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Archived revision by Fish bowl (talk | contribs) as of 05:03, 18 November 2024.
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See also: 𠅙
U+4EAE, 亮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAE

[U+4EAD]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4EAF]
U+F977, 亮
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F977

[U+F976]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F978]

Translingual

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Stroke order (Mainland China)
9 strokes

Alternative forms

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 8, +7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口月山 (YRBU), four-corner 00217, composition or ⿱⿳(G) or ⿱⿳(HTJK or U+F977))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 89, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 304
  • Dae Jaweon: page 188, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 286, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4EAE

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𠅙

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *raŋs) : semantic (person) + phonetic (OC *kraŋ, building; tower). In the variant 𠅙, the body of the tower is more recognizable.

Etymology

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Part of an Austroasiatic word family; compare Khmer [script needed] (-rāṃṅa, to be light; to be bright) (Schuessler, 2007), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *raaŋʔ (light; to shine); as well as:

Alternatively, STEDT compares it to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (to shine; light; bright).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
    • liāng - colloquial;
    • liōng - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /liɑŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /liaŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /liɑŋ⁵³/
Jinan /liaŋ²¹/
Qingdao /liaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /liaŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /liaŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /liɔ̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /liɑŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /liɑ̃¹³/
Ürümqi /liɑŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /niaŋ³⁵/
Chengdu /niaŋ¹³/
Guiyang /niaŋ²¹³/
Kunming /liã̠²¹²/
Nanjing /liaŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /liɑ̃⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /liɒ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao /liɑŋ³⁵/
/luə³⁵/
Hohhot /liɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /liã²³/
Suzhou /liã³¹/
Hangzhou /liɑŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /li²²/
Hui Shexian /lia²²/
Tunxi /liau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /lian⁵⁵/
/lian¹¹/
Xiangtan /nian²¹/
Gan Nanchang /liɔŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /lioŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan /lioŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lœŋ²²/
Nanning /lœŋ²²/
Hong Kong /lœŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liɔŋ²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /luɔŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /liɔŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /liaŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /liaŋ³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ljangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/liɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/liɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lɨaŋH/
Li
Rong
/liaŋH/
Wang
Li
/lĭaŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/li̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
liàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
loeng6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
liàng
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljangH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]aŋ-s/
English brightness

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 8062
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*raŋs/

Definitions

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  1. bright; brilliant; radiant
  2. loud and clear
  3. (dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, Xiang) lamp; light
  4. to shine; to illuminate
    [Eastern Min]  ―  Liông-dō̤ / [l̃uoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ (t-)no³³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]  ―  Liang Island, Beigan, Lienchiang (Matsu), ROC (Taiwan)
  5. (neologism) to be the highlight; to be epic
  6. to make one's voice loud and clear; to raise one's voice
  7. to reveal; to disclose
      ―  liàng dāo  ―  to brandish a knife
  8. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (loud and clear):

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. clear
  2. help

Readings

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Compounds

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Proper noun

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(りょう) (Ryōりやう (Ryau)?

  1. a male given name

(あきら) (Akira

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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(eum (ryang))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: lượng, lương

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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