanding the impact of programs designed to improve the management of natural resources in agricultural households is a key task to ensure the adoption of sustainable and profitable practices. In this paper, we analyze the economic impact of natural resource technologies delivered during the implementation of POSAF-II in Nicaragua. Results obtained from propensity score matching (PSM), ordinary least squares (OLS), weighted least squares regression (WLS) based on PSM, and instrumental variables (IV) regression indicate that POSAF-II has had a positive impact on the total value of agricultural production of beneficiary farmers. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261282&r=env |
| By: | Tienhaara, Annika; Ahtiainen, Heini; Pouta, Eija |
| Abstract: | Valuing ecosystem services with stated preference methods requires operationalizing these services for the purposes of the survey. This study presents a process for selecting agricultural ecosystem services for attributes of a choice experiment and analyzes how the relevance of these attributes affects respondents’ preferences, allowing for individual preference and scale heterogeneity. The results show that a non-significant cost attribute is associated with low relevance of the attributes, and that respondents who consider the attributes relevant have less uncertainty in their answers. The findings emphasize the importance of attribute selection when the object of the valuation is complex, such as certain ecosystem services. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261433&r=env |
| By: | Desmet, Klaus; Kopp, Robert; Kulp, Scott A.; Nagy, Dávid Krisztián; Oppenheimer, Michael; Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban; Strauss, Benjamin H. |
| Abstract: | Sea-level rise and ensuing permanent coastal inundation will cause spatial shifts in population and economic activity over the next 200 years. Using a highly spatially disaggregated, dynamic model of the world economy that accounts for the dynamics of migration, trade, and innovation, this paper estimates the consequences of probabilistic projections of local sea-level changes under different emissions scenarios. Under an intermediate greenhouse gas concentration trajectory, permanent flooding is projected to reduce global real GDP by an average of 0.19% in present value terms, with welfare declining by 0.24% as people move to places with less attractive amenities. By the year 2200 a projected 1.46% of world population will be displaced. Losses in many coastal localities are more than an order of magnitude larger, with some low-lying urban areas particularly hard hit. When ignoring the dynamic economic adaptation of investment and migration to flooding, the loss in real GDP in 2200 increases from 0.11% to 4.5%. This shows the importance of including dynamic adaptation in future loss models. |
| Keywords: | coastal flooding; Geography; mobility; sea-level rise; Space; spatial growth models; Trade |
| JEL: | F18 F22 F43 Q51 Q54 Q56 R11 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13128&r=env |
| By: | Agustin L. Arcenas (School of Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether changes in climatic conditions significantly contribute to incidence of poverty in the Philippines. Due to the lack of sufficient regional estimates of poverty, this study utilized food cpi data to proxy for poverty level. The relationship between poverty level and food cpi were tested and found to be moving in parallel direction, and hence, could be substituted for each other for this study’s purposes. The relationship between poverty and food prices has also been verified in the literature, as higher food prices is the dominant variable that results in higher poverty levels. The results show that higher agricultural wages as well as extreme climate-influenced shocks such as El Niño and La Niña were significant determinants of poverty. Higher agricultural wage benefits agricultural workers, but the income effect may be small, and that overall, the net effect of is higher food prices that, in turn, exacerbates overall poverty. The negative impact of El Niño and La Niña on food prices (and therefore, poverty level) could be attributed to the consistent and appropriate government response to these weather shocks, which have stabilized supply of food. Government programs to stock up on rice during weather shocks, and the automatic assistance to farmers during calamities, have had the overall effect of neutralizing the potential poverty impacts of climate-related shocks. These are useful insights in carving out a climate-resilient economic development plan, and emphasize the importance of timely and appropriate government action and adaptation programs. |
| Keywords: | Poverty; El Niño; La Niña; climate change; food inflation |
| JEL: | Q11 Q15 Q18 Q20 Q21 Q54 |
| Date: | 2018–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phs:dpaper:201801&r=env |
| By: | PHANTHIPA SRINAMMUANG (Faculty of Business Administration, KASETSART UNIVERSITY); Neungruthai Petcharat (Gulf College of Oman); Neungruthai Petcharat (Gulf College of Oman) |
| Abstract: | This study examines (1) management accountants? roles in driving sustainable success to create a corporate sustainability, (2) environmental information in annual reports based on the indicators of the Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI), and (3) environmental information in the reports and the information identified by the environmental management accounting (EMA) practices. Management accountants drive as a collaborator with a company to provide environmental information incorporating in the reports for investment decisions. A set of survey is created to conduct environmental performance indicators in annual reports of 2011 and 2012 of two-hundred listed companies in Thailand. Regression analysis is considered appropriate for this study to analyse the relationship among variables. The results reveal that environmental information incorporated in annual reports is positively relevant to the indicators of the GRI guidelines. Environmental information in the reports is also significantly related to the data identified based on the EMA practices. Although management accountants are not fully involved in capturing data, they are intending to play an important role in creating sustainable value towards a corporate sustainability. Thus, management accountant?s roles in driving as a collaborator with a company are related to creating a corporate sustainability from promoting environmental sustainability significantly. |
| Keywords: | Management accountants? role, corporate sustainability, Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) practices, Environment Performance Indicators, Thailand |
| JEL: | M41 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:7208951&r=env |
| By: | O'Donoghue, Cathal; Ryan, Mary; Kilcline, Kevin; Daly, Karen; Fenton, Owen; Heanue, Kevin; Kingston, Suzanne; Sherry, Jenny Mac; Murphy, Pat; O’Hora, Denis |
| Abstract: | In this paper we have taken an Innovation Systems approach to examine the structure and function of the Irish Agri-Environmental Knowledge and Innovation System with the aim of improving water quality in Ireland. Utilising a methodology due to Hekkert et al., (2007), we described and analysed the Innovation System under a number of headings, particularly focusing on specific incentives and features. A key part in changing the regulatory or public incentive system is to change the behaviour not only of the farmers but also of the policy makers to facilitate the movement to a more localised approach. The fundamental message of this paper is that improving a complex local environmental externality • Requires local solutions and information and incentives • Taking an Innovation System perspective to the problem solution • Means that changing the behaviour of farmers may involve changing the behaviour of others upstream within the innovation system, requiring an examination of their incentives and motivations • Local information is necessary to facilitate local decisions • While solutions are local, one must by mindful of transaction costs. Where transaction costs higher than the cost of implementation locally, then it may make sense to focus on less targeted measures, particularly in areas with lower risk. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276232&r=env |
| By: | Rick van der Ploeg; Aart de Zeeuw |
| Abstract: | The optimal reaction to a potential productivity shock as a consequence of climate tipping is to substantially tax carbon in order to curb the risk of tipping, but to adjust capital as well in order to smooth consumption when tipping occurs. We also allow for conventional marginal climate damages and decompose the optimal carbon tax in two catastrophe components and the conventional component. We distinguish constant and increasing marginal hazards. Moreover, the productivity catastrophe is compared with recoverable catastrophes and with a shock to the climate sensitivity. Finally, we allow for investments in adaptation capital as an alternative to counter the potential adverse effects of climate tipping. Quantitatively, the results are investigated with a calibrated model for the world economy. |
| Keywords: | Infrastructure; climate tipping point, risk, social cost of carbon, precautionary capital, economic growth |
| JEL: | D81 H20 O40 Q31 Q38 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oxf:oxcrwp:207&r=env |
| By: | Udita Sanga, Laura Schmitt Olabisi, Saweda Liverpool-Tasie |
| Abstract: | Nigeria is the second largest producer of maize on the African continent with more than 5 million hectares of land under maize production and an annual area and yield growth rate of 4.1 % and 2.7% respectively (Beyene et al., 2016). However, maize yields in sub-Saharan African countries, including Nigeria, remain low compared with global averages. Yields may be further impacted by shifts in temperature and rainfall under climate change in the coming several decades, given that most maize in Nigeria is rainfed. We used a system dynamics model combined with stakeholder input to simulate maize production in Kaduna state, Nigeria, under a range of scenarios including 1) adoption of hybrid early maturing maize varieties; 2) optimal fertilizer use; and 3) shifts in climate regimes. System dynamics modeling is a technique which allows researchers to investigate the future state of a complex system with both social and ecological components. Our goal with this model was not to replicate the accuracy of yield prediction generated by data-intensive agronomic models, but to build a tool for supporting policy decisions in the region while incorporating socio-ecological dynamics and stakeholder insights. Overall, the model suggests that agricultural policies with respect to maize production should focus on developing and disseminating knowledge and accessibility of early maturing /drought tolerant maize varieties alongside efforts to promote more efficient integrated fertilizer management strategies (such as mixed organic and conventional fertilizers) which increase the agronomic use efficiency of EM hybrid maize varieties. However, even under these optimal efforts to improve maize production in the face of climate change, maize productivity is expected to first rise, and then decline by mid-century under expected precipitation and temperature shifts, demonstrating an inverted U-shaped curve. In the context of a growing population, and therefore a growing demand for food, in Kaduna and in Nigeria more broadly, the results of this study imply the need for a diversification of the agricultural sector towards staple crops that will be less climate-sensitive than maize. This is consistent with other recent agronomic modeling work in sub-Saharan Africa which has found that climate change could severely impact staple food crop production, even under scenarios of technological advancement and fertilizer use (Ittersum et al. 2016; Sulser et al. 2014). |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development |
| Date: | 2018–03–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miffrp:270646&r=env |
| By: | Fellmann, Thomas; Witzke, Heinz Peter; Weiss, Franz; Perez Dominguez, Ignacio; Barreiro-Hurle, Jesus; Himics, Mihaly; Salputra, Guna; Jansson, Torbjörn |
| Abstract: | We present a further developed CAPRI modelling approach for technological (i.e. technical and management-based) greenhouse gas emission mitigation options. The model is employed to assess the potential of mitigation technologies in EU agriculture by 2030, and how their application could impact agricultural market and emission developments. Scenario results show that without incentives the uptake of the considered technologies is very limited. Setting a 15% emission reduction obligation for EU agriculture is an incentive that triggers technology adoption. Once technology uptake is subsidised, their share in mitigation increases substantially, which considerably decreases any adverse effects on EU production and emission leakage. The results underline the importance of activating and supporting the uptake of mitigation technologies in order to effectively increase agriculture's contribution to emission mitigation in the EU |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260918&r=env |
| By: | Mack, Gabriele; Kohler, Andreas |
| Abstract: | In recent years, concentrate supplementation in milk production has increased worldwide with negative eects on the environment and food security. To counteract this trend, Switzerland introduced an agri-environmental program to support grassland-based milk production in 2014. This paper combines ex-post and ex-ante methods to evaluate short- and long-run eects of this policy on environmental and economic outcomes and to evaluate the policy's contribution to food security. We nd that the policy has no eect on environmental outcomes like ecological area and N surplus but substantial eects on economic outcomes like milk yield per cow and farm income. Furthermore, the program aects food security positively. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261116&r=env |
| By: | Schuler, Johannes; Uthes, Sandra; Porwollik, Vera; Kaiser, Annemarie; Kersebaum, Kurt Christian; Zander, Peter |
| Abstract: | Irrigation is seen as an appropriate adaptation measure to the effects of climate change. However, the costs of irrigation are not always covered by the additional revenue. Based on simulated yields using the crop growth model HERMES for different climate scenarios we estimate the profitability for three typical agricultural crops for different soil quality levels in the federal state of Brandenburg. The results show that not in all cases irrigation can be profitably applied. Medium quality soils are in general the sites that turn irrigation into a profitable revenue. Future crop price increases could turn irrigation more profitable, but the increasing irrigation water demands need to be met by water availability which is already a concern in some regions of Germany. |
| Date: | 2018–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi18:275900&r=env |
| By: | Latruffe, Laure; Dakpo, K.Hervé; Desjeux, Yann; Justinia Hanitravelo, Giffona |
| Abstract: | With a sample of farms in the European Union (EU) and Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data completed by additionally collected data, we illustrate how the effect of farm subsidies on technical efficiency changes when environmental outputs are incorporated in the calculation of technical efficiency. Results indicate that the effect of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) operational subsidies on farm technical efficiency changes when environmental outputs (namely greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen balance and ecological focus areas) are taken into account in the efficiency calculation: some effects change significance, and more importantly, some effects change sign. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260902&r=env |
| By: | Loughrey, Jason; O’Donoghue, Cathal; Meredith, David; Murphy, Ger; Shanahan, Ultan; Miller, Corina |
| Abstract: | A motivation provided for the provision of substantial agricultural subsidies to low income farmers is that it is an effective mechanisms to transfer resources into poorer rural areas. In this study we look at the local impact of a low income farming sector, cattle farming in a typical cattle farming county in the West of Ireland, County Clare. The input-output analysis reveals that cattle farmers in the county purchase and sell approximately 80 per cent of their livestock within the county and rely upon Clare suppliers for almost 90 per cent of their inputs and overheads. We have examined the impact in particular of a reduction in the size of the herd as a direct consequence of requirements to meet national level greenhouse gas emissions targets. The overall impact of such policies is capable of reducing household income within Clare by €9.5 million. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276231&r=env |
| By: | Simioni, Michel; Huiban, Jean Pierre; Mastromarco, Camilla; Musolesi, Antonio |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the impact of pollution abatement investments on the production technology of firms by pursuing two new directions. First, we take advantage of recent econometric developments in productivity and eciency analysis and compare the results obtained with two complementary approaches: parametric stochastic frontier analysis and conditional nonparametric frontier analysis. Second, we focus not only on the average eect but also on its heterogeneity across rms and over time and search for potential nonlinearities. We provide new results suggesting that such an eect is heterogeneous both within rms and over time and indicating that the eect of pollution abatement investments on the production process is not monotonic. These results have relevant implications both for modeling and for the purposes of advice on environmentally friendly policy. |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260833&r=env |
| By: | Van Hertem, Tom; Lague, Simon; Vranken, Erik |
| Abstract: | Sustainable livestock production is needed to feed the growing, wealthier and urbanizing world population. This results in a need for better genetics and a more precise way to monitor them. The challenge and the success of intensive farming will lie in how precisely we can steer the animals towards their genetic potential. Sustainability is however often a subjective phrasing that is hard to quantify by numbers. The continuous automated monitoring of varying needs of individual living farm animals at every moment and anywhere is called Precision Livestock Farming (PLF). Sensors have the potential to replace the eyes, ears and nose of the farmer by continuously assessing different key indicators throughout the production process, 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. The aim of this research is to demonstrate the value of a Business Intelligence product that gathers farm data from automated PLF sensors to score an objective set of measures that provide evidence on sustainability. This information can then be used, not only to improve the various processes that make up good production, but output can also be used in labelling, ‘a license to produce’. The roadmap towards a sustainable on-farm meat production is described hereafter in four categories: production efficiency (also regarded as the indicator for profitability), welfare, health and emissions. Production efficiency Key Production Indicators are generated from data created by Farm Controls that use PLF-sensor technology to monitor production. Typical basic production variables are feed provided, daily growth, water use... For the automated health and welfare assessment, production data will be scored against a predetermined standard, and the current production round will be compared against historical. Emerging PLF sensor technologies use the animal as a sensor to gather evidence on the animals’ bio response to its environment and management by the farmer. Typical examples of health and welfare variables are pig coughs, activity level of the flock, distribution of the flock... The final indicator of sustainable production is emissions, or more commonly accepted the carbon score. For this, a set of production KPI’s will be translated to their equivalent carbon measures. It is important that all stakeholders understand the environmental impact per individual animal and not the production unit as a whole. PLF-technology and continuous monitoring of animal bio responses will improve the understanding of the production process. This will allow the farmer to manage his process by exception. The fact information is created by machines means the system provides an inbuilt efficiency and frequency that cannot be equalled by humans. Current assessment by inspectors takes us so far, but to have sensible dialogue will require rethink, this is where technology will play a significant role. On-farm data collection and sharing will enhance the transparency throughout the production chain and help the consumer make educated decisions. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276210&r=env |
| By: | Jouana, Julia; Ridiera, Aude; Carof, Matthieu |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) relies on imports to meet the protein requirements of livestock. The Common Agricultural Policy aims at improving EU protein self-sufficiency by developing the production of protein-rich crops such as legumes. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impacts of increased protein self-sufficiency through legume development at the regional level. To do so, the SYNERGY bio-economic model is set up. This model accounts for (i) different scales, (ii) different types of farm, (iii) different pedological and climatic conditions and (iv) possible exchanges of organic fertilizers and crops between farms. It analyzes both economic and environmental impacts, in terms of revenues and use of nitrogen. The main assumption is that the complementarity between specialized crop farms and livestock farms can increase protein self-sufficiency while having positive economic and environmental impacts at the regional level. The results show that protein self-sufficiency can be slightly enhanced thanks to exchanges between farms, as long as locally purchased crops are at least 10% cheaper than world purchased ones. This price differential can represent the saving in terms of transport and transaction costs. When local exchanges are possible and a GMO-free certification is set up, legume-based rations are dominant in livestock farms, and the protein self-sufficiency is even more enhanced. In both situations, the economic consequences are positive as incomes increase at the regional level. However, the impacts in term of nitrogen management are more reserved. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276191&r=env |
| By: | Holdorf, Diane |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260506&r=env |
| By: | Hardesty, Shermain |
| Abstract: | Smaller-scale farms in the US are in a tenuous position as they face rising production costs and costs to comply with regulations. Farmland conversion is threatening the vitality of many rural communities. However, over two-thirds of the agritourism operations in California that participated in this study are sustainability motivated; they are seeking economic, social and environmental benefits by operating agritourism enterprises. These sustainability motivated agritourism farms are demographically different and operate differently when compared to other agritourism farms in California. Unlike the European Union, there are few government programs or regulations in the United States that strengthen agritourism opportunities. However, government support for agritourism appears to be growing in California as public interest in local food and sustainable agriculture increases. Collaboration through coordinated promotional efforts and networking is very beneficial to agritourism farms in California. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276207&r=env |
| By: | Jensen, Jørgen Dejgaard; Gylling, Morten |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the sector economic consequences of protein extraction for non-ruminant feeding from grass, using green biorefinery conversion technology to increase domestic self-supply of protein. Impacts for conventional and organic farming are analysed in a partial equilibrium model of the Danish farm sector, which enables assessment of distributional effects between different farm types. The analysis suggests that crop production value and feed costs will increase, leading to a net economic loss in the conventional sector and a small gain for organic farming. Some variation across farm types in terms of adoption of biomass production and economic outcomes were found. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260896&r=env |
| By: | Kruger, Chad |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260497&r=env |
| By: | Rodríguez-Entrena, Macario; Villanueva, Anastasio J.; Gómez-Limón, José A. |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to improve the understanding of attribute non-attendance (ANA) in a choice experiment (CE) investigating farmers’ WTA for participating in agri-environmental schemes in southern Spain. Evidence is found of ANA behaviour for both stated and inferred approaches, with models accounting for ANA clearly outperforming those that do not account for it; however, we produce no conclusive results as to which ANA approach is best. In addition, we investigate sources of observed heterogeneity related to ANA behaviour, our results hinting at a positive relationship between ease of scheme adoption and non-attendance to attributes. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261417&r=env |
| By: | Baldoni, Edoardo; Coderoni, Silvia; Esposti, Roberto |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to assess whether and to what extent the farm-level productivity performance (measured by Total Factor Productivity, TFP) affects the farm-level environmental performance. In particular, the attention focuses on GHG emissions expressed by the farm’s Carbon Footprint (CF). The relationship occurring between these two performance indicators is investigated on a panel of Lombardy farms observed from 2008 to 2013. Once the TFP and the CF have been measured using farm-level data, a dynamic panel model is specified and estimated (via GMM estimation). The dynamic specification allows to take the time dependence of TFP into account while a polynomial form and group-specific effects allow for a specific TFP-CF nexus across heterogeneous farms in terms of size and specialization. Results confirm that a TFP-CF nexus exists but it may significantly differ and also be conflicting across farm typologies. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260895&r=env |
| By: | Zeweld, Woldegebrial; Van Huylenbroeck, Guido; Girmay, Tesfay; Speelman, Stijn |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how socio-psychological issues affect farmers’ decisions to adopt sustainable farming practices using a cross-sectional data from 350 farmers. The data are analysed by multivariate probit and ordered probit models. We find that the probability to adopt sustainable farming practices is affected by education, risk attitudes, information, intentions, social capital and attitudes. The intensity to adopt two and more farming practices jointly is influenced by labour supply, education, livestock ownership, information, risk attitudes, social capital, attitudes, intentions and perceived resource, implying education, social capital, attitudes, risk attitudes and information affect both the probability and the intensity of adoption decisions. Thus, the focus should be given to social and psychological factors to stimulate farmers in dryland and water stressed areas to adopt various sustainable agricultural practices. |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261148&r=env |
| By: | Bharadwaj, Prashant (University of California San Diego); Fenske, James (University of Warwick.); Mirza, Rinchan Ali (University of Namur); Namrata Kala, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | We use a difference in differences approach to show that the adoption of High Yielding Varieties (HYV) reduced infant mortality in India. This holds even comparing children of the same mother. Children of mothers whose characteristics predict higher child mortality, rural children, boys, and low-caste children benefit more from HYV adoption. We find no obvious evidence that parental investments respond to HYV adoption. We find little evidence of selection into child bearing in response to HYV adoption. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1175&r=env |
| By: | Damonte, Gerardo (Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE)); Glave, Manuel (Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE)); Vergara, Karla; Barrio de Mendoza, Rafael |
| Abstract: | Este estudio analiza cómo interactúan las políticas de protección social y las de adaptación al cambio climático. A partir de estudios de caso en la Mancomunidad de Tres Cuencas, se examinan: i) los comportamientos que vienen generando los programas de protección social presentes en la zona de estudio: JUNTOS y Pensión 65; y, ii) si estos aportan a la gestión del riesgo y adaptación al cambio climático en la zona de estudio. Luego, el estudio identifica las brechas que existen para lograr una política de protección social adaptativa y propone un sistema de información que ayude a ofrecer paquetes de programas públicos integrales a las poblaciones vulnerables al cambio climático. |
| Keywords: | Cambio climático, Climate change, Programas sociales, Social programmes, Aid Programmes, Políticas públicas, Public policy, Región Áncash, Perú |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gad:doctra:dt88&r=env |
| By: | Walsh, Margaret |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260537&r=env |
| By: | Guth, Marta Joanna; Czyżewski, Bazyli; Matuszczak, Anna |
| Abstract: | Facing the opinion about the ambiguous impact of decoupled subsidies on productivity, the article aims to check whether there are some CAP programmes contributing to the ‘greening’ trend, which have a positive impact on productivity in FADN regions. A two-stage panel analysis was carried out in the years 2007–2012: in the first stage clusters of regions with significantly different farming were identified; in the second the impact of particular CAP mechanisms on productivity was determined. It is concluded that, depending on the sustainability of farming, there are some CAP ‘green’ programmes which have a positive influence on productivity. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261420&r=env |
| By: | Lema, D.; Egolf, P. |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the potential impact of the recently enacted forest protection laws on the number of forest fires in Argentina. The forest protection laws (at a federal and provincial level) restricts the use of forestry land in several ways, and limit the expansion of the agricultural frontier. This restriction can make forest arson potentially profitable to clear land and to expand the agricultural frontier circumventing the laws. We present a conceptual model based in the economic theory of crime to analyze forest arson decisions, and to predict individual behavior. Using panel data from 2002 to 2014 at a provincial level we present empirical evidence of systematic effects in the occurrence of forest fire as a function of the new regulation and its sequential implementation. Fixed effects and difference-in-differences estimates show that the number of fires increased transitory some 100% -200% in the main crop producer provinces during the law implementation process (2009-2011). |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Development, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:275984&r=env |
| By: | Czyżewski, Bazyli; Kułyk, Piotr; Kryszak, Łukasz |
| Abstract: | Although mainstream economics says that farmland values are determined by the discounted stream of returns, many researchers have identified non-agricultural attributes of land that significantly contribute to its value. It is claimed that in sustainable agriculture, an increasing proportion of the value of land is explained by amenities. It is necessary to consider whether the neoclassical RDM remains applicable to the valuation of farmland. The main aim of this work was to test RDM of Saphiro–Gordon type for farmland prices in Poland. It was found that in spite of changes to the CAP, the RDM continues to perform well. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261270&r=env |
| By: | Moebius-Clune, Bianca |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260492&r=env |
| By: | Diarra, Amadou; Tasie , Oyinkan |
| Abstract: | This paper examines pesticide1 markets and regulations in Ghana. This study explores progress to date in Ghana’s country-level implementation of ECOWAS regional pesticide policies. As part of a seven-country set of comparative case studies, this work collectively aims to explore the reasons for uneven rates of country implementation of regional agricultural input policies. West African countries have long recognized their strong regional interdependencies in agricultural and food markets. For many centuries, long distance trading routes have linked different agro-ecological zones within the region. In more recent years, cross-border movements of people, livestock, farm inputs and outputs have underscored the importance of regional interdependencies for ensuring food security. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development |
| Date: | 2017–08–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miffrp:264391&r=env |
| By: | Bareille, Francois; Letort, Elodie; Dupraz, Pierre |
| Abstract: | Previous studies on productive value of biodiversity underlined the fact that crop diversity increases crop yields. Here, we focus on the management of crop diversity for wheat, winter barley and rapeseed productions, what we call biodiversity productive capacity. We introduce biodiversity productive capacity into a structural dynamic model with supply, variable input demand and acreage functions. We estimate the model on a sample of French farms from 2007 to 2012. We highlight that biodiversity indicators influence the yield of crops and variable input uses. We find evidences that farmers manage their acreage in order to benefit for biodiversity productive capacity. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260894&r=env |
| By: | Guerrero-Baena, Maria Dolores; Villanueva, Anastasio J.; Gómez-Limóna, José A.; Glenk, Klaus |
| Abstract: | In irrigated agricultural systems, the main source of uncertainty to irrigators relates to water supply, as it significantly affects farm income. This paper investigates farmers’ utility changes associated with shifts in the probability density function of water supply leading to a higher water supply reliability (higher mean and lower variance in annual water allotments). A choice experiment relying on a mean-variance approach is applied to the case study of an irrigation district of the Guadalquivir River Basin (southern Spain). To our knowledge, this is the first study using parameters of these probability density functions of water supply as choice experiment attributes to value water supply reliability. Results show that there are different types of farmers according to their willingness to pay (WTP) for improvements in water supply reliability, with some willing to pay nothing (44.9%), others (28.6%) with relatively low WTP, and the remainder of farmers (26.5%) having high WTP. A range of factors influencing farmers’ preferences toward water supply reliability are revealed, with those related to risk exposure to water availability being of special importance. The results will help to design more efficient policy instruments to improve water supply reliability in semi-arid regions. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276193&r=env |
| By: | Van Horne, Beatrice |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260490&r=env |
| By: | Smeets Kristkova, Zuzana; Smeets, Edward; Van Meijl, Hans |
| Abstract: | The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibilities and limitations of avoiding the undesirable effects of energy crops on land use and food security by increasing agricultural productivity through investments in R&D. An extended version of the MAGNET CGE model is used to model the R&D investments in agriculture to compensate the effects of 15 EJ to 100 EJ biomass supply from woody and grassy energy crop plantations. We conclude that investments in agriculture R&D are a potentially effective and low-cost strategy, but early planning and timing of bioenergy policies with investments in R&D in agriculture is essential. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260822&r=env |
| By: | Georgia Warren-Myers; Franz Fuerst; Gideon Aschwanden |
| Abstract: | Property and property values are increasingly threatened by sea level rise impacts. The implications may not necessarily be immediate, but property stakeholders and property values will be affected on multiple levels. If no action is taken, the effect on property values will be through a variety of direct, indirect, immediate and long-term impacts, which may jeopardise our property markets and broader financial structures with the ultimate cost being paid by owners, occupiers and the community. Limited information, lack of full disclosure and transparency of implications of future effects inhibit property stakeholders to identify risks associated with sea level rise to actively respond to mitigate or adapt to potential risks and for this risk to be adequately reflected in values. Albeit sea level rise in many areas won’t necessarily cause full inundation. The sea level rise modelling relied upon at present by Australian governments assumes a ‘flat water’ scenario. Further, with modelling becoming more accurate increases to sea level height expectations grows. Subsequently, current estimates being relied upon grossly underestimates the implications of sea level rise, particularly in the consideration of the impact of new flood levels and storm surges. This paper uses a case study area of the City of Port Phillip, a municipality on the bay in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It uses a bathtub approach using GIS modelling to examine a range of sea level heights and then incorporates existing factors like flooding and storm surge. The initial analysis examines the distribution of all properties affected within the municipality and the exponential increase in affected properties. A hedonic model was then used to examine residential sales prices over 5 years to examine whether existing flooding overlays have an effect on prices and also tested to see whether potential ‘sea level rise’ height was having an effect on sales prices. This is an important consideration for the development of policy and regulations in relation to building development and ownership and occupation. The results highlight that property stakeholders are not considering the risk implications of sea level rise into their property based activities and are under prepared for the future challenges and implications sea level rise and the ancillary effects of future flooding, inundation and storm surge. |
| Keywords: | Risk; Sea level rise; Value |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2018–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2018_192&r=env |
| By: | Bareille, Francois; Dupraz, Pierre |
| Abstract: | Previous studies on the productive value of biodiversity emphasized that crop diversity increases crop yields. Here, we focus on the productivity of crop diversity and permanent grasslands for crops and milk. Using a GMM approach, we estimate detailed production functions using a sample of 3960 mixed farms from the FADN between 2002 and 2013. We highlight that permanent grasslands enhance crop production. We confirm that crop diversity increases crop and milk yields. Permanent grasslands and crop diversity are however substitute inputs. We also find that both of these biodiversity productive capacities influence variable input productivities. These results suggest the potential adaptations of farmers’ choices to environmental measures. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261288&r=env |
| By: | Westman, William W. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao18:272729&r=env |
| By: | Bostian, AJ; Bostian, Moriah; Laukkanen, Marita; Simola, Antti Mikko |
| Abstract: | Environmental management practices for mitigating nutrient runo aect the productivity of agricultural land. Finland's agricultural policy oers a number of such practices, and we use Finnish grain farms as a case study of these productivity impacts. Productivity is endogenous with adoption when decisionmakers can choose from a menu of policy options, but few studies actually address this endogeneity. Our identication strategy thus involves a novel approach for correcting endogeneity, combining classic methods from stochastic frontier analysis and selection models. Using registry data from 2007-2013, we nd that the more ecient farms are also more likely to enroll in management practices. Standard estimates without the endogeneity correction understate productivity losses after adoption. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261154&r=env |
| By: | Hansen, Line Block; Termansen, Mette; Hasler, Berit |
| Abstract: | Degradation of water ecosystem caused by excessive loads of nutrient from agricultural sources continues to be a problem in many countries. Targeted regulation has been suggested for implementation of nitrogen (N) abatement measures to achieve N reductions. Achieving cost-efficient implementation of N abatement actions may depend on farmers’ response to the suggested policy. In this paper we present a method for analysing farmers’ likelihood of engaging in N abatement trading contracts. By use of a hypothetical market experiment we derive the demand and supply functions for Danish farmers. Our findings suggests, that farm and farmer characteristics influence, not only the decision whether to participate or not and whether to supply or sell N abatement, but also on the amounts to be traded. We conclude that introducing trade as an N abatement policy measure involves challenges due to the spatial specificity of the abatement targets leading to small markets and lack of heterogeneity. The results can be used to support the design of policy incentives used to address nutrient reductions. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260887&r=env |
| By: | Henchion, Maeve; Devaney, Laura |
| Abstract: | The bioeconomy presents an opportunity for a transition to a low carbon and circular economy and society, addressing global challenges such as population growth, climate change, biodiversity loss, resource scarcity and food security (Devaney and Henchion, 2018). While various countries and regions have developed national/regional bioeconomy strategies, alternative visions for the bioeconomy exist. These have different aims and objectives, spatial focus, prioritised sources of value creation, and drivers and mediators of innovation (Bugge et al., 2016). However regardless of the vision for the future bioeconomy, research and innovation forms a core element of any resultant strategy. This paper reviews some of the research and innovation (R&I) policy frameworks at European Union (EU) level in relation to the bioeconomy (Devaney and Henchion, 2017). It draws on innovation systems literature (e.g. Coenen et al., 2015) to critically assess the extent to which such policy addresses structural innovation system failures. However in keeping with a view that the development of the bioeconomy involves transformative change and thus demands more from innovation policy than merely correcting structural innovation system failures (Weber and Rohracher, 2012), it also applies a transformational systems analytical framework to EU R&I policy. Results have application for policy makers and other stakeholders in regions/countries seeking to develop a national bioeconomy strategy, and/or to critically reflect on its R&I policy to ensure it supports the achievement of transformative change. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276194&r=env |
| By: | Chatzopoulos, T.; Perez Dominguez, I.; Zampieri, M.; Toreti, A. |
| Abstract: | Economic simulation models typically assume ‘normal’ growing conditions in eliciting agricultural market projections, contain no explicit parameterization of climate extremes on the supply side, and confound multifarious sources of historical yield fluctuation in harvest-failure scenarios. In this paper we augment a partial equilibrium model of global agriculture with a recently developed compound indicator of agroclimatic stress. We perform a multi-scenario analysis where the most extreme temperature and soilmoisture anomalies of the last decades, both negative and positive, recur in the near future. Our results indicate that extreme agroclimatic conditions at the regional level may have significant impacts both on domestic and international wheat and maize markets. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Marketing |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:276039&r=env |
| By: | Ali, Beshir Melkaw; Berentsen, Paul; Bastiaansen, John W.M.; Oude Lansink, Alfons |
| Abstract: | A stochastic bio-economic farm model was developed to assess the impact of innovations on pig farm performance. The model accounts for emissions of greenhouse gases by using the shadow price of CO2 and for stochastic prices. The model was used to assess the impact of using co-products in pigs’ diets on private and social profits for a typical Brazilian farrow-to-finish pig farm. The results show that social profits are 2.2-3.6% lower than private profits in all the standard and alternative cases. The stochasticity of profits is large (with coefficients of variation 52% to 61%) following from the volatility of prices. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261431&r=env |
| By: | Coble, Keith |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao18:272692&r=env |
| By: | Radtke, Jon |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao18:272691&r=env |
| By: | Ifft, Jennifer; Jodlowski, Margaret |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276196&r=env |
| By: | Coderoni, Silvia; Esposti, Roberto |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the possible role played by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Fischler Reform on the agricultural GHG emissions at the farm level. The empirical analysis concerns a balanced panel of Italian Farm Accountancy Data Network farms observed over years 2003-2007. Multinomial Logit models are estimated in sequence to express how the farm level emissions (and the respective production choices) vary over time also in response to CAP expenditure. Results suggest that CAP expenditure had a role in the evolution of the farm-level emissions, though the direction of this effect may differ across farms and deserves further investigation. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260905&r=env |
| By: | Abdelradi, Fadi; Ewiss, Mohamed A. Zaki; Guesmi, Bouali |
| Abstract: | Treated WasteWater (TWW) projects can fail if the factors controlling their implementation are not considered. This paper analyze the findings of a survey (966 participants) conducted to investigate the attitudes of the Egyptian rural public towards TWW use for non-potable applications using a conceptual framework elaborated based on the literature estimated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicate that the factors considered in the analysis of the conceptual framework were found to be relevant in explaining the participants’ behavior towards WasteWater Reuse (WWR). Our findings suggest considering these factor when developing new policies and campaigns for WWR prior to implementation. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261113&r=env |
| By: | Nicholas J. Sitko and T.S. Jayne |
| Abstract: | To cope with and reverse the worrying trend of widespread soil degradation, declining productivity and increased vulnerability of African food systems to climate change requires a holistic approach to sustainable intensification, which recognizes that action is required within the agricultural sector and beyond. This includes approaches that enable farmers to make long-term soil fertility-augmenting investments and more effective public investments that help farmers identify best practices under the wide range of micro-environments in the region. More broadly, it requires developing policies that make labor and financial markets more flexible and supportive of climate-smart outcomes. This may include: 1) substantially increase investments in public agricultural research and participatory extension services in tandem with efforts to identify more effective modes of implementing such programs; 2) prioritize macro-economic stability, with an emphasis on low inflation and borrowing rates, to enable greater investment in the food system and beyond; 3) transform public subsidies in ways that support the development of markets for organic matter, in particular harvest waste from growing urban areas (e.g., livestock production yards, sawdust mills, waste from retail food markets) as sources of organic compost for farm production; 4) develop policy frameworks to legitimize and strengthen emergent land rental markets; 5) improve labor market flexibility and foreign direct investment policies, coupled with a social safety net fund; and 6) substantially reform staple food market policy in order to create a level playing field for alternative crops and livestock systems. Given the enormity of the challenges facing food systems in the context of rapid population growth and climate change, and the importance of collective action in address them, public sector action and effective use of scarce public expenditures to agriculture will be decisive in achieving sustainable agricultural productivity in the r egion. Once enacted, the proposals made here will take time togenerate their full impacts. That is why there is no time to waste in getting started. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development |
| Date: | 2018–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miffrp:270643&r=env |
| By: | Salamon, P.; Angulo, L. |
| Abstract: | The paper analyses effects in the European fish sector which might occur due to technological innovations (pulse trawling in the case plaice) introduced under a regime of output controls to protect fish resources using. A partial equilibrium model (AGMEMOD) which covers among other agri-food products also 8 different fish categories is applied to conduct model simulations for the EU countries and some additional neighbouring countries European countries and the Rest of the world. The paper concentrates on plaice because the categories comprises very few fish species which allows to implement fish quotas and well as technological innovation. Therefore, this technology should contribute with the biomass protection as well as it proclaimed to increase fisher’s profits. Hence, model results indicate production increases may occur due to slight bio mass growth or cost decline until quotas are reached. Hence, all production growth will affect future prices negatively as expected growth of use in European countries is lower than production growth. The implementation of the pulse will enhance the currently existing price pressure whereas the impacts will vary significantly across the different European countries, affected by the size of the margin and the share of energy cost in total cost. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:276024&r=env |
| By: | Bowling, Chip |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260499&r=env |
| By: | Conner Nelms, Jennifer |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260519&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | A tres años del inicio de la implementación de la Agenda 2030, América Latina y el Caribe enfrenta grandes desafíos. Más de la mitad de los países de la región cuentan con mecanismos nacionales de coordinación para la implementación y el seguimiento de dicha Agenda. La mayoría de estos mecanismos han designado a la institución de planificación como coordinadora o responsable técnica encargada de coordinar a los distintos sectores, convocar a los actores y definir las estrategias y alianzas para el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), su monitoreo y la correspondiente rendición de cuentas. La CEPAL propone esta guía metodológica con el objetivo de aportar insumos conceptuales y prácticos que permitan a los países —ya sea a nivel nacional o subnacional— formular estrategias para la implementación de la Agenda 2030. |
| Keywords: | PLANIFICACION DEL DESARROLLO, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, ESTRATEGIAS DEL DESARROLLO, MANUALES, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, MANUALS |
| Date: | 2018–08–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:43963&r=env |
| By: | Kanchanaroek, Yingluck; Aslam, Uzma |
| Abstract: | Incentive based policies can play an important role in improve agricultural sustainability. This paper applies a Choice Experiment approach to elicit small scale farmers’ preferences for a potential policy scheme. Latent class models were used to analyse the farmers’ responses to investigate their preferences, heterogeneity in preferences and the willingness to accept compensations. The results revealed that farmers are willing to participate however; overall they show an aversion to drastic changes in their farming activities. The analysis suggested that majority of the farmers preferred schemes with shorter contract lengths and moderate reduction in chemical use. Furthermore, the study also informs policy makers by identifying the farm and farmer characteristics that influence farmers’ behaviour. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:260888&r=env |
| By: | Rotchés-Ribalta, Roser; Ó hUallacháin, Daire |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276204&r=env |
| By: | Snihur, Yuliya (Toulouse Business School); Thomas, Llewellyn D. W. (LaSalle Universitat Ramon Llull); Burgelman, Robert A. (Stanford University) |
| Abstract: | Based on a longitudinal case study, this paper presents an ecosystem-level process model of the interlocking key activities of the business model disruptor, other ecosystem participants (customers, partners, media, analysts), and the incumbent. Together these constitute a strategic process of ecosystem evolution from incumbent-centered to disruptor-centered. We identify the phenomenon of a "disruptor's gambit," where the disruptor reveals its intentions early on through effective framing, followed by rapid adaptation of its business model to satisfy ecosystem needs. These processes generate a virtuous framing-adaptation cycle, where feed-forward and feedback enable rapid response to customers and partners, while engaging them as force multipliers during new ecosystem creation. Our findings suggest that framing constitutes a dynamic strategic process enabling disruptors to reduce uncertainty, dislodge powerful incumbents, and shape new ecosystems through business model innovation. |
| Date: | 2018–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:stabus:3662&r=env |
| By: | Diallo, Boubacar; Tasie, Oyinkan |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the pesticide1 market and its regulatory framework in the Gambia in relation to regional pesticide policies and markets. In 1974, the Gambia became a member of the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (Comité permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel {CILSS}), and thereby committed to implementing its regulations.2 The CILSS was created in 1973 in response to the devastating drought in the Sahel, and has since produced regulations on pesticides.3 In addition, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) also has regulations on pesticides and the Gambia is a Member State. How these regulations have been implemented in the Gambia is important in determining the level of progress made achieving even implementation of mutually-agreed upon regional pesticide policies. As part of a sevencountry set of comparative case studies, this work collectively aims to explore the reasons for uneven rates of country implementation of regional agricultural input policies. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development |
| Date: | 2017–08–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miffrp:264390&r=env |
| By: | Tomer, Mark |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao18:272711&r=env |
| By: | Lauster, Rebekah |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260552&r=env |
| By: | Wallander, Steven |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260560&r=env |
| By: | Daxini, Amar; O’Donoghue, Cathal; Ryan, Mary; Buckley, Cathal; Barnes, Andrew P. |
| Abstract: | Optimising nutrient management is high on policy agendas of numerous countries. Inappropriate management in agricultural production can result in the risk of nutrient loss to the environment increasing. Best practice nutrient management can help to mitigate this and improve farm productivity and, ultimately economic viability; however, the level of adoption of key practices remains below expectations globally. We apply the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to understand the factors which influence farmers’ intentions to follow a nutrient management plan (NMP) across the Republic of Ireland. We combine the TPB approach with a latent class analysis (LCA) in order to account for unobserved heterogeneity within the sample of farmers. The LCA resulted in a total of three classes based on a number of farm (e.g. system and size) and farmer characteristics (e.g. age and education). Overall, the results suggest that intentions are somewhat similar across classes. However, the attributes of the classes and the factors and their strength of influence on intentions do differ. We find that attitude is a significant and positive predictor of intentions for two of the classes whereas subjective norm (social pressure) and perceived behavioural control (ease/difficulty) are consistent, significant and positive predictors of intentions across the three classes. We also find mixed results in terms of the influence of extension across the three classes. The influence of policy is also accounted for by this study which requires certain farmers in Ireland to adopt a NMP on a mandatory basis. We find that policy is a consistent, significant and positive, predictor of intentions. Policy recommendations are made based on these results. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276183&r=env |
| By: | Carlson, Dee |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao18:272658&r=env |
| By: | Hershner, Steve; Baloch, Tariq; Wagner, Barb; Kuntz, Mike |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Public Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260558&r=env |
| By: | T.S. Jayne, Nicholas J. Sitko, and Nicole M. Mason |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2017–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miffrp:270626&r=env |
| By: | Alvarez, Sergio |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao18:272723&r=env |
| By: | FILIPPI, MARYLINE |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276198&r=env |
| By: | Greene, Catherine; Hitaj, Claudia; Bowman, Maria; Cooke, Bryce; Ferreira, Gustavo; Carlson, Andrea; McBride, William |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao18:272373&r=env |
| By: | Andersson, Fredrik N.G. (Department of Economics, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | This paper considers the potential inflation effects of a global carbon price on consumer prices, investment prices, export prices, and import prices. We estimate the effects under three different scenarios. The results clearly indicate that the inflation effects in developed countries of a 100 USD/ton carbon price are small. For developing countries, the inflation effect is larger and potentially too large for it to be politically feasible to introduce a global carbon price. However, a simple adjustment of the price based on the price level in each country equalizes the inflation effects across all countries, whereby a global carbon price is more likely to be implemented. |
| Keywords: | carbon price; inflation; consumer prices; export prices; imports prices; investment prices; monetary policy |
| JEL: | E31 E52 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2018–09–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lunewp:2018_022&r=env |
| By: | George, Jeff |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260518&r=env |
| By: | Brozovic, Nicholas |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260543&r=env |
| By: | DABAT, Marie-Hélène; ORLANDONI, Olimpia; FABRE, Pierre |
| Abstract: | Authors showed that multiple factors have to be gathered for research to be able to serve development through policy decision. An effective way to bridge applied research and policy in order to maximize mutual benefits is to build a sound and early partnership based on a clear framework so that research can provide relevant “understandable and usable” information to decision-makers. This is the basis on which the Value Chain Analysis for Development (VCA4D) project (2016- 2022) was established. VCA4D is a partnership between the European Commission and Agrinatura, the alliance of European universities working together for agricultural research and education for development. This initiative intends to provide evidence-based knowledge to analyse development impacts of the value chains operations so as to help decision for investment projects in agriculture and to facilitate sectorial policy dialogue. Policy makers consider value chains as strategic elements for their policies. In order to achieve the overarching goal of inclusive and sustainable growth, support to value chains demands for the social, economic and environmental dimensions are thoroughly considered. The objective of this paper is to show how VCA4D applied sustainable development concept for value chain analysis to establish a manageable set of criteria allowing to provide quantitative information, which is desperately lacking in many situations in developing economies, usable by decision makers and in line with policymakers concerns and strategies (the “international development agenda”). The use of researchers to perform the analysis, contributes to the reinforcement of the linkages and mutual understanding between researchers and policy makers. |
| Date: | 2018–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa166:276197&r=env |
| By: | Canali, Gabriele; Facchi, Ilaria |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to develop an effective quantitative method to assess the sustainability of Italian beef cattle rearing while avoiding the complexities connected to greenhouse gases estimation. A methodology based on Principal Component Analysis is utilized to calculate a set of environmental pressure indices using data taken from the FADN database. Results are presented for the single stages of production and methodologies utilized, highlighting significant differences among them that are also confirmed by the available literature in the field. Finally, a ranking of different supply chains casts some doubts on the sustainability of the typical Italian production scheme. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261438&r=env |
| By: | Haggblade, Steven; Diallo, Boubacar; Diarra, Amadou; Keita, Naman; Tasie, Oyinkan; Traoré, Abdramane |
| Abstract: | This paper examines pesticide1 markets and regulations in Mali. As a founding member of CILSS2, Mali has committed to establish national regulatory institutions necessary to implement the common pesticide regulations in force throughout the CILSS region. This study explores progress to date in Mali’s country-level implementation of these mutually agreed-upon regional pesticide policies. As part of a seven-country set of comparative case studies, this work collectively aims to explore the reasons for uneven rates of country implementation of regional agricultural input policies. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, Political Economy |
| Date: | 2017–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miffrp:259550&r=env |
| By: | Clemens, Larry |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao18:272701&r=env |
| By: | Sanou, Awa; Osuntade, Bukola; Liverpool-Tasie, Saweda; Reardon, Thomas |
| Abstract: | The Nigerian poultry sub-sector is experiencing rapid growth and transformation. This is linked to the transformation of diets as incomes and urbanization increase. Poultry is both a protein and income source for many households and the poultry subsector in Nigeria is quite complex. This complexity has several dimensions. First, there is a plethora of segments of the supply chain from inputs to consumers (from upstream to downstream, there are the segments of maize and other ingredient farmers, feed mills, hatcheries of day-old-chicks, the poultry farmers, poultry wholesalers, processors, and retailers). Second, there is a multiplicity of scales of the firms and farms in those segments – small, medium, and large. Third, there are several crucial socioeconomic characteristics of the people managing and working for the farms and firms – the gender and age of actors. Fourth, there is great range and variation in the spatiality of the poultry and egg system, as the above segments span the zones of Nigeria, such as eggs being moved from farmers in the South to retailers in the North, maize from farmers in the north to feed mills in the South, spent layers from farmers in the Southwest to processors in the East, and so on. These four dimensions have significant implications for the dynamics and sustained growth of the subsector (LiverpoolTasie et al., 2016). |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development |
| Date: | 2017–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miffrp:259547&r=env |
| By: | Agnès Durrande-Moreau (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); François Courvoisier; Anne-Marie Bocquet (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc) |
| Abstract: | Tourism linked to agriculture (than can be called agritourism) is today a very dynamic activity, deployed by many territories, but nevertheless poorly documented. This article questions the current dominant approach of agritourism, which seems too restrictive. Based on management science and data collection, this article proposes a new theoretical approach, which is no longer limited to farms but recognizes various types of actors, who work most often in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Following this new approach, recommendations are given to the territories wishing to implement this integrated agritourism. |
| Abstract: | Le tourisme lié à l'agriculture, encore appelé agritourisme, constitue actuellement une activité très dynamique mais relativement peu documentée. L'article remet en question l'approche dominante actuelle de l'agritourisme, jugée trop restrictive, en s'appuyant sur les sciences de gestion ainsi que sur des données de terrain. Il propose une nouvelle approche théorique ne se limitant plus au tourisme à la ferme et appelée « agritourisme intégré », en phase avec le développement durable. Il livre des recommandations pratiques à destination des territoires qui souhaiteraient développer cet agritourisme intégré. |
| Keywords: | Management,Marketing,Sustainable tourism,Farm,agriculture, tourisme durable, agritourisme, ferme, gestion, marketing |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01555233&r=env |
| By: | Kalaitzandonakes, Nicholas |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260544&r=env |
| By: | Brusberg, Mark D. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao18:272710&r=env |
| By: | Luebehusen, Eric |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260509&r=env |
| By: | Bolson, Wes |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260568&r=env |
| By: | Heinze, Katrina |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2017–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao17:260527&r=env |