麵
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Translingual
[edit]| Traditional | 麵 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 麺 |
| Simplified | 面 |
Han character
[edit]麵 (Kangxi radical 199, 麥+9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 十弓一田中 (JNMWL) or 十水一田中 (JEMWL), four-corner 41246, composition ⿰麥面 or ⿺麥面)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1514, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47827
- Dae Jaweon: page 2043, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4605, character 12
- Unihan data for U+9EB5
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 麵/麪 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 面* | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𫩑 | |
| alternative forms | 麺 麫／面 糆 𪋽 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 麵 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːns) : semantic 麥 (“wheat”) + phonetic 面 (OC *mens). Originally 麪.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mian4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мян (mi͡an, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): mien5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mie3
- Northern Min (KCR): mīng
- Eastern Min (BUC): miêng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming5 / meng5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6mi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mienn5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: miàn
- Wade–Giles: mien4
- Yale: myàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miann
- Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (麵兒／面儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: miànr
- Wade–Giles: mien4-ʼrh
- Yale: myànr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miall
- Palladius: мяньр (mjanʹr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: erhua-ed - “powder”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: mian4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mian
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɛn²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мян (mi͡an, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: min6
- Yale: mihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: min6
- Guangdong Romanization: min6
- Sinological IPA (key): /miːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: men5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐben³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mien5
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɛn¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mien
- Hakka Romanization System: mien
- Hagfa Pinyim: mian4
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mie3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /mie⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mīng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: miêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɛŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ming5
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: meng5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɛŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
Note:
- ming5 - vernacular;
- meng5 - literary.
Note:
- mī - vernacular;
- biān - literary.
- Middle Chinese: menH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*meːns/
Definitions
[edit]麵
- flour
- wheat noodles (Classifier: 碗 m c; 條／条 m c; 個／个 c)
- (Mainland China) powder
- (Mainland China, dialectal) soft and floury; mealy
- (Mandarin, colloquial, of a person) weak; timid; indecisive; slow
Synonyms
[edit]| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 粉 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 麵兒 |
| Singapore | 粉 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 麵兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 麵麵兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 麵麵, 麵子, 粉粉 |
| Wuhan | 粉子 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 粉子, 粉 |
| Hefei | 粉 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 粉 |
| Hong Kong | 粉 | |
| Yangjiang | 粉 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 粉 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 粉 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 粉 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 麵麵 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 粉 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 粉粉 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 粉 |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 粉 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 粉 | |
| Chaozhou | 粉 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 粉 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 粉 |
| Suzhou | 粉 | |
| Wenzhou | 粉 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 粉子 |
| Shuangfeng | 粉子 | |
Compounds
[edit]- 一鍋麵／一锅面
- 下麵／下面 (xiàmiàn)
- 中筋麵粉／中筋面粉 (zhōngjīn miànfěn)
- 乾麵／干面 (gānmiàn)
- 伊府麵／伊府面 (yīfǔmiàn)
- 伊麵／伊面 (yīmiàn)
- 低筋麵粉／低筋面粉 (dījīn miànfěn)
- 光麵／光面 (guāngmiàn)
- 兩頭白麵／两头白面
- 公仔麵／公仔面 (gōngzǎimiàn)
- 冰冰麵／冰冰面 (bīngbīngmiàn)
- 冷麵／冷面 (lěngmiàn)
- 刀削麵／刀削面 (dāoxiāomiàn)
- 切麵／切面 (qiēmiàn)
- 削麵／削面 (xiāomiàn)
- 千層麵／千层面 (qiāncéngmiàn)
- 即食麵／即食面 (jíshímiàn)
- 吃板刀麵／吃板刀面
- 吃辣麵／吃辣面
- 和麵／和面
- 培根蛋麵／培根蛋面 (péigēndànmiàn)
- 壯麵／壮面
- 壽麵／寿面 (shòumiàn)
- 大滷麵／大卤面 (dàlǔmiàn)
- 小米麵／小米面
- 就湯下麵／就汤下面
- 廣東炒麵／广东炒面
- 快速麵／快速面
- 意大利麵／意大利面 (yìdàlìmiàn)
- 扯麵／扯面
- 拌麵／拌面 (bànmiàn)
- 拉麵／拉面 (lāmiàn)
- 捏麵人／捏面人
- 捵麵／捵面
- 掛麵／挂面 (guàmiàn)
- 搋麵／搋面
- 撈麵／捞面 (lāomiàn)
- 擔仔麵／担仔面 (dànzǎimiàn)
- 擔擔麵／担担面
- 擀麵／擀面 (gǎnmiàn)
- 擀麵杖／擀面杖 (gǎnmiànzhàng)
- 擀麵棍／擀面棍 (gǎnmiàngùn)
- 方便麵／方便面 (fāngbiànmiàn)
- 杯麵／杯面 (bēimiàn)
- 棒子麵／棒子面 (bàngzimiàn)
- 死麵／死面 (sǐmiàn)
- 水麵／水面
- 油茶麵兒／油茶面儿
- 油麵／油面 (yóumiàn)
- 泡麵／泡面 (pàomiàn)
- 泡麵哲學／泡面哲学
- 泡麵市場／泡面市场
- 洋麵／洋面
- 清湯掛麵／清汤挂面
- 涼麵／凉面 (liángmiàn)
- 湯麵／汤面 (tāngmiàn)
- 溲麵／溲面
- 炒麵／炒面 (chǎomiàn)
- 炒麵塊子／炒面块子
- 炸醬麵／炸酱面 (zhájiàngmiàn)
- 烤麵包機／烤面包机 (kǎomiànbāojī)
- 烏龍麵／乌龙面 (wūlóngmiàn)
- 熱乾麵／热干面 (règānmiàn)
- 燙麵／烫面
- 牛肉麵／牛肉面 (niúròumiàn)
- 甜水麵／甜水面
- 甜麵醬／甜面酱 (tiánmiànjiàng)
- 生力麵／生力面
- 發麵／发面 (fāmiàn)
- 白粉麵／白粉面
- 白麵／白面 (báimiàn)
- 硬麵／硬面
- 簳麵杖／簳面杖
- 索麵／索面
- 茶麵子／茶面子
- 蔥油拌麵／葱油拌面
- 蕎麥麵／荞麦面 (qiáomàimiàn)
- 藥麵兒／药面儿 (yàomiànr)
- 彪彪麵／彪彪面 (biāobiāomiàn)
- 蚵仔麵線／蚵仔面线 (ézǐ miànxiàn)
- 豬腳麵線／猪脚面线
- 趕麵棍／赶面棍
- 通心麵／通心面
- 速食麵／速食面 (sùshímiàn)
- 過水麵／过水面
- 𰻞𰻞麵／𰻝𰻝面 (biángbiángmiàn)
- 醡醬麵／醡酱面 (zhàjiàngmiàn)
- 重羅麵／重罗面
- 長壽麵／长寿面 (chángshòumiàn)
- 陽春麵／阳春面 (yángchūnmiàn)
- 雜合麵兒／杂合面儿
- 雜麵／杂面
- 高筋麵粉／高筋面粉 (gāojīn miànfěn)
- 麵人兒／面人儿 (miànrénr)
- 麵包／面包 (miànbāo)
- 麵包圈／面包圈 (miànbāoquān)
- 麵包圈兒／面包圈儿
- 麵包果／面包果 (miànbāoguǒ)
- 麵包樹／面包树 (miànbāoshù)
- 麵包車／面包车 (miànbāochē)
- 麵團／面团 (miàntuán)
- 麵團兒／面团儿
- 麵坊／面坊
- 麵坯兒／面坯儿
- 麵塑／面塑
- 麵子／面子 (miànzi)
- 麵子藥／面子药
- 麵店／面店
- 麵攤子／面摊子
- 麵杖／面杖 (miànzhàng)
- 麵杖吹火／面杖吹火
- 麵條／面条 (miàntiáo)
- 麵湯／面汤 (miàntāng)
- 麵漿／面浆
- 麵疙瘩／面疙瘩 (miàngēda)
- 麵的／面的
- 麵碼兒／面码儿
- 麵筋／面筋 (miànjīn)
- 麵粉／面粉 (miànfěn)
- 麵糊／面糊
- 麵線／面线 (miànxiàn)
- 麵肥／面肥 (miànfěi)
- 麵茶／面茶 (miànchá)
- 麵食／面食 (miànshí)
- 麵餅／面饼 (miànbǐng)
- 麵館／面馆 (miànguǎn)
- 麵館兒／面馆儿
- 黑麵／黑面
Usage notes
[edit]| Region | 麵 | 麪 |
|---|---|---|
| Taiwan | standard | variant |
| Hong Kong | variant | standard |
See also
[edit]- 粉 (fěn)
Descendants
[edit]Sino-Xenic (麵):
Others:
- → English: mee (via Min Nan)
- → Malay: mi (via Min Nan)
- Indonesian: mi
- → Mauritian Creole: min (via Yue)
- → Thai: หมี่ (mìi) (via Min Nan)
- → Vietnamese: mì (via Min Nan)
References
[edit]- (Hokkien) “Entry #13088”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- (Puxian Min) 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “面”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.
Japanese
[edit]| 麺 | |
| 麵 |
Kanji
[edit]麵
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 麺)
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
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