Estonia

Republik Estonia Eesti Vabariik (Estonian)
Menira Lambang menua
Anthem:  Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm (Iban: "Menua Asal Aku, Pengelantang enggau Pengaga Aku"[1])
Location of Estonia (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]
Indu menua enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai	Tallinn 59°25′N 24°45′E / 59.417°N 24.750°E / 59.417; 24.750
Official language	Estonian[lower-alpha 1]
Ethnic groups (2024[10])	68% Estonians 22% Russians 5% Ukrainians[8] 5% other 0.6% unknown[9]
Pengarap (2021[11])	58% no religion 27% Christianity 13% undeclared 2% other
Perintah	Unitary parliamentary republic
• President	Alar Karis
• Prime Minister	Kristen Michal
Dewan Undangan Negeri	Riigikogu
Independence  from Russia and Germany
• Declaration of independence	23–24 February 1918
• Joined the League of Nations	22 September 1921
• German and Soviet occupations	1940–1991
• Independence restored	20 August 1991
Menua
• Pemesai	45,335[12] km2 (17,504 bt2) (129thd)
• Ai (%)	4.6
Penyampau tubuh
• 2024 estimate	1,373,101[13]
• 2021 census	1,331,824[14]
• Pemayuh tubuh	30.3/km2 (78.5/sq mi) (148th)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$61.598 billion[15] (113th)
• Per capita	$45,122[15] (41st)
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$43.486 billion[15] (102nd)
• Per capita	$31,854[15] (36th)
Gini (2021)	30.6[16] medium
HDI (2022)	0.899[17] very high · 31st
Mata duit	Euro (€) (EUR)
Zon jam	UTC+02:00 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+03:00 (EEST)
Tisi deriba	right
Kod talipaun	+372
Kod ISO 3166	EE
TLD Internet	.ee
^ Estonia regained its de facto independence in 1991. Throughout the 1940–1941 and 1944–1991 Soviet occupation, Estonia's de jure state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile.

Estonia,^{[lower-alpha 2]} tauka nama resmi iya Republik Estonia,^{[lower-alpha 3]} nya sebengkah menua semak Tasik Baltik ba Eropah Utara.^{[lower-alpha 4]} Menua tu bekunsi garis entara menua enggau Finland nengah Teluk Finland, nengah Tasik Baltik ba barat, beadan enggau Sweden, lalu ba tanah, menua tu bekunsi sempadan enggau Latvia ba sepiak selatan, enggau Rusia ba sepiak timur. Kandang menua Estonia bisi tanah besai, pulau Saaremaa enggau Hiiumaa ke besai agi, sereta lebih 2,300 buah pulau enggau pulau mit bukai ba tebing tasik timur Tasik Baltik,^[12] ti mungkur pemesai 45,335 kilometer persegi (17,504 batu persegi). Tallinn, indu mengeri, enggau Tartu nya dua bengkah nengeri ke pemadu besai. Jaku Estonia nyadi jaku asal sereta jaku rasmi. Jaku tu jaku indu dikena majoriti penyampau tubuh 1.4 juta iku.^[14]

1. ↑ "National anthem of the Republic of Estonia". Eesti.ee. Diambi 15 April 2024.
2. ↑ "Vro | ISO 639-3".
3. ↑ Grünthal, Riho; Anneli Sarhimaa (2004). Itämerensuomalaiset kielet ja niiden päämurteet. Helsinki: Finno-Ugrian Society.
4. ↑ Sammallahti, Pekka (1977), "Suomalaisten esihistorian kysymyksiä" (PDF), Virittäjä: 119–136
5. ↑ Laakso, Johanna (2014), "The Finnic Languages", in Dahl, Östen; Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria (eds.), The Circum-Baltic Languages: Typology and Contact, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
6. ↑ Pajusalu, Karl (2009). "The reforming of the Southern Finnic language area" (PDF). Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne. 258: 95–107. ISSN 0355-0230. Diambi 2015-10-17.
7. ↑ Salminen, Tapani (2003), Uralic Languages, diambi 2015-10-17
8. ↑ Figures provided by Statistics Estonia correspond to number of official residents only (i.e include over 55,600 ethnic Ukrainians who are officially resident in Estonia); the figures do not include another estimated 50,000 people who, as Ukrainian war refugees, are staying in Estonia but have not registered a place of residence there.
9. ↑ By Estonian law, ethnicity is registered via self-declaration (which is not mandatory).
10. ↑ "Rv0222U: Population by Sex, Ethnic Nationality and County, 1 January".
11. ↑ "Estonia Census 2021". Statistics Estonia. 29 April 2013. Diarkib ari asal on 24 November 2017. Diambi 9 January 2014.
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1} "Estonia gains 95 islands, but loses 4 square kilometers with updated map". ERR. 22 February 2024. Diambi 22 February 2024.
13. ↑ "Estonia's population grew in 2023". 2 January 2024.
14. ↑ ^{14.0 14.1} "Population census: Estonia's population and the number of Estonians have grown". Statistics Estonia. June 1, 2022. Diambi 5 June 2022.
15. ↑ ^{15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3} "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Estonia)". International Monetary Fund. 10 April 2024. Diambi 31 May 2024.
16. ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". EU-SILC survey. Eurostat. Diambi 22 June 2022.
17. ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF) (id jaku Inggeris). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Diarkib (PDF) ari asal ba 13 March 2024. Diambi 13 March 2024.
18. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)-Geographic Regions". Unstats.un.org.
19. ↑ "Estonia - EU Vocabularies - Publications Office of the EU". op.europa.eu. Diambi 24 December 2023.
20. ↑ Directorate, OECD Statistics. "OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) Definition". stats.oecd.org.
21. ↑ "Estonia". CIA World Factbook. 24 December 2023.

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