John Wayne

John Wayne
Wayne, mnamo 1965
Amezaliwa	Marion Robert Morrison (1907-05-26)Mei 26, 1907 Winterset, Iowa, U.S.
Amekufa	11 Juni 1979 (umri 72) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Kazi yake	Mwigizaji, Mwongozaji filamu, Mtayarishaji wa filamu
Miaka ya kazi	1926–1976
Ndoa	Josephine Alicia Saenz (1933–1945) Esperanza Baur (1946–1954) Pilar Pallete (1954–1979)
Tovuti rasmi

Marion Mitchell Morrison (26 Mei 1907 – 11 Juni 1979) amezaliwa na jina la Marion Robert Morrison, lakini anajulikana sana kwa jina la kisanii kama John Wayne, alikuwa mwigizaji wa filamu, mwongozaji, na mtayarishaji kutoka nchini Marekani. Anafahamika sana kwa sauti yake chini-chini, utembeaji na urefu. Pia alifahamika kwa michango yake ya kimawazo juu ya siasa na kuunga mkono kwake sera za kupinga-ukomunisti.

Toleo la Harris Poll la mwezi wa Januari 2009 limemweka Wayne sehemu ya tatu akiwa kama moja kati ya manyota wa filamu wenye wapenzi huko nchini Marekani,^[1] nyota pekee aliyekufa na kuonekana kwenye orodha yao kila mwaka tangu kuanza kutolewa kwake mnamo mwaka wa 1994.

Mnamo mwaka wa 1999,Taasisi ya Filamu ya Marekani imempa Wayne nafasi ya 13 kwenye orodha yao ya Waigizaji Wakali wa Kiume wa Muda Wote.

Wayne alizaliwa na jina la Marion Robert Morrison mjini Winterset, Iowa.^[2] Jina lake la kati lilibadilishwa mapema kutoka Robert na kuwa Mitchell pale wazazi wake walipoamua kumwita mtoto wao aliyefuatia jina la Robert. Familia yake walikuwa Wapresbyteri. Baba yake, Clyde Leonard Morrison, (1884–1937), alikuwa na asili ya Kiere, Mskoti-Mweire na Mwingereza, na ni mtoto wa mkongwe aliyepigana Vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe ya Marekani Bw. Marion Mitchell Morrison (1845–1915). Mama yake, zamani Mary Alberta Brown (1885–1970), alikuwa anatokea Lancaster County, Nebraska.

Familia ya Wayne ilihamia mjini Palmdale, California, na mnamo 1911 wakaelekea zao mjini Glendale, California, ambapo baba yake alifanya kazi kama mfamasia. Mzima moto mmoja kwenye kituo hicho wakati John yuko katika safari zake za kila siku za kuelekea shule huko Glendale akaanza kumwita "Little Duke", kwa sababu alikuwa haendi popote bila ya jibwa lake kubwa la Airedale Terrier, Duke.^[3][4] Yeye akapendekeza "Duke" kuwa badala ya "Marion," na jina hilo likamkaa kwa maisha yake yote.

• Baur, Andreas, and Bitterli, Konrad. "Brave Lonesome Cowboy. Der Mythos des Westerns in der Gegenwartskunst oder: John Wayne zum 100. Geburtstag". Verlag für moderne Kunst Nürnberg. Nuremberg 2007 ISBN 978-3-939738-15-2.
• Roberts, Randy, and James S. Olson. John Wayne: American. New York: Free Press, 1995 ISBN 978-0-02-923837-0.
• Campbell, James T. "Print the Legend: John Wayne and Postwar American Culture". Reviews in American History, Volume 28, Number 3, Septemba 2000, pp. 465–477.
• Shepherd, Donald, and Robert Slatzer, with Dave Grayson. Duke: The Life and Times of John Wayne. New York: Doubleday, 1985 ISBN 0-385-17893-X.
• Carey, Harry Jr. A Company of Heroes: My Life as an Actor in the John Ford Stock Company. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1994 ISBN 0-8108-2865-0.
• Clark, Donald & Christopher Anderson. John Wayne's The Alamo: The Making of the Epic Film. New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1995 ISBN 0-8065-1625-9. (pbk.)
• Eyman, Scott. Print the Legend: The Life and Times of John Ford. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999 ISBN 0-684-81161-8.
• McCarthy, Todd. Howard Hawks: The Grey Fox of Hollywood. New York: Grove Press, 1997 ISBN 0-8021-1598-5.
• Maurice Zolotow., Shooting Star: A Biography of John Wayne. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1974 ISBN 0-671-82969-6.
• Jim Beaver, "John Wayne". Films in Review, Volume 28, Number 5, Mei 1977, pp. 265–284.
• McGivern, Carolyn. John Wayne: A Giant Shadow. Bracknell, England: Sammon, 2000 ISBN 0-9540031-0-1.
• Munn, Michael. John Wayne: The Man Behind the Myth. London: Robson Books, 2003 ISBN 0-451-21244-4.
• Davis, Ronald L. Duke: The Life and Times of John Wayne. University of Oklahoma Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8061-3329-5.
• Raab, Markus, Beautiful Hearts, Laughers at the World, Bowlers. Worldviews of the Late Western; in: Baur/Bitterli: Brave Lonesome Cowboy. Der Myhos des Westerns in der Gegenwartskunst oder: John Wayne zum 100. Geburtstag, Nuremberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-939738-15-2.

• Official John Wayne website
• John Wayne katika Find A Grave
• John Wayne Cancer Foundation
• John Wayne Cancer Institute
• Birthplace of John Wayne official website Archived 10 Aprili 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
• John Wayne kwenye Internet Movie Database
• John Wayne katika TCM Movie Database
• John Wayne katika All Movie Guide
• John Wayne walks into Stardom
• The Duke
• Wayne & Martin, The Sons of Katie Elder photo: "Too many cooks"

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

John Wayne

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