厄
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See also: 阨
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]厄 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一尸山 (MSU), four-corner 71212, composition ⿸厂㔾)
Derived characters
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 160, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2893
- Dae Jaweon: page 367, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 68, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5384
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 厄 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Possibly an ideogram (指事) of a person kneeling (卩), and a small stroke to accentuate the knee (now 厂).[1] Not cognate with 戹 (“yoke”) but eventually they shared meanings.
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡ) : phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 卪 (“joint; node”) – wood knot.
- ^ 季旭昇，2002《說文新證.下冊》，台北：藝文印書館，2002年10月第1版。p.72
Etymology 1
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
厄 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 戹 阨 𠂬 𭠀 | |
Probably related to 嗌 (OC *qleɡ, “throat”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Or borrowed from Tocharian B räk- and Tocharian A räk- (“to stretch, to spread”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nge2
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ak
- Eastern Min (BUC): áik
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8ngeq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nge6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nge2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nge
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: aak1 / ak1
- Yale: āak / āk
- Cantonese Pinyin: aak7 / ak7
- Guangdong Romanization: ag1 / eg1
- Sinological IPA (key): /aːk̚⁵/, /ɐk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ak2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ak̚⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ak
- Hakka Romanization System: agˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ag5
- Sinological IPA: /ak̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: áik
- Sinological IPA (key): /aiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- eh - vernacular;
- iak/ek - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: 'eak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qˤ<r>[i]k/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qreːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]厄
- harrowing; miserable
- disaster; calamity; catastrophe
- adversity; difficulty; distress
- to be stranded
- strategic point
- Alternative form of 軛／轭 (è, “yoke”)
Synonyms
[edit]- (harrowing):
- 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
- 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
- 困窮／困穷 (kùnqióng)
- 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
- 困難／困难
- 困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
- 宋凶 (Hokkien)
- 散 (Hokkien)
- 散凶 (Hokkien)
- 散赤 (Hokkien)
- 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
- 清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
- 磽／硗 (Teochew)
- 䆀康 (Hokkien)
- 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
- 窄
- 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
- 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
- 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
- 窮／穷 (qióng)
- 窮乏／穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
- 窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
- 窮㾪／穷㾪 (Hokkien)
- 窮苦／穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
- 窮赤／穷赤 (Hokkien)
- 艱苦／艰苦 (Hokkien)
- 苦寒 (kǔhán)
- 貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
- 貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
- 貧寒／贫寒 (pínhán)
- 貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
- 貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
- 貧苦／贫苦 (pínkǔ)
- (disaster):
- 亂兒／乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
- 人禍／人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
- 劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
- 劫煞 (Hokkien)
- 劫難／劫难 (jiénàn)
- 大禍／大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
- 大難／大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
- 天災／天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
- 央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
- 奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
- 巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
- 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 慘事／惨事 (cǎnshì)
- 慘劇／惨剧 (cǎnjù)
- 慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
- 沙𧐔 (sua1 sab4) (Teochew)
- 浩劫 (hàojié)
- 災／灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
- 災劫／灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
- 災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
- 災害／灾害 (zāihài)
- 災殃／灾殃 (zāiyāng)
- 災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
- 災變／灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
- 災難／灾难 (zāinàn)
- 癰疽／痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
- 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
- 禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
- 禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
- 禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
- 禍息／祸息 (ho5 si6) (Xiang)
- 禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
- 禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)
- (adversity):
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390
Etymology 2
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
厄 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ě
- Wade–Giles: o3
- Yale: ě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ee
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: è
- Wade–Giles: o4
- Yale: è
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
- Palladius: э (e)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]厄
- ‡ Used in 科厄.
Etymology 3
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
厄 | |
|---|---|---|
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): oh4
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: oh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: oh
- Sinological IPA (key): /oʔ²/
- (Teochew)
Definitions
[edit]厄
Synonyms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]厄
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: やく (yaku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: あく (aku)
- On: が (ga)←ぐわ (gwa, historical)
- Kun: やくしむ (yakushimu, 厄しむ)、わざわい (wazawai, 厄い)←わざはひ (wazafafi, 厄ひ, historical)、くるしむ (kurushimu, 厄しむ)
Noun
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 厄 |
| やく Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]厄: Hán Việt readings: ách
厄: Nôm readings: ách, ạch, ịch
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
[edit]Categories:
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- Translingual lemmas
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- Old Chinese terms derived from Tocharian B
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- Old Chinese terms derived from Tocharian A
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- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading やく
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading あく
- Japanese kanji with on reading が
- Japanese kanji with historical on reading ぐわ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading やく・しむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading わざわ・い
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading わざは・ひ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くる・しむ
- Japanese terms spelled with 厄 read as やく
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
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