esperar
Asturian
editEtymology
editVerb
editesperar (first-person singular indicative present espero, past participle esperáu)
Conjugation
editCatalan
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [əs.pəˈɾa]
- IPA(key): (Valencia) [es.peˈɾaɾ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
Verb
editesperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperí, past participle esperat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
Conjugation
editinfinitive | esperar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | esperant | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | esperat | esperada | |||||
plural | esperats | esperades | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | espero | esperes | espera | esperem | espereu | esperen | |
imperfect | esperava | esperaves | esperava | esperàvem | esperàveu | esperaven | |
future | esperaré | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperareu | esperaran | |
preterite | esperí | esperares | esperà | esperàrem | esperàreu | esperaren | |
conditional | esperaria | esperaries | esperaria | esperaríem | esperaríeu | esperarien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | esperi | esperis | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | |
imperfect | esperés | esperessis | esperés | esperéssim | esperéssiu | esperessin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | espera | esperi | esperem | espereu | esperin | |
negative (no) | — | no esperis | no esperi | no esperem | no espereu | no esperin |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “esperar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “esperar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese esperar (from 13th c.), inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editesperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)
Conjugation
edit1Less recommended.
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “esperar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
References
edit- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “esperar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “esper”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “esperar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “esperar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “esperar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Ido
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Esperanto esperi, French espérer, Italian sperare, Spanish esperar, all from Latin spērō.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editesperar (present tense esperas, past tense esperis, future tense esperos, imperative esperez, conditional esperus)
- to hope
Conjugation
editpresent | past | future | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | esperir | esperor | ||||
tense | esperas | esperis | esperos | ||||
conditional | esperus | ||||||
imperative | esperez | ||||||
adjective active participle | esperanta | esperinta | esperonta | ||||
adverbial active participle | esperante | esperinte | esperonte | ||||
nominal active participle | singular | esperanto | esperinto | esperonto | |||
plural | esperanti | esperinti | esperonti | ||||
adjective passive participle | esperata | esperita | esperota | ||||
adverbial passive participle | esperate | esperite | esperote | ||||
nominal passive participle | singular | esperato | esperito | esperoto | |||
plural | esperati | esperiti | esperoti |
Derived terms
edit- desesperigar (“to drive to despair; to dishearten, depress, despond”)
Occitan
editEtymology
editFrom Old Occitan esperar, inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editesperar
Conjugation
editsimple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperèri | esperères | esperèt | esperèrem | esperèretz | esperèron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperariái | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperon | |
imperfect | esperave | esperaves | esperava | esperaviam | esperaviatz | esperavon | |
preterite | esperere | espereres | esperet | esperem | esperetz | espereron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
conditional | esperariá | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperassiam | esperassiatz | esperon | |
imperfect | esperesse | esperesses | esperesse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperassiam | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | esperi | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperèi | esperès | esperè | esperèm | esperètz | esperèn | |
future | esperarèi | esperaràs | esperarà | esperaram | esperaratz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperarí | esperarés | esperaré | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | esperi | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèssi | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperas | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperava | esperavas | esperava | esperàvam | esperàvatz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperei | espereras | esperet | esperèram | esperèratz | espereran | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperará | esperarem | esperaretz | esperarán | |
conditional | esperariá | esperariàs | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperen | |
imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperèssem | esperèssetz | esperèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esperar | aver esperat | |||||
gerund | esperant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | esperat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espera | esperam | esperatz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperavi | esperavas | esperava | esperàvem | esperàvetz | esperavan | |
preterite | esperère | esperères | esperèt | espereriam | espereriatz | esperèron | |
future | esperarai | esperaràs | esperarà | esperarem | esperaretz | esperaràn | |
conditional | esperariáu | esperariás | esperariá | esperariam | esperariatz | esperarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | esperèra | esperèras | esperèra | espereram | espereratz | esperèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espere | esperes | espere | esperem | esperetz | esperan | |
imperfect | esperèsse | esperèsses | esperèsse | esperessiam | esperessiatz | esperèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espera | esperem | esperatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Related terms
editOld Spanish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editVerb
editesperar
- to wait (for), await
- c. 1200, Almerich, La fazienda de ultramar, (published by Moshé Lazar, 1965, Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, page 211):
- En est logar dize Ysayas de Messias que esperan los Judios e non conoscen com es venido.
- In this place, Isaiah speaks of the Messiah whom the Jews await, and whom they don't know he [already] came.
- to hope, expect
- c. 1280, Alfonso X, General Estoria, tercera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja and Bautista Horcajada Diezma, 1994, Madrid: Gredos):
- mientre fían en los ídolos, que son cosas sin entendimiento e sin alma, juran mal, e esperan que les non nozirá.
- While putting trust in idols, which are things without understanding nor soul, they wrongly make oaths and expect it will not harm them.
- to trust completely (in God)
- c. 1280, Alfonso X, General Estoria, tercera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Borja and Bautista Horcajada Diezma, 1994, Madrid: Gredos):
- Toda palabra de Dios es escudo fecho con fuego para los que esperan en él.
- The word of God is a shield made of fire for those who trust in Him.
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “esperar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 740
Portuguese
editEtymology
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese esperar, inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation
edit
Verb
editesperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)
- to wait
- (transitive or intransitive) to wait (for); to await [with direct object or por ‘something’]
- Eu espero por sua resposta. ― I await your response.
- Fiquei esperando no carro. ― I waited in the car.
- Synonym: aguardar
- (catenative) to wait [with subject pronoun ‘for someone’ (optional) and personal infinitive ‘to do something’]
- Espere o João chegar. ― Wait for John to arrive.
- Synonym: aguardar
- (transitive or intransitive) to wait (for); to await [with direct object or por ‘something’]
- to hope
- (intransitive) to hope for (to really want) [with por ‘something’]
- Eles esperam pelo fim da guerra. ― They hope for the end of the war.
- (transitive) to hope [with que (+ subjunctive clause) ‘that someone does something’]
- Eu espero que gostes do presente. ― I hope you like the gift.
- (catenative) to hope [with infinitive ‘to do something’; or with subject pronoun ‘for someone’ (optional) and personal infinitive ‘to something’]
- Esperávamos comer alguma coisa hoje. ― We were hoping to eat something today.
- (intransitive) to hope for (to really want) [with por ‘something’]
- to expect; to anticipate (to know or think that something will happen) [with direct object or por ‘something’]
- É melhor do que eu esperava. ― It is better than I expected.
- Eu já esperava por isso mesmo. ― I was expecting this anyway.
- Synonym: aguardar
Conjugation
edit1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Further reading
edit- “esperar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
Spanish
editEtymology
editFrom Old Spanish esperar, inherited from Latin spērāre.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editesperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperé, past participle esperado)
- (transitive or catenative) to hope [with direct object ‘for something’ or infinitive ‘to do something’ or que (+ subjunctive clause) ‘that something happens’]
- Synonym: tener esperanza de que
- esperar con interés ― to look forward to, to eagerly await
- En vano esperaron mejores días. ― They hoped for better days in vain.
- Esperamos llegar a viejos juntos. ― We hope we'll grow old together.
- Ella espera ya estar casada cuando tenga treinta. ― She hopes she'll be already married when she's 30 years old.
- Espera que no sea necesario. ― He hopes it won't be necessary.
- (transitive or catenative) to expect [with direct object ‘something’ or infinitive ‘to do something’ or que (+ indicative clause) ‘that something happens’]
- Synonym: anticipar
- Ellos esperan encontrar muchas dificultades. ― They expect to come across many hardships.
- Esperamos un clima adverso mañana. ― We're expecting unfavourable weather tomorrow.
- Los estudiantes esperan que no será fácil el examen. ― The students expect the exam won't be easy.
- Los huéspedes esperan que les ayudaremos. ― The guests expect we'll help them.
- (intransitive or transitive) to wait, wait (for) [(optionally) with direct object ‘for something’ or a que (+ subjunctive clause) ‘for something to happen’]
- Por favor espera aquí. ― Please wait here.
- Te he esperado por media hora. ― I have waited for you for half an hour.
- Espero con ansias tu llegada. ― I am anxiously waiting for your arrival.
- ¡Espera a que la conozcas en persona! ― Wait till you meet her in person!
- Estamos esperando a que se suavice la lluvia. ― We're waiting for the rain to get less heavy.
- (intransitive, reflexive) to wait, to hold on (reflexive for emphatic use)
- ¡Espera! ¡Espérate tantito! ― Wait! Hold on for a sec!
- (reflexive, impersonal) to be expected
- Se espera que el huracán llegue mañana. ― The hurricane is expected to come tomorrow.
Conjugation
editThese forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editSee also
editFurther reading
edit- “esperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Asturian terms inherited from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian verbs
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)
- Rhymes:Catalan/a(ɾ)/3 syllables
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan first conjugation verbs
- Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Ido terms borrowed from Esperanto
- Ido terms derived from Esperanto
- Ido terms borrowed from French
- Ido terms derived from French
- Ido terms borrowed from Italian
- Ido terms derived from Italian
- Ido terms borrowed from Spanish
- Ido terms derived from Spanish
- Ido terms derived from Latin
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido verbs
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio links
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan first group verbs
- Old Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Old Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Old Spanish lemmas
- Old Spanish verbs
- Old Spanish terms with quotations
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Portuguese transitive verbs
- Portuguese intransitive verbs
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish transitive verbs
- Spanish terms with collocations
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Spanish intransitive verbs
- Spanish reflexive verbs
- Spanish impersonal verbs