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Gendered Migration and Agroforestry in Indonesia: Livelihoods, Labor, Know-How, Networks

Author

Listed:
  • Elok Mulyoutami

    (World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Bogor 16001, Indonesia)

  • Betha Lusiana

    (World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Bogor 16001, Indonesia)

  • Meine van Noordwijk

    (World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Bogor 16001, Indonesia
    Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

Abstract
Migration connects land use in areas of origin with areas of new residence, impacting both through individual, gendered choices on the use of land, labor, and knowledge. Synthesizing across two case studies in Indonesia, we focus on five aspects: (i) conditions within the community of origin linked to the reason for people to venture elsewhere, temporarily or permanently; (ii) the changes in the receiving community and its environment, generally in rural areas with lower human population density; (iii) the effect of migration on land use and livelihoods in the areas of origin; (iv) the dynamics of migrants returning with different levels of success; and (v) interactions of migrants in all four aspects with government and other stakeholders of development policies. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions in the study areas showed how decisions vary with gender and age, between individuals, households, and groups of households joining after signs of success. Most of the decision making is linked to perceived poverty, natural resource and land competition, and emergencies, such as natural disasters or increased human conflicts. People returning successfully may help to rebuild the village and its agricultural and agroforestry systems and can invest in social capital (mosques, healthcare, schools).

Suggested Citation

  • Elok Mulyoutami & Betha Lusiana & Meine van Noordwijk, 2020. "Gendered Migration and Agroforestry in Indonesia: Livelihoods, Labor, Know-How, Networks," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:9:y:2020:i:12:p:529-:d:464387
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Meine van Noordwijk, 2021. "Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-8, July.
    3. Sara Ratna Qanti & Alexandra Peralta & Di Zeng, 2022. "Social norms and perceptions drive women’s participation in agricultural decisions in West Java, Indonesia," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 39(2), pages 645-662, June.
    4. Meine van Noordwijk, 2021. "Agroforestry-Based Ecosystem Services: Reconciling Values of Humans and Nature in Sustainable Development," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-24, July.
    5. Mariel, Juliette & Sanchez, Isabelle & Verzelen, Nicolas & Massol, François & Carrière, Stéphanie M. & Labeyrie, Vanesse, 2024. "The role of farmers' networks in sourcing planting material and information in a context of agroforestry transition in Madagascar," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    6. Meine van Noordwijk & Richard Coe & Fergus L. Sinclair & Eike Luedeling & Jules Bayala & Catherine W. Muthuri & Peter Cooper & Roeland Kindt & Lalisa Duguma & Christine Lamanna & Peter A. Minang, 2021. "Climate change adaptation in and through agroforestry: four decades of research initiated by Peter Huxley," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 26(5), pages 1-33, June.
    7. Elisabeth Simelton & Tuan Minh Duong & Ella Houzer, 2021. "When the “Strong Arms” Leave the Farms—Migration, Gender Roles and Risk Reduction in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-30, April.

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