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Bootstrap inference for instrumental variable models with many weak instruments

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  • Wang, Wenjie
  • Kaffo, Maximilien
Abstract
This study’s main contribution is to theoretically analyze the application of bootstrap methods to instrumental variable models when the available instruments may be weak and the number of instruments goes to infinity with the sample size. We demonstrate that a standard residual-based bootstrap procedure cannot consistently estimate the distribution of the limited information maximum likelihood estimator or Fuller (1977) estimator under many/many weak instrument sequence. The primary reason is that the standard procedure fails to capture the instrument strength in the sample adequately. In addition, we consider the restricted efficient (RE) bootstrap of Davidson and MacKinnon (2008, 2010, 2014) that generates bootstrap data under the null (restricted) and uses an efficient estimator of the coefficient of the reduced-form equation (efficient). We find that the RE bootstrap is also invalid; however, it effectively mimics more key features in the limiting distributions of interest, and thus, is less distorted in finite samples than the standard bootstrap procedure. Finally, we propose modified bootstrap procedures that provide a valid distributional approximation for the two estimators with many/many weak instruments. A Monte Carlo experiment shows that hypothesis testing based on the asymptotic normal approximation can have severe size distortions in finite samples. Instead, our modified bootstrap procedures greatly reduce these distortions.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Wenjie & Kaffo, Maximilien, 2016. "Bootstrap inference for instrumental variable models with many weak instruments," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 192(1), pages 231-268.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:econom:v:192:y:2016:i:1:p:231-268
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.12.016
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Dennis Lim & Wenjie Wang & Yichong Zhang, 2022. "A Conditional Linear Combination Test with Many Weak Instruments," Papers 2207.11137, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2023.
    2. Doko Tchatoka, Firmin & Wang, Wenjie, 2021. "Size-corrected Bootstrap Test after Pretesting for Exogeneity with Heteroskedastic or Clustered Data," MPRA Paper 110899, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Wang, Wenjie & Zhang, Yichong, 2024. "Wild bootstrap inference for instrumental variables regressions with weak and few clusters," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 241(1).
    4. Wang, Wenjie, 2022. "Wild bootstrap test of overidentification with many instruments and heteroskedasticity," MPRA Paper 115168, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Zhenhong Huang & Chen Wang & Jianfeng Yao, 2023. "A specification test for the strength of instrumental variables," Papers 2302.14396, arXiv.org.
    6. Weijia Hu & Jining Sun & Yu-En Lin & Jingbo Hu, 2023. "ESG and Investment Efficiency: The Role of Marketing Capability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-19, December.
    7. Marine Carrasco & Guy Tchuente, 2016. "Regularization Based Anderson Rubin Tests for Many Instruments," Studies in Economics 1608, School of Economics, University of Kent.
    8. Manuel Denzer & Constantin Weiser, 2021. "Beyond F-statistic - A General Approach for Assessing Weak Identification," Working Papers 2107, Gutenberg School of Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
    9. Jochmans, Koen & Higgins, Ayden, 2022. "Bootstrap inference for fixed-effect models," TSE Working Papers 22-1328, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), revised Dec 2023.
    10. Wenjie Wang & Yichong Zhang, 2021. "Wild Bootstrap for Instrumental Variables Regressions with Weak and Few Clusters," Papers 2108.13707, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2024.
    11. Lim, Dennis & Wang, Wenjie & Zhang, Yichong, 2024. "A conditional linear combination test with many weak instruments," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 238(2).
    12. Sølvsten, Mikkel, 2020. "Robust estimation with many instruments," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 214(2), pages 495-512.
    13. Kaffo, Maximilien & Wang, Wenjie, 2017. "On bootstrap validity for specification testing with many weak instruments," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 107-111.
    14. Doko Tchatoka, Firmin & Wang, Wenjie, 2021. "Uniform Inference after Pretesting for Exogeneity with Heteroskedastic Data," MPRA Paper 106408, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Wang, Wenjie, 2021. "Bootstrap Inference for Partially Linear Model with Many Regressors," MPRA Paper 106391, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Wang, Wenjie & Doko Tchatoka, Firmin, 2018. "On Bootstrap inconsistency and Bonferroni-based size-correction for the subset Anderson–Rubin test under conditional homoskedasticity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 207(1), pages 188-211.
    17. Wang, Wenjie, 2021. "Wild Bootstrap for Instrumental Variables Regression with Weak Instruments and Few Clusters," MPRA Paper 106227, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Wang, Wenjie, 2020. "On Bootstrap Validity for the Test of Overidentifying Restrictions with Many Instruments and Heteroskedasticity," MPRA Paper 104858, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Zhenhong Huang & Chen Wang & Jianfeng Yao, 2023. "The First-stage F Test with Many Weak Instruments," Papers 2302.14423, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2024.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bootstrap; Many instruments; Weak instruments; LIML; FULL; Corrected standard error;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
    • C26 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation

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