氣

See also: 气, 気, and 炁

氣	U+6C23, 氣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C23

← 氢
[U+6C22]

CJK Unified Ideographs

氤 →
[U+6C24]

Translingual

Traditional	氣
Shinjitai	気
Simplified	气

Han character

氣 (Kangxi radical 84, 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 8091₇, composition ⿹气米)

Derived characters

㑶, 𠺪, 𡦎, 愾, 𭡾, 滊, 暣, 熂, 犔, 𦞝, 𥎃, 𧜃, 𧎵, 𧤟, 𧪢, 𧱲, 𧹵, 𮠼, 𣱬, 鎎, 𬂕, 靝, 餼, 𩥀, 𪸃, 𪒉, 霼, 𪖴, 𫨥, 𤅴
𣯘, 𩘞, 𭯴, 𭯵, 𣱯, 𫉀, 𥧔, 𧏨, 𧜚, 𡈏, 𮕇, 𣀽

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 599, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2011, character 14
Unihan data for U+6C23

Chinese

trad.		氣
simp.		气^*
alternative forms		气炁𣱛𣱖𤽍气炁𣱛𣱖𤽍𣅠㫓暣気

Wikipedia has articles on:

氣 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
氣 (Cantonese)
氣 (Classical)
Qi (English)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 氣
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
愾	kʰɯːds, qʰɯds
忾	*qʰrɯl
刏	kɯl, ɡɯl, *kuːls
汽	*kʰɯds
氣	kʰɯds, qʰɯds
气	*kʰɯds
忥	*qʰɯds
餼	*qʰɯds
鎎	*qʰɯds
熂	*qʰɯds
霼	*qʰɯds
犔	*qʰɯds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.

Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qì (qi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi⁴

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): qī

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): qī

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чи (či, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hei³

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): hai³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hei¹

(Yangjiang, Jyutping++): hei³
Gan (Wiktionary): qi³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hi

(Hailu, HRS): hi^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): hi⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): qi³
Northern Min (KCR): ki̿
Eastern Min (BUC): ké
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kui⁴ / ki⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khùi / khì

(Teochew, Peng'im): kui³ / ki³

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): kui³ / ki³
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): hi³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵chi
- (Jinhua): ⁵chi
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): qi⁴

(Loudi, Wiktionary): qi⁴

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): qi⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cì
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
  - Yale: chì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qìr
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cìr
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴-ʼrh
  - Yale: chìr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiell
  - Palladius: цир (cir)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiə̯ɻ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: qi⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ki
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: qī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: qī
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чи (či, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hei³
  - Yale: hei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: héi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei̯³³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: hai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐi³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei³³/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
  - Jyutping++: hei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei²⁴/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hi
  - Hakka Romanization System: hi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hi⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hi^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /hi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hi⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qi³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ki̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰi³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ké
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛi²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kui⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ki⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰi⁴²/

Note:

kui4 - vernacular;
ki4 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùi
  - Tâi-lô: khuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quix
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰui⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Kaohsiung): /kʰui²¹/
  - IPA (Longyan): /kʰui²¹³/
  - IPA (Nan'an, Klang): /kʰui³¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei): /kʰui¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
  - Tâi-lô: khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qix
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei): /kʰi¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Kaohsiung): /kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Longyan): /kʰi²¹³/
  - IPA (Nan'an, Klang): /kʰi³¹/

Note: khùi - vernacular, khì - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kui³ / ki³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khùi / khì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui²¹³/, /kʰi²¹³/

Note:

kui3 - vernacular;
ki3 - literary.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: kui³ / ki³
- Sinological IPA: /kʰui²¹/, /kʰi²¹/

Note:

kui3 - vernacular;
ki3 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: hi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hi⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁵chi
  - MiniDict: chi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /cʰi³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕʰi³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕʰi⁵²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡ɕʰi⁵²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕʰi³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /t͡ɕʰi³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕʰi³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁵chi
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary: qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 氣
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰi²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hi⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hei³³/
	Nanning	/hi³³/
	Hong Kong	/hei³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰi²¹/ /kʰui²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰɛi²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰi³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰi²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xi³⁵/ /xui³⁵/

Middle Chinese: khj+jH

Rime
Character	氣
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	微 (20)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去旣切
Baxter	khj+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɨi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiəi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨj^H/
Li Rong	/kʰiəi^H/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰe̯i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰəp-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	氣
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qì
Middle Chinese	‹ khjɨj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰəp-s/
English	cloudy vapors
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	氣
Reading #	1/2
No.	10140
Phonetic component	气
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯds/

Definitions

氣

gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma)
天然氣／天然气 ― tiānránqì ― natural gas

輪胎漏氣了。／轮胎漏气了。 ― Lúntāi lòu qì le. ― The tire is leaking gas.
(meteorology) air
出去透透氣！／出去透透气！ ― Chūqù tòu tòuqì! ― Go out to breathe fresh air!
breath (Classifier: 口 m; 股 m; 啖 c)
喘不過氣來／喘不过气来 ― chuǎnbùguòqì lái ― to be out of breath

我會戰鬥到最后一口氣。 [MSC, trad.]
我会战斗到最后一口气。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ huì zhàndòu dào zuìhòu yī kǒu qì. [Pinyin]
I will fight to my last breath.
(Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force
元氣／元气 ― yuánqì ― vital energy

氣虛／气虚 ― qì xū ― to be deficient in vital energy
weather
天氣／天气 ― tiānqì ― weather

氣候／气候 ― qìhòu ― climate
smell; odour
氣味／气味 ― qìwèi ― smell

滿身酒氣／满身酒气 ― mǎnshēn jiǔ qì ― to have the odor of alcohol all over one's body
anger (Classifier: 條／条 c; 啖 c; 度 c)
生氣／生气 ― shēngqì ― to get angry

消消氣／消消气 ― xiāo xiāoqì ― to calm down
to be angry
我很氣。／我很气。 ― Wǒ hěn qì. ― I'm very angry.

氣哭了／气哭了 ― qì kū le ― to cry because one was so mad
to make angry; to annoy; to anger; to enrage
別氣我！／别气我！ ― Bié qì wǒ! ― Don't annoy me!
quality; character; spirit; mettle
有男人氣／有男人气 ― yǒu nánrén qì ― to be manly

書生氣／书生气 ― shūshēng qì ― bookishness
vitality; vigor; morale; spirit
氣概／气概 ― qìgài ― mettle; lofty quality

一鼓作氣／一鼓作气 ― yīgǔzuòqì ― to accomplish in one vigorous effort
bad habit; bad practice
a surname: Qi

Synonyms

(gas): 氣體／气体 (qìtǐ)
(breath): 氣息／气息 (qìxī)
(weather):

Dialectal synonyms of 天氣 (“weather”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		氣候, 天景, 氣
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		天氣
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	天氣, 天兒
	Taiwan	天氣
	Ulanhot	天頭
	Tongliao	天頭
	Chifeng	天氣
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	天氣
	Harbin	天氣, 天兒, 天
	Shenyang	天氣, 天頭
	Malaysia	天氣
	Singapore	天氣
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	天兒
	Tangshan	天氣, 天頭
	Cangzhou	天氣
	Baoding	天氣, 天道
	Shijiazhuang	天氣
	Jinan	天氣, 天兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	天氣
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	天氣, 天兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	天氣
	Wanrong	天氣
	Zhengzhou	天氣
	Xi'an	天氣
	Dingbian	天, 天氣
	Xining	天氣, 天氣兒
	Xuzhou	天氣, 天
	Qimen (Anling Junhua)	天氣
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	天氣
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	天氣
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	天氣
	Bayanhot	天氣
	Lanzhou	天氣
	Ürümqi	天氣, 天
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	天氣
	Wuhan	天氣, 天道
	Guiyang	天氣
	Kunming	天氣
	Guilin	天氣
	Guilin (Lingui)	天氣
	Pingle	天氣
	Liuzhou	天氣, 天時
	Liuzhou (Luorong)	天氣
	Luzhai	天氣
	Nanning (Wuming)	天氣, 天色
	Hechi (Yizhou)	天氣, 天時
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	天氣
	Tianlin (Langping)	天氣
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	天氣, 天時
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	天氣
	Oudomxay	天氣
	Pematangsiantar	天氣
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	天氣, 天
	Yangzhou	天氣, 天
	Nantong	天氣
	Hefei	天氣
	Huanggang	天頭
Cantonese	Guangzhou	天氣, 天時, 天候
	Hong Kong	天氣, 天時, 天候
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	天候, 天時
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	天時, 天氣
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	天時
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	天時
	Macau	天氣
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	天時
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	天氣
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	天時
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	天氣
	Foshan	天時
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	天時
	Foshan (Shunde)	天氣
	Foshan (Sanshui)	天氣
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	天氣
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	天時
	Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka)	天氣
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	天時
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	天時
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	天時
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	天時
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	天時
	Taishan	天時, 天氣
	Taishan (Guanghai)	天氣
	Kaiping (Chikan)	天時
	Enping (Niujiang)	天時
	Heshan (Yayao)	天氣
	Dongguan	天時, 天氣
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	天時
	Qingyuan	天時
	Fogang	天時
	Yingde (Hanguang)	天時
	Yangshan	天氣
	Lianshan (Butian)	天氣
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	天氣
	Shaoguan	天時
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	天候, 天氣
	Renhua	天時
	Lechang	天氣
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	天氣
	Sihui	天時
	Guangning	天時
	Deqing	天時, 天氣
	Huaiji	天時
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	天氣
	Yunfu	天氣
	Xinxing	天時
	Luoding	天時
	Yunan (Pingtai)	天氣
	Yangjiang	天時, 天氣
	Xinyi	天氣
	Lianjiang	天氣
	Nanning	天氣
	Wuzhou	天氣
	Yulin	天氣
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	天時, 天氣
	Hepu (Shatian)	天時
	Guiping	天氣
	Guiping (Jintian)	天氣
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	天氣, 天時, 天色
	Guiping (Madong)	天氣, 天色
	Mengshan (Xihe)	天色
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	天氣
Beiliu	天氣, 天色
Beiliu (Tangliao)	天色
Baise	天氣
Bobai	天氣
Lingshan	天氣
Pubei	天氣
Qinzhou	天氣
Beihai	天氣, 天時
Beihai (Nankang)	天時
Beihai (Yingpan)	天時
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	天氣, 天時
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	天氣, 天時
Ningming	天氣
Hengzhou	天氣
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)	天氣
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	天氣, 天時
Lingchuan (Yangjia)	天時
Pingle (Majia)	天氣
Pingle (Shuishan)	天氣
Danzhou	天
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	天時, 天氣
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	天時
Móng Cái	天氣, 天時
Yangon (Taishan)	天氣, 氣候
Mandalay (Taishan)	天氣
Bangkok (Guangfu)	天時
Gan	Nanchang	天氣, 天色
	Pengze	天勢
	Lichuan	天氣, 天頭
	Pingxiang	天, 天氣
Hakka	Meixian	天氣, 天色, 天時
	Xingning	天時
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	天時
	Huidong (Daling)	天時
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	天時
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	天時
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	天時
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	天時
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	天時
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	天時
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	天氣
	Changting	天時
	Wuping	天時
	Wuping (Pingyu)	天時
	Liancheng	天時
	Liancheng (Peitian)	天意
	Yudu	天氣
	Ruijin	天氣
	Shicheng	天頭
	Shangyou (Shexi)	天色
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	天時, 天氣
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	天時, 天氣
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	天時, 天氣
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	天時, 天氣
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	天時, 天氣
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	天氣
	Hong Kong	天時
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	天氣
	Bobai (Shahe)	天氣
	Bobai (Longtan)	天氣
	Bobai (Lingping)	天氣, 天時
	Beiliu (Tang'an)	天時
	Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang)	天氣
	Mashan (Pianlian)	天氣
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	天氣
	Pingle (Tong'an)	天氣
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	天氣
	Sabah (Longchuan)	天時
	Senai (Huiyang)	天時
	Singkawang	天時, 天氣
	Pontianak (Meixian)	天時, 天氣
	Bangkok (Meixian)	天時
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	天氣
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	天時
Huizhou	Jixi	天公
	Shexian	天氣
	Shexian (Xianggao)	天氣
	Shexian (Daguyun)	天氣
	Qimen (Anling Minhua)	天氣
Jin	Taiyuan	天氣, 天
	Datong	天氣
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	天氣
	Xinzhou	天氣
	Changzhi	天氣
	Taibus (Baochang)	天氣
	Linhe	天氣
	Jining	天氣
	Hohhot	天氣, 氣候
	Baotou	天氣
	Dongsheng	天氣
	Haibowan	天氣
	Zhangjiakou	天氣
	Handan	天氣
Northern Min	Jian'ou	天氣, 天時
Northern Min	Pucheng (Shibei)	天氣
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	天氣, 天時
	Fuqing	天氣
	Matsu	天氣
Southern Min	Xiamen	天時, 天氣
	Quanzhou	天時, 天氣
	Shishi	天時
	Yongchun	天色
	Zhangzhou	天時, 天氣
	Zhao'an	天氣, 天時
	Dongshan	天時
	Penang (Hokkien)	天時
	Singapore (Hokkien)	天時, 天氣
	Manila (Hokkien)	天氣
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	天氣
	Guiping (Xiaowen)	天氣
	Guiping (Dongsheng)	天氣
	Guilin (Biyange)	天氣
	Yuhuan (Kanmen)	天時
	Chaozhou	天時, 天氣
	Shantou	天時
	Shantou (Chenghai)	天時
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	天時
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	天時
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	天時
	Jieyang	天時
	Lufeng	天時
	Haifeng	天時
	Bangkok (Teochew)	天時
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	天時
	Singapore (Teochew)	天時
	Pontianak (Teochew)	天時
	Wenchang	天氣
	Haikou	天時
	Qionghai	天氣
	Singapore (Hainanese)	天氣
Puxian Min	Putian	天時
Puxian Min	Xianyou	天時
Central Min	Yong'an	天氣
Central Min	Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)	天氣
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	天時
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	天時
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	天氣
	Nanning (Shajing)	天氣
	Nanning (Silian)	天氣
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	天氣
	Guilin (Chaoyang)	天氣
	Guilin (Zhuyuan)	天氣
	Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)	天氣
	Guilin (Liutang, Lingui)	天氣
	Lingchuan (Tanxia)	天氣
	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	天氣
	Guanyang (Guanyinge)	天色
	Pingle (Zhangjia)	天氣
	Yangshuo (Jima)	天氣
	Yangshuo (Putao)	天色, 天氣
Shehua	Fu'an	天性
	Fuding	天氣
	Luoyuan	天性
	Sanming	天氣
	Shunchang	天氣
	Hua'an	天時
	Guixi (Zhangping)	天氣
	Cangnan	天氣
	Jingning (Hexi)	天性
	Lishui	天性
	Longyou	天性
	Chaozhou	天氣
	Fengshun	天時
Waxiang	Luxi (Liangjiatan)	天氣
Waxiang	Chengbu (Xuntou)	天色
Wu	Shanghai	天氣
	Shanghai (Chongming)	天色
	Suzhou	天氣, 天
	Danyang	天氣, 天光
	Hangzhou	天空
	Shaoxing	天家
	Shaoxing (Keqiao)	天時
	Ningbo	天家
	Linhai	天家
	Yuhuan (Damaiyu)	天色
	Yuhuan (Chumen)	天家
	Wenzhou	天色, 天時
	Jinhua	天公, 天氣
Xiang	Changsha	天色, 天氣
	Xiangxiang	天氣
	Loudi	天色
	Shuangfeng	天氣
	Hengshan	天
	Hengshan (Baiguo)	天
	Quanzhou	天氣
	Guanyang (Wenshi)	天氣

(smell):

Dialectal synonyms of 氣味 (“smell; odour”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		氣息, 臭味, 氣
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	味兒
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	味
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	味兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	味兒, 味氣
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	味味子, 味味兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	氣氣, 味道
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	氣味, 氣色
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	味道
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	味道, 氣味
Cantonese	Guangzhou	味, 𡃴
	Hong Kong	味, 𡃴
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	𡃴
	Yangjiang	味, 𡃴
Gan	Nanchang	氣味
Hakka	Meixian	味道, 氣味
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	味道, 氣味
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	味道, 氣味
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	味道, 氣味
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	味道, 氣味
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	味道, 氣味
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	味道, 氣味
	Hong Kong	味
Jin	Taiyuan	味氣
Northern Min	Jian'ou	味道, 氣色
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	味
Southern Min	Xiamen	味, 味素
	Quanzhou	味, 味素
	Zhangzhou	味
	Singapore (Hokkien)	味, 味素, 峇羽
	Manila (Hokkien)	味, 味素
	Chaozhou	味, 味素, 羶, 氣味
Wu	Suzhou	味道, 氣味
Wu	Wenzhou	氣道
Xiang	Changsha	氣色, 味道, 氣味
Xiang	Shuangfeng	氣色, 氣

(to be angry):

Dialectal synonyms of 生氣 (“to be angry”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		怒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		生氣
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	生氣
	Taiwan	生氣
	Harbin	生氣
	Singapore	生氣
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	生氣
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	生氣
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	生氣, 發氣, 發火兒, 惱火, 發毛, 毛火
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	生氣
	Xi'an	生氣, 著氣
	Xining	生氣
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	生氣, 著氣
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	慪氣, 慪, 生氣, 發氣
	Wuhan	慪氣, 慪, 起氣, 氣, 發氣
	Guiyang	生氣, 發氣
	Guilin	生氣, 發氣
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	生氣
	Yangzhou	著氣, 見氣
	Hefei	生氣
Cantonese	Guangzhou	發嬲, 嬲, 激氣
	Hong Kong	發嬲, 嬲, 激氣
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	怒氣, 發火, 谷氣
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	谷氣
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	惱
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	谷氣
	Macau	嬲
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	嬲
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	嬲
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	嬲
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	嬲
	Foshan	嬲
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	嬲
	Foshan (Shunde)	嬲
	Foshan (Sanshui)	發嬲
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	發嬲
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	嬲
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	嬲
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	嬲
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	嬲
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	嬲
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	嬲
	Taishan	嬲
	Kaiping (Chikan)	嬲
	Enping (Niujiang)	嬲
	Heshan (Yayao)	嬲
	Dongguan	谷氣
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	嬲
	Shaoguan	嬲
	Yunfu	嬲
	Yangjiang	激氣
	Xinyi	嬲
	Lianjiang	嬲
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	屈火
	Hepu (Shatian)	生氣, 嬲氣
	Qinzhou	發相, 發火, 激, 激氣
	Qinzhou (Changtan)	發火, 發氣, 發性, 發火, 冒火, 火冒, 極, 極氣
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	發性, 激氣
	Beihai	發脾氣
	Beihai (Nankang)	嬲
	Beihai (Yingpan)	嬲
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	嬲, 發性
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	嬲
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	嬲
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	撞火
	Singapore (Guangfu)	嬲
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	嬲
	Móng Cái	嬲
	Yangon (Taishan)	嬲
	Mandalay (Taishan)	發氣
Gan	Nanchang	著氣
	Lichuan	發氣, 著氣
	Pingxiang	見氣, 發氣
Hakka	Meixian	激氣, 閼, 發譴
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	嬲
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	閼
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	嬲
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	嬲
	Wengyuan	閼
	Liannan	發性
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	發嬲
	Jiexi	閼
	Changting	氣
	Wuping (Yanqian)	惱, 發火
	Ninghua	生氣
	Yudu	發氣
	Ningdu	氣
	Tonggu (Sandu)	著氣
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	著急
	Dayu	發火
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	譴, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	譴, 發譴, 受氣
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	閼, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	譴, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	閼, 發閼, 發譴, 受氣
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	氣, 發性, 受氣
	Hong Kong	發火
	Luchuan	火起
	Senai (Huiyang)	嬲
	Singapore (Dabu)	生氣
Huizhou	Jixi	發響, 見氣
Jin	Taiyuan	生氣
Northern Min	Jian'ou	燒色, 急
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	受氣
Southern Min	Xiamen	受氣, 起歹面
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	受氣
	Zhao'an	生氣
	Taipei	受氣
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	受氣
	Kaohsiung	受氣
	Yilan	受氣
	Changhua (Lukang)	受氣, 惱氣
	Taichung	受氣
	Tainan	受氣
	Hsinchu	受氣
	Kinmen	受氣
	Penghu (Magong)	受氣
	Penang (Hokkien)	起癀
	Singapore (Hokkien)	受氣
	Manila (Hokkien)	受氣
	Chaozhou	生氣, 氣
	Shantou	生氣
	Jieyang	生氣, 激氣
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	生氣
	Singapore (Teochew)	生氣, 氣, 受氣
Wu	Shanghai	生氣, 見氣
	Suzhou	動氣, 氣
	Danyang	生氣, 見氣
	Wenzhou	生氣, 氣, 急
	Jinhua	生氣, 見氣
Xiang	Changsha	發氣, 見氣, 發脾氣
Xiang	Shuangfeng	發氣

edit

上火 (shànghuǒ) (dialectal Mandarin)
使性地 (sái-sìng-tē) (Hokkien)
使性子 (shǐ xìngzi)
使氣／使气 (shǐqì)
使癖 (Hokkien)
使頸／使颈 (sai² geng²) (Cantonese)
冒煙／冒烟 (màoyān) (colloquial)
動怒／动怒 (dòngnù)
受氣／受气 (siū-khì) (Hokkien)
嗔怒 (chēnnù)
大怒 (dànù)
奭 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
威怒 (wēinù) (literary)
尥蹶子 (liàojuězi)
𡳞火 (Hokkien, vulgar)
弄性子 (nòng xìngzi) (colloquial)
忿懥 (fènzhì) (literary)
急 (jí)
怒 (nù) (literary, or in compounds)
急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
惱怒／恼怒 (nǎonù)
惹氣／惹气 (rěqì)
惱火／恼火 (nǎohuǒ)
戳火 (cuah⁴ hue²) (Jin)
掛氣／挂气 (guàqì) (dialectal)
暴怒 (bàonù) (to explode in anger)
有氣／有气 (yǒuqì)
氣惱／气恼 (qìnǎo)
火大 (huǒdà)
火癀 (Hokkien)
燒色／烧色 (chiáu-să̤) (Northern Min)
爆氣／爆气
犯脾氣／犯脾气 (fàn píqi) (colloquial)
狂怒 (kuángnù) (to explode in anger)
生氣／生气 (shēngqì)
癀發／癀发 (Hokkien)
發呴／发呴 (⁷faq ¹heu) (Wu)
發性地／发性地 (Hokkien)
發火／发火 (fāhuǒ)
發癀／发癀 (Xiamen Hokkien)
發老脾／发老脾 (faat³ lou⁵ pei^4-2) (Cantonese)
發脾四／发脾四 (faat³ pei⁴ sei³) (Cantonese)
發脾氣／发脾气 (fā píqi)
發臉／发脸 (Hokkien)
發輦／发辇 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
發飆／发飙 (fābiāo) (colloquial)
盛怒 (shèngnù)
瞋恚 (chēnhuì) (Classical Chinese)
耍態度／耍态度 (shuǎ tàidù) (colloquial)
耍脾氣／耍脾气 (shuǎ píqi)
苦氣／苦气 (Hokkien)
見氣／见气 (Yangzhou Mandarin, Pingxiang Gan, Huizhou, Pingxiang Gan, Wu, Pingxiang Gan, Xiang, Pingxiang Gan)
起性 (Hokkien)
起性地 (Hokkien)
起火
起花光 (kī-huă-guŏng) (Eastern Min)
震怒 (zhènnù)
鬧脾氣／闹脾气 (nào píqi)

(vitality):

edit

威勢／威势 (wēishì)
氣勢／气势 (qìshì)
氣焰／气焰 (qìyàn) (archaic, of a person)
氣魄／气魄 (qìpò)
筆勢／笔势 (bǐshì) (of calligraphy, art, literary works, etc.)

(bad habit): 習氣／习气 (xíqì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (氣):

→ Japanese: 気(き) (ki)
→ Korean: 기(氣) (gi)
→ Vietnamese: khí (氣)

→ English: chi, qi, ki

→ Finnish: ki

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xì (xi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xì
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sì
  - Wade–Giles: hsi⁴
  - Yale: syì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: xj+jH

Rime
Character	氣
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	微 (20)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許旣切
Baxter	xj+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hɨi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xiəi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨj^H/
Li Rong	/xiəi^H/
Wang Li	/xĭəi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xe̯i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰət-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	氣
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xì
Middle Chinese	‹ xjɨj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰət-s/
English	to present food
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	氣
Reading #	2/2
No.	10143
Phonetic component	气
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*qʰɯds/
Notes	後作餼

Definitions

氣

^† Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”).

Compounds

References

“氣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	気
Kyūjitai	氣

Kanji

氣

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)

Readings

Go-on: け (ke)
Kan-on: き (ki)
Kun: いき (iki, 氣)

Usage notes

Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 氣 (MC khj+jH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	킝〮 (Yale: khúy)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[2]	긔〮운〮 (Yale: kúywún)	ᄭᅴ〮 (Yale: skúy)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ki]
Phonetic hangul: [기]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

氣

Wikisource

氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi))

hanja form^? of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigour”) [noun]

Compounds

감기 (感氣, gamgi)
경기 (景氣, gyeonggi)
공기 (空氣, gonggi)
기력 (氣力, giryeok)
기류 (氣流, giryu)
기백 (氣魄, gibaek)
기분 (氣分, gibun)
기상 (氣象, gisang)
기세 (氣勢, gise)
기승 (氣勝, giseung)
기압 (氣壓, giap)
기온 (氣溫, gion)
기운 (氣運, giun)
기체 (氣體, giche)
기후 (氣候, gihu)
대기 (大氣, daegi)
분위기 (雰圍氣, bunwigi)
생기 (生氣, saenggi)
수증기 (水蒸氣, sujeunggi)
연기 (煙氣, yeon'gi)
오기 (傲氣, ogi)
일기 (日氣, ilgi)
자기 (磁氣, jagi)
전기 (電氣, jeon'gi)
절기 (節氣, jeolgi)
증기 (蒸氣, jeunggi)
토기 (吐氣, togi)
향기 (香氣, hyanggi)
혈기 (血氣, hyeolgi)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

氣: Hán Nôm readings: khí

chữ Hán form of khí (“gas; air; spirit”).

Compounds

氣

Contents

Translingual

Han character

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Synonyms

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Pronunciation 2

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Compounds

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Japanese

Kanji

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Usage notes

Korean

Etymology

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Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character

Compounds

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氣

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Synonyms

Descendants

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Usage notes

Korean

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character

Compounds

Navigation menu

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