Mikhail Kalinin

Mikhail Kalinin
Mikhail Kalinin
Михаил Калинин
	Kalinin in 1920
1st President of the Soviet Union
	In office; 17 January 1938 – 19 March 1946
Premier	Vyacheslav Molotov; Joseph Stalin;
Vice President	Nikolai Shvernik
Preceded by	Office established; Himself (as Chairman of the Central Executive Cqommittee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets)
Succeeded by	Nikolai Shvernik
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets
	In office; 30 March 1919 – 15 July 1938
Premier	Vladimir Lenin; Alexei Rykov; Vyacheslav Molotov;
Preceded by	Yakov Sverdlov; Mikhail Vladimirsky (acting)
Succeeded by	Office abolished; Himself (as President)
Full member of the 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th Politburo
	In office; 1 January 1926 – 3 June 1946
Member of the Orgburo
	In office; 16 March 1921 – 2 June 1924
Candidate member of the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th Politburo
	In office; 25 March 1919 – 1 January 1926
Personal details
Born	Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin; 19 March 1875; Verkhnyaya Troitsa, Tver Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	3 June 1946 (aged 71); Moscow, Soviet Union
Resting place	Kremlin Wall Necropolis, Moscow
Political party	RSDLP (1898–1903); RSDLP (Bolsheviks) (1903–1918); CPSU (1918–1946);
Spouse(s)	Ekaterina Ivanovna Lorberg-Kalinina
Occupation	Politician, Civil servant
Signature

Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин, ru; 19 March 1875 – 3 June 1946)^[1]^[2]^[3] was a Russian politician revolutionary who was the head of state of the Soviet Union. First as the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets from 1919 to 1938, then as the first president of the Soviet Union from 1938 to 1946. He is the longest-serving head of state in the country, serving for 27 years.

Although Kalinin was the president, he did not hold any real power especially under Joseph Stalin, whom Kalinin had a very close relationship with. Kalinin was seen as a puppet of Stalin and that Stalin held the real power behind the scenes. In 1946, Kalinin retired from politics and died later that same year. The city of Tver was also known as Kalinin until 1990, when its historic name was restored, one year before the eventual fall of the Soviet Union.

References

↑ Agentstvo pechati "Novosti" (1975). Socialism: Theory and Practice. Novosti Press Agency. p. 73. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
↑ Calendar: Thirty Years of the Soviet State, 1917–1947. Foreign Languages Publishing House. 1947. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
↑ Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party: A Study in the Technology of Power. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959; p. 1.

[1] Agentstvo pechati "Novosti" (1975). Socialism: Theory and Practice. Novosti Press Agency. p. 73. Retrieved 19 November 2018.

[2] Calendar: Thirty Years of the Soviet State, 1917–1947. Foreign Languages Publishing House. 1947. Retrieved 19 November 2018.

[3] Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party: A Study in the Technology of Power. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959; p. 1.

[1]

[2]

[3]