困苦
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Chinese
[edit]| distress; sleepy; doze off | bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (困苦) | 困 | 苦 | |
| simp. #(困苦) | 困 | 苦 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kùnkǔ
- Wade–Giles: kʻun4-kʻu3
- Yale: kwùn-kǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuennkuu
- Palladius: куньку (kunʹku)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: kwan3 fu2
- Yale: kwan fú
- Cantonese Pinyin: kwan3 fu2
- Guangdong Romanization: kuen3 fu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
Adjective
[edit]困苦
Synonyms
[edit]- 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
- 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
- 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
- 困窮／困穷 (kùnqióng)
- 困難／困难
- 困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
- 宋凶 (Hokkien)
- 散 (Hokkien)
- 散凶 (Hokkien)
- 散赤 (Hokkien)
- 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
- 清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
- 磽／硗 (Teochew)
- 䆀康 (Hokkien)
- 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
- 窄
- 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
- 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
- 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
- 窮／穷 (qióng)
- 窮乏／穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
- 窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
- 窮㾪／穷㾪 (Hokkien)
- 窮苦／穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
- 窮赤／穷赤 (Hokkien)
- 艱苦／艰苦 (Hokkien)
- 苦寒 (kǔhán)
- 貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
- 貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
- 貧寒／贫寒 (pínhán)
- 貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
- 貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
- 貧苦／贫苦 (pínkǔ)
Noun
[edit]困苦
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 困 | 苦 |
| こん Grade: 6 |
く Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Verb
[edit]困苦する • (konku suru) ←こんく (konku)?suru (stem 困苦し (konku shi), past 困苦した (konku shita))
- to suffer
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "困苦する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 困苦し | こんくし | konku shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 困苦し | こんくし | konku shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 困苦する | こんくする | konku suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 困苦する | こんくする | konku suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 困苦すれ | こんくすれ | konku sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 困苦せよ¹ 困苦しろ² |
こんくせよ¹ こんくしろ² |
konku seyo¹ konku shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 困苦される | こんくされる | konku sareru | |
| Causative | 困苦させる 困苦さす |
こんくさせる こんくさす |
konku saseru konku sasu | |
| Potential | 困苦できる | こんくできる | konku dekiru | |
| Volitional | 困苦しよう | こんくしよう | konku shiyō | |
| Negative | 困苦しない | こんくしない | konku shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 困苦せず | こんくせず | konku sezu | |
| Formal | 困苦します | こんくします | konku shimasu | |
| Perfective | 困苦した | こんくした | konku shita | |
| Conjunctive | 困苦して | こんくして | konku shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 困苦すれば | こんくすれば | konku sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
[edit]Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 困
- Chinese terms spelled with 苦
- Advanced Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 困 read as こん
- Japanese terms spelled with 苦 read as く
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs