Chenopodium album

Familia: Amaranthaceae s.l.
Cladus: Chenopodiaceae s.str.
Subfamilia: Chenopodioideae
Tribus: Chenopodieae
Genus: Chenopodium
Species: Chenopodium album
Subspecies: C. a. subsp. album – C. a. subsp. borbasii – C. a. subsp. iranicum – C. a. subsp. pedunculare

Chenopodium album L., Sp. Pl. 1: 219. (1753)

• Type locality: "Habitat in agris Europae".
• Lectotype (designated by Brenan 1954, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Chenopod.: 6): LINN No. LINN 313.8.

According to Clemants, S.E. & Mosyakin, S.L., C. album is a loosely arranged aggregate of still insufficiently understood races, with hundreds of segregate microspecies and infraspecific entities (including nomenclatural combinations).

• Homotypic
  • Atriplex alba (L.) Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 206. (1766)
  • Botrys alba (L.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 276. (1914)
• Heterotypic (ref. Uotila 2011:)
  • Chenopodium album subsp. diversifolium Aellen, in Bot. Not. 1928: 209. 1928
  • Chenopodium diversifolium (Aellen) F.Dvořák, in Scripta Fac. Sci. Nat. Univ. Purkyn. Brunensis, Biol. 16: 10. 1986
  • Chenopodium reticulatum Aellen, in Bot. Not. 1928: 205. 1928
  • Chenopodium album subsp. reticulatum (Aellen) Greuter & Burdet, in Willdenowia 13: 282. 1984
  • Chenopodium glomerulosum Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 579. 1832
    • Type: no original specimens could be found (Iamonico & Mosyakin, 2018: 69.)
  • Chenopodium griseochlorinum F.Dvořák, in Feddes Repert. 105: 426. 1994
  • Chenopodium lanceolatum Willd., Enum. Pl.: 291. 1809
  • Chenopodium neoalbum F.Dvořák, in Feddes Repert. 103: 66. 1992
  • Chenopodium paganum Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 579. 1832
  • Botrys pagana (Rchb.) Lunell, American Midland Naturalist 4(7): 305. 1916.
  • Chenopodium viride L., Sp. Pl.: 219. 1753
  • Atriplex viridis (L.) Crantz, Institutiones Rei Herbariae 1: 207. 1766
  • Blitum viride (L.) Moench, Methodus (Moench) 359. 1794
  • Chenopodium viridescens (St.-Amans) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Fl. Tirol 6(2): 109. 1909
  • Chenopodium album subsp. fallax Aellen, in Bot. Not. 1928: 208. 1928
  • Chenopodium album subsp. ovatum Aellen, in Bot. Not. 1928: 209. 1928
• (ref. Iamonico & Mosyakin, 2018)
  • Chenopodium concatenatum Thuill., Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2. 125. (1799)
    • Lectotype (selected by Iamonico & Mosyakin, 2018: 71): France. Paris, habitat in locis glareosis, an 1799, Thuillier s.n. Lectotype: G G00177356 [1].

• (additional synonym names by The Plant List, 2016)
  • Anserina candidans (Lam.) Montandon, Syn. Fl. Jura 262. (1856)
  • Chenopodium agreste E.H.L.Krause, Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2, 5: 152. (1901)
  • Chenopodium bernburgense (Murr) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: 174. (1912 publ. 1913)
  • Chenopodium bicolor Bojer ex Moq., Prodr. 13(2): 71. (1849), nom. inval. in syn.
  • Chenopodium borbasiforme (Murr) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: 174. (1912 publ. 1913)
  • Chenopodium browneanum Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 275. (1820)
  • Chenopodium candicans Lam., Fl. Franç. 3: 248. (1779)
  • Chenopodium catenulatum Schleich. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 1: 348. (1840), nom. inval. in syn.
  • Chenopodium × densifoliatum (Ludw. & Aellen) F.Dvořák, Scripta Fac. Sci. Nat. Univ. J. E. Purkynianae Brun. 17: 426. (1987)
  • Chenopodium elatum Shuttlew. ex Moq., Prodr. 13(2): 71. (1849), nom. inval. in syn.
  • Chenopodium laciniatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 59. (1824)
  • Chenopodium leiospermum DC., Fl. Franç. ed. 3, 3: 390. (1805)
  • Chenopodium lobatum (Prodán) F.Dvořák, Feddes Repert. 98: 571. (1987)
  • Chenopodium missouriense Aellen, Bot. Not. 1928: 206. (1928)
  • Chenopodium neglectum Dumort., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 4: 339. (1865)
  • Chenopodium opulaceum Neck., Delic. Gallo-Belg. 1: 130. (1768)
  • Chenopodium ovalifolium (Aellen) F.Dvořák, Scripta Fac. Sci. Nat. Univ. J. E. Purkynianae Brun. 17: 418. (1987)
  • Chenopodium paucidentatum (Aellen) F.Dvořák, Scripta Fac. Sci. Nat. Univ. J. E. Purkynianae Brun. 17: 431. (1987)
  • Chenopodium probstii Aellen, Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Solothurn 8(20): 56. (1928)
  • Chenopodium riparium Boenn. ex Moq., Prodr. 13(2): 71. (1849), nom. inval. in syn.
  • Chenopodium serotinum Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 1: 405. (1829), nom. illeg. (later homonym of Chenopodium serotinum L., 1756)
  • Chenopodium subaphyllum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 91: 421. (1895)
  • Chenopodium superalbum F.Dvořák, Scripta Fac. Sci. Nat. Univ. J. E. Purkynianae Brun. 16: 33. (1986)
  • Chenopodium vulgare Gueldenst. ex Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 3: 700. (1851), nom. inval. in syn.
  • Chenopodium vulpinum Buch.-Ham., Numer. List 6954. (1832), nom. inval.
  • Chenopodium zobelii Murr ex Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5: 72, 75. (1913), nom. inval.
  • Vulvaria albescens Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 1: 176. (1897), nom. illeg. (cites C. album L. as synonym)

Native distribution areas:

Europe Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland Southwestern Europe France, Portugal, Spain Southeastern Europe Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia Eastern Europe Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine Africa Northern Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia Macaronesia Madeira Islands Asia-Temperate Caucasus Azerbaijan, Georgia Western Asia Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Naturalised elsewhere, occurs nearly worldwide: "an aggregate of still insufficiently understood races, with hundreds of segregate microspecies and infraspecific entities" (Clemants & Mosyakin, S.L. 2008) References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 219. Reference page. 
• Crantz, H.I.N. 1766. Institutiones rei herbariae juxta nutum naturae digestae ex habitu. Tomus I. LVI+592 pp. Impensis Ioannis Pauli Kraus, Vienna. Biblioteca Digital Internet Archive Reference page. : 206
• Nieuwland, J.A. 1914. Notes on our local plants. - VI. American Midland Naturalist 3: 274–283. BHL Reference page. : 276

• Iamonico, D. & Mosyakin, S.L. 2018. Studies on Chenopodium album s. l. (Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae s. l.): Chenopodium pedunculare. Annali di Botanica. Roma 8: 67–74. DOI: 10.4462/annbotrm-14240 Reference page. 
• Uotila, P. 2011. Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore). Chenopodium album In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
• Clemants, S.E. & Mosyakin, S.L.
• eFloras 2008. Chenopodium album in Flora of North America. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

• Hassler, M. 2018. Chenopodium album. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 June 13. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2016. Chenopodium album. Published online. Accessed: Mar. 3 2016.
• The Plant List 2013. Chenopodium album in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2016 Mar. 3.
• Tropicos.org 2016. Chenopodium album. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 3 Mar. 2016.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Chenopodium album in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

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