bez
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]See bezantler.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bez (plural bezes)
Translations
[edit]
|
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bez
- (nonstandard, dialectal) first-person plural simple present of be
- Synonym: (standard) are
- 2007 October 20, NiggydaHoe, “Re: 79yr old Nigger Idiot was suspended for racist bullshit”, in alt.music.white-power[1] (Usenet):
- We bez run to 'da good bad white man. He gonna fire 'da ova bad white man.
If 'da bad white man cain't sayz be[sic] niggas bez stupid in 'da heaad, wif' low
iq an' shit, 'dat mus' mean we bez humans.
- (nonstandard, dialectal) third-person plural simple present of be
- Synonym: (standard) are
See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Albanian
[edit]Noun
[edit]bez m (definite bezi)
- Alternative form of bëz
Aragonese
[edit]Noun
[edit]bez f
Basque
[edit]Noun
[edit]bez
Czech
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech bez, from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos.
Noun
[edit]bez m inan
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech bez, from Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.
Preposition
[edit]bez [with genitive]
Further reading
[edit]- “bez”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “bez”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “bez”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Kashubian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Preposition
[edit]bez [with genitive]
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Compare Polish bez and Silesian bez.
Preposition
[edit]bez [with accusative]
Further reading
[edit]- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “bez”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 6
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “bez”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[4], volume 1, page 73
- “bez”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka, Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Latgalian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź. Cognates include Latvian bez and Lithuanian be.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]bez (+ genitive)
References
[edit]- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 71
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź. Cognates include Latgalian bez and Lithuanian be.
Preposition
[edit]bez (with genitive)
Derived terms
[edit]Old Czech
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ.
Noun
[edit]bez m inan
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | bez | bzy | bzi, bzové |
genitive | bza, bzu | bzú | bzóv |
dative | bzu | bzoma | bzóm |
accusative | bez | bzy | bzy |
vocative | bze | bzy | bzi, bzové |
locative | bzě, bzu | bzú | bziech |
instrumental | bzem | bzoma | bzy |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
[edit]- Czech: bez
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Preposition
[edit]bez [with genitive]
- Denotes lack; without
- bez diva ― normally
- bez čísla ― countless
- Umřěl bez časa. ― He died prematurely.
- V ten čas bez města budieše ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Jest juž bez ňeho. ― He's already dead.
- Denotes action carried out against someone's wishes.
- Denotes interrupted action.
- Determines proximity in amount; nearly
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Czech: bez
References
[edit]- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “bez”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ. First attested in the 15th century.
Noun
[edit]bez m animacy unattested
- (attested in Greater Poland) elder (bush of genus Sambucus)
- 1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[5], [6], [7], volume XXIV, Grochów, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kcynia, page 65:
- Bess arborem fetidam
- [Bez arborem fetidam]
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez. First attested in 1418.
Preposition
[edit]bez
- (attested in Lesser Poland) without [with genitive]
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki[8], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego, pages 106, 4:
- Zblandzyly sø na pvsczy bez wod (erraverunt in solitudine, in inaquoso)
- [Zbłądzili są na puszczy bez wod (erraverunt in solitudine, in inaquoso)]
- (attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Lesser Poland) contra, against [with genitive]
- 1897 [1409], Teki Adolfa Pawińskiego[9], volume IV, number 1742, Łęczyca Land:
- Albertus jan mego czloweka... besz prawa
- [Albertus jął mego człowieka... bez prawa]
- 1901 [1425], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, Radom, Sandomierz, Opoczno, page 304:
- Ysze Jan Marczina kmecza *Szvinanywa dzirszal gy w yanczwe... y puszczyl gy bez urzandu szemskyego
- [Iże Jan Marcina kmiecia Świnianiwa dzirżał ji w jeństwie... i puścił ji bez urzędu ziemskiego]
- 1895 [1425], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici[10], volume VIIIa, page 166:
- Helwig ne poslal trzidzeszanth woszow do laszu Oppatowa besz yego woley
- [Helwig nie posłał trzydziesiąt wozow do lasu opatowa bez jego wolej]
- 1884 [c. 1455-1460], “Die Magdeburger Urtheile. Ein Deutschen Rechtes in polnischer Sprache aus der Mitte des XV Jahrhunderts”, in Aleksander Brückner, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume VII, page 564:
- Besz gych dzyaky an eren wyllen
- [Bez jich dzięki an eren wyllen]
- (attested in Greater Poland) besides, except [with genitive]
- 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich, volume 6, Poniec, page 129:
- Mogaly przyszyasznyczy myecz oszobnego pyszarza besz raczkyego, szlowye myesczkyego pyszarza?
- [Mogąli przysiężnicy mieć osobnego pisarza bez radzkiego, słowie miesckiego pisarza?]
- before [with genitive]
- 1886 [c. 1455-1460], Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Die polnische Recension der Magdeburger Urtheile und die einschlägigen deutschen, lateinischen und czechischen Sammlungen, page 185:
- Przyszaszely ku przysząstwu besz wyrzeczonego czassv, ten nye moze szye szam szandzycz przez przysząstwa przesz swe obesczye
- [Przysiężeli ku przysięstwu bez wyrzeczonego czasu, ten nie może sie sam zsadzić [prze]z przysięstwa przez swe obeście]
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]From bez, due to confusion with the rhyming preposition przez. The two words were and are used interchangeably in various dialects, and in Old Polish przez was about to replace bez around the 14th-15th century. In the written language the earlier distinction ultimately prevailed, however.[1] First attested in c. 1512.
Preposition
[edit]bez
- through, by [with accusative]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[11], page 103:
- Bez chytrość (per astutiam) Antypatrową lepak synowie Herodowi... byli podeźrani ojcu
- [Bez chytrość (per astutiam) Antypatrowę lepak synowie Herodowi... byli podeźrani ojcu]
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “bez”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 21
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “2. bez, beze”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “1. bez”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
- (Greater Poland):
- (Masovia):
- (Near Masovian) IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
- (Far Masovian) IPA(key): /ˈbɛs/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɛs
- Syllabification: bez
- Homophones: Bes, bez-
Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Noun
[edit]bez m inan
- elder (bush of genus Sambucus)
- lilac (bush of genus Syringa)
- Synonym: lilak
- pachnieć bzem ― to smell of lilac
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Preposition
[edit]bez
- without, lacking [with genitive ‘what’]
- Antonym: z
- Proszę o kawę bez mleka. ― A coffee with no milk, please.
- (Middle Polish) minus, less
- (Middle Polish) contra, against
- (Middle Polish) besides, except
- (Middle Polish) without; Further details are uncertain.
- 1532, Bartłomiej z Bydgoszczy, Słownik łacińsko-polski[12], page 116b:
- extra placitum, besz voley, nad volyą
- [extra placitum, bez wolej, nad wolą]
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), bez is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 70 times in scientific texts, 52 times in news, 89 times in essays, 129 times in fiction, and 119 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 459 times, making it the 99th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Etymology 3
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Preposition
[edit]bez
- (Poznań) because of [with accusative ‘what’]
- Synonym: z powodu
- (dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Near Masovian, Far Masovian) across, through [with accusative ‘what’]
- Synonym: przez
- Bez ten płot nie mógem preleźć. (Far Masovian) ― I couldn't go across this fence.
- 2000, Aneta Majkowska, Polszczyzna mówiona mieszkańców Częstochowy, page 185:
- Nie tu szosą tylko drogą polną bez pola my jechali z chłopem sąsiadki.
- We drove through the fields with the neighbor's man, not on the paved road, but on a dirt road.
Etymology 4
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]bez f
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- bez I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bez II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bez in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bez”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bez, beze, biez”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku
- “BEZ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku, 2016 November 9
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 119
- Oskar Kolberg (1867) “bez”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 268
- Antoni Krasnowolski (1879) “bez”, in Album uczącéj się młodzieży polskiéj poświęcone Józefowi Ignacemu Kraszewskiemu z powodu jubileuszu jego pięćdziesięcioletniéj działalności literackiéj (in Polish), Lviv: Czytelni Akademickiéj Lwowskiéj; "Gaz. Narod." J. Dobrzańskiego i K. Gromana, Słowniczek prowincjalizmów zebranych w ziemi chełmińskiej i świeckiej, page 298
- Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889) “bez”, in Jagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page 240
- Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “bez”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 103
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic без (bez), from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Adverb
[edit]bez
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez. Compare bez- and bes-.
Alternative forms
[edit]Preposition
[edit]bèz (Cyrillic spelling бѐз) (+ genitive case)
- without, excluding, not counting
- bez sumnje ― without a doubt
- ostati bez nečega ― to lose something, to run out of something, (literally: to stay without something)
- bez obzira na.. ― regardless of.., no matter what..is
- bez kraja i konca ― endlessly, without end
- ne bez razloga ― not without a reason
- bez srca ― heartlessly, without a heart
- bez r(ij)eči ― without a word, speechless
- biti bez nečega ― to be lacking in, to be deficient in, to lack (literally: to be without something)
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Akin to bezistan, bezli, besofra and bespara.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bȅz m (Cyrillic spelling бе̏з)
- linen, canvas
- (specifically) a type of cotton-made linen or canvas used in Oriental costumes, of several possible forms: ćereće, sedeluk, kafez or kafez-bez, melez, harir, šejtanbez and harirbez.
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- “bez”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
- “bez”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
- Škaljić, Abdulah (1966) Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, page 140
Silesian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Preposition
[edit]bez [with genitive]
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish bez.
Preposition
[edit]bez [with accusative]
- Alternative form of przez
Further reading
[edit]Slovak
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]bez [with genitive]
Further reading
[edit]- “bez”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Tatar
[edit]Noun
[edit]bez
Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish بز (bez); see there for more. The ultimate origin is Arabic بَزّ (bazz), however, an influence from Byzantine Greek βύσσος (bússos) has been postulated in order to explain the mismatch in the vowels.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bez (definite accusative bezi, plural bezler)
Declension
[edit]Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | bez | |
Definite accusative | bezi | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | bez | bezler |
Definite accusative | bezi | bezleri |
Dative | beze | bezlere |
Locative | bezde | bezlerde |
Ablative | bezden | bezlerden |
Genitive | bezin | bezlerin |
Etymology 2
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Proto-Turkic *beŕ.
Cognate with Kazakh без (bez, “gland”), Karachay-Balkar без (bez, “gland”), Southern Altai бес (bes, “gland”), Uzbek bez (“gland”), Uyghur بەز (bez, “gland”), Turkmen mäz (“gland”), Bashkir биҙ (biź, “gland”), Tuvan бес (bes, “gland”), Chuvash пар (par, “gland”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bez (definite accusative bezi, plural bezler)
Declension
[edit]Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | bez | |
Definite accusative | bezi | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | bez | bezler |
Definite accusative | bezi | bezleri |
Dative | beze | bezlere |
Locative | bezde | bezlerde |
Ablative | bezden | bezlerden |
Genitive | bezin | bezlerin |
References
[edit]- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2018) “Fabrication of Turkic böz 'fabric' in Japan and Korea”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 71, number 3, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, pages 263–284.
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
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- Rhymes:English/iːz
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- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Rhymes:Czech/ɛs
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- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
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- Czech prepositions
- cs:Moschatel family plants
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ɛs
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ɛs/1 syllable
- Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
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- Old Czech nouns with reducible stem
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- zlw-ocs:Moschatel family plants
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Greater Poland Old Polish
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- zlw-opl:Moschatel family plants
- Polish 1-syllable words
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- Rhymes:Polish/ɛs
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- pl:Moschatel family plants
- pl:Olive family plants
- Romanian terms borrowed from Old Church Slavonic
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- Serbo-Croatian nouns
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- sh:Clothing
- sh:Fabrics
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɛs
- Rhymes:Silesian/ɛs/1 syllable
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- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- tr:Anatomy