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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Tiphaine Guillet (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Lauriane Mouysset (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The study aims at reconciling contrasting productive and environmental goals of agricultural policies at a given budget in the context of climate change. Based on a quantitative bioeconomic model integrating interdependencies between agricultural systems and agroecosystems, we compare the impacts of 4 contrasted public policy scenarios based either on productive (food or energy) or environmental goals (pollution reduction or ecosystem state) on a set of 18 bioeconomic indicators. We run the policy scenarios under two contrasted climate change scenarios to investigate their robustness. We confirm that it is possible to achieve productive and environmental goals with the ongoing budget of European agricultural policy. Synergies between productive and environmental performances exist even if they are not trivial nor systematic. More precisely, an agricultural public policy which focuses on energy production might offer a good compromise regarding the different facets of agricultural landscapes. The Pollution scenario constitutes a credible environmentally oriented alternative even if it remains slightly less competitive regarding both ecological and economic sides than an energyoriented policy. Eventually, our analysis shows that our conclusions are robust to climate change, suggesting that adequate agricultural public policies might attenuate climate change effects when considering intermediary climate change scenarios. |
| Keywords: | land-use change, ecosystem service, bioeconomic model, public policy scenario, Europe, terrestrial biodiversity, socioecological system, climate change |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03919917&r=env |
| By: | Kang, Ji Hyun (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | On July 14, 2021, the European Union announced EU Fit for 55, a climate target package comprising 13 policies representing legislation and new initiatives. Among the proposals were those related to the transition toward a more competitive industrial structure, including a stronger and expanded EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), the Effort Sharing Regulation Mechanism (CBAM). Also mentioned were the phased abolition of the free allocation of emission rights in aviation, the inclusion of maritime transportation in the ETS framework, and addition of a separate ETS for buildings and road transportation. Stronger ESR targets were announced for areas not originally included in the ETS framework, and full-scale CBAM implementation in five areas was scheduled to begin in 2026 after a transitional period from 2023 to 2025. To support a fair transition and alleviate inequality and energy poverty, Fit for 55 proposes the creation of the Social Climate Fund (SCF), raised through a portion of revenues from the new ETS to encourage clean investment and resolve social distribution issues that may arise amid the green transition. The process behind the EU’s development of carbon neutrality policy leading up to Fit for 55 carries useful implications to Korea. The purpose of this paper is analyze the potential impacts of the Fit for 55 initiative and emphasize the importance of transparency and data sharing in building public support for the policy. |
| Keywords: | EU Fit for 55; carbon neutrality; environmental policy; emissions; emissions policy; climate change; carbon neutrality policy |
| JEL: | F55 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2021_022&r=env |
| By: | Park, Sohee (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | As action to respond to the climate crisis galvanizes globally, carbon neutrality, the circular economy and sustainable development are emerging as key concepts for structural socioeconomic transformation. Countries around the world, led by Europe, are now establishing policies and related institutions for carbon neutrality. In pursuing carbon neutrality — which refers to zero net carbon emissions — countries around the world are considering ways to offset greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by using carbon sinks such as forests and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions from human activity as much as possible. Each country’s carbon neutrality policies contain a core vision, along with more specific goals, strategies, and implementation plans for carbon neutrality. This work identifies the implications for the Korean response to the challenges described previously and for the promotion of carbon neutrality policies by comparing the Korean and Chinese strategies. This study first examines the current status of carbon neutrality policy promotion in Korea and China, and then draws implications for the promotion of carbon neutrality policy in Korea through a comparative analysis of core carbon neutrality policy case studies in the two countries. |
| Keywords: | carbon neutrality; net-zero emissions; net-zero; carbon neutrality policy; China; Korea; emissions; carbon emissions; environmental policy; industrial policy; greenhouse gases; GHGs; greenhouse gas emissions; GHG emissions; carbon capture utilization and storage; CCUS |
| JEL: | Q01 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2022_014&r=env |
| By: | Gwak, Daejong (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Compared with the Paris Agreement, in which countries agreed to reduce carbon emissions, the current paradigm is shifting to the pursuit of carbon neutrality, which has cost implications for carbon positive beyond reduction. In order to actively respond to climate change, global regulations and corporate management activities have changed, and as a result, the global economic order is being reorganized with a focus on carbon neutrality. Major countries are promoting the simultaneous achievement of economic revitalization and carbon neutrality through green industry development. In particular, Korea, Japan, and China, the economies of which feature a strong manufacturing sector and energy-intensive industrial structures, as well as insufficient energy resources, face many challenges in transitioning to a carbon-neutral economy. From this point of view, this article examines the carbon-neutral policies of Korea, Japan, and China, summarizes the potential and current status of each country’s photovoltaic (PV) sector, and identifies implications for policy these findings carry for Korea. |
| Keywords: | energy; energy policy; environmental policy; solar photovoltaic; solar energy; solar power; solar PV; PV; environmental regulations; Korea; China; Japan; net-zero; carbon neutrality; net zero emissions; carbon emissions; emissions policy; climate change |
| JEL: | Q53 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2022_005&r=env |
| By: | Pierre Lavigne; Peter Tankov |
| Abstract: | We build a model of a financial market where a large number of firms determine their dynamic emission strategies under climate transition risk in the presence of both green-minded and neutral investors. The firms aim to achieve a trade-off between financial and environmental performance, while interacting through the stochastic discount factor, determined in equilibrium by the investors' allocations. We formalize the problem in the setting of mean-field games and prove the existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium for firms. We then present a convergent numerical algorithm for computing this equilibrium and illustrate the impact of climate transition risk and the presence of green-minded investors on the market decarbonization dynamics and share prices. We show that uncertainty about future climate risks and policies leads to higher overall emissions and higher spreads between share prices of green and brown companies. This effect is partially reversed in the presence of environmentally concerned investors, whose impact on the cost of capital spurs companies to reduce emissions. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2301.09163&r=env |
| By: | Marshall Burke; Marissa L. Childs; Brandon De la Cuesta; Minghao Qiu; Jessica Li; Carlos F. Gould; Sam Heft-Neal; Michael Wara |
| Abstract: | Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the US over the past several decades have led to large public health benefits, and the policies that helped drive these improvements are considered landmarks in successful environmental policymaking. However, recent trends in PM2.5 concentrations, a key pollutant, have stagnated or begun to reverse throughout much of the US. We quantify the contribution of wildfire smoke to these trends and find that since 2016, wildfire smoke has significantly slowed or reversed previous improvements in average annual PM2.5 concentrations in two-thirds of US states, eroding 23% of previous gains on average in those states (equivalent to 3.6 years of air quality progress) and over 50% in multiple western states. Smoke influence on trends in extreme PM2.5 concentrations is detectable by 2010 and is concentrated in a dozen western states. Wildfire-driven increases in ambient PM2.5 concentrations are unregulated under current air pollution law, and, absent additional intervention, wildfire's contribution to regional and national air quality trends is likely to grow as the climate continues to warm. |
| JEL: | Q5 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30882&r=env |
| By: | Lim, Soyoung (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | With the outbreak of COVID-19, the world has formed a consensus on the importance of sustainability and interest in sustainability is higher than ever. The heretofore paradigm of the global economy, in which short-term efficiency was the most important organizing purpose, is shifting toward long-term sustainability. In terms of investment and finance, sustainability factors are becoming important, and consequently, the industry is also assigning weight to activities and business operations that consider sustainability beyond financial returns. Green Swan events are serious and complex, with a certain risk of occurring in the future in some form. Therefore, even if the timing and impact of their occurrence is unpredictable, they are events that require active preparation. Climate change impacts represent Green Swan events. They are irreversible, with widespread and multifarious effects around the world. After COVID-19, there is a need to consider the pandemic as a Green Swan event. This is because it is recognized that the global spread of infectious diseases after COVID-19 is likely to occur or is expected to occur, and that it is irreversibly transforming the global economic and social system. This report examines trends in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investment, which have recently come to dominate discussions of investment standards, and analyzes the status of strengthening climate change information disclosure and establishing a green classification system to enhance the objectivity and transparency of green activities |
| Keywords: | green swan; green swan event; sustainability; climate change; Korea; environment; environmental economics; COVID-19 |
| JEL: | Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2021_020&r=env |
| By: | Toba, Natsuko (International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group, US); Jamasb, Tooraj (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Maurer, Luiz (LM Engineering and Consulting, Richmond, US); Sen, Anupama (Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK) |
| Abstract: | Globally, auctions are increasingly popular to competitively promote and procure renewable energy technologies to meet energy, social, and climate change objectives. To do so, auction designs need to accommodate technological progress, declining costs, and increasing demand for Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG). This chapter focuses on auctions of large scale solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) in Southeast and East Asia. It revisits the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of auctions while focusing on the ESG component from the perspective of key stakeholders, such as investors, government, bidders, and communities regarding efficient allocations of risks, costs, and benefits. The chapter then relates this framework to real-world practices and international evidence on solar PV as well as those without BESS. The analysis shows that integrating ESG in the auction designs and business models is possible and could benefit business and sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy; Solar power; Battery storage; Auction design |
| JEL: | D00 D40 D80 L00 L10 L90 |
| Date: | 2023–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2023_003&r=env |
| By: | Alvarado, Víctor; Tambutti, Marcia; Rankovic, Aleksandar |
| Abstract: | The severity of cascading global environmental, climate, economic, social and health crises is such that they sometimes seem insurmountable. ECLAC has therefore compiled a set of best practices, drawing from cases in Latin America and the Caribbean that can serve as models to promote comprehensive structural change and improve socioeconomic and environmental well-being. This study addresses challenges, opportunities and lessons learned as to how mainstreaming biodiversity in the agriculture, fisheries, forestry, financial, manufacturing, infrastructure and tourism sectors is a catalyst for the transition towards comprehensive development, in line with the 2030 Agenda, and a fundamental tool for the implementation of the new post-2020 global biodiversity framework. The cases, implemented at varying scales, in diverse ecosystems and with different approaches, show that the shift towards environmentally-friendly production and development patterns is under way in various sectors of the region and that initiatives can be replicated and scaled up. |
| Keywords: | DIVERSIDAD BIOLOGICA, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, SECTOR INDUSTRIAL, INSTITUCIONES FINANCIERAS, PRODUCTIVIDAD, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, PRODUCTIVITY |
| Date: | 2022–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48544&r=env |
| By: | Robert Germeshausen; Sven Heim; Ulrich Wagner |
| Abstract: | The rise of societal goals like climate change mitigation and energy security calls for rapid capacity growth in renewable electricity sources, yet citizens’ support is put to a test when such technologies emit negative local externalities. We estimate the impact of wind turbine deployment on granular measures of revealed preferences for renewable electricity in product and political markets. We address potentially endogenous siting of turbines with an IV design that exploits quasi experimental variation in profitability induced by subsidies. We find that wind turbines significantly reduce citizens’ support locally, but this effect quickly fades with distance from the site. We assess policy instruments for enhancing citizens’ support for renewable energy in light of our results |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy, Wind Power, Public Support, Elections, Externalities |
| JEL: | D12 D72 Q42 Q48 Q50 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2023_390&r=env |
| By: | Becchetti, Leonardo; Conzo, Gianluigi; Salustri, Francesco |
| Abstract: | Climate challenge can be modelled as a multiplayer prisoner's dilemma where any ecological action - i.e., purchasing an electric car or adopting sustainable life styles - is a costly action in terms of economic resources, time, and effort for individuals. According to the well-known embedded social dilemma, even though the social benefit is maximised when everyone takes ecological actions, the Nash equilibrium of the game if all players have standard self-interested preferences is not acting. In this paper we analyse how this ecological prisoner's dilemma is affected by people's perception. Using the European Social Survey, we look at how urgent the climate threat is perceived by respondents and what they think about other countries' willingness to take ecological actions. Theoretical predictions suggest that the former increases, while the latter does not affect willingness to take ecological actions. Our empirical findings on a large sample of European citizens however show that both factors positively affect willingness to take actions. We interpret the positive effect of other country action on the individual responsibility to take actions in terms of conditional cooperation and show that the effect is weaker in countries and regions with higher social capital. |
| Keywords: | climate change, perception, ecological actions, social dilemma, conditional cooperation |
| JEL: | H41 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1231&r=env |
| By: | Park, Yumi (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated in May 2020 that as fossil fuel consumption in the transportation sector drops, petrochemicals will explain the majority of future increases in oil demand, accounting for 33 percent of overall growth by 2030 and nearly half by 2050. The announcement in October 2020 that Aramco, the world’s largest oil company, will refit its refinery in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia for petrochemical production supports this forecast. However, climate crisis research group Carbon Tracker stated in a report titled The Future’s Not in Plastics that while oversupply — as exemplified by the expansion at Aramco’s Yanbu facility — hurts profitability, the oil-based plastic industry will suffer from the spread and tightening of regulations designed to combat the plastic pollution crisis. According to BP’s 2019 energy forecast, regulations such as bans on the use of disposable plastics could significantly reduce the demand for oil, which is the key component of most plastics. The European Union Board of Directors resolved last year to accept new contributions from member states in proportion to the amount of non-recyclable plastic waste created to meet future expenditures. If a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is implemented, the future of polymers that are heavily reliant on fossil fuels could become even more uncertain. This article examines the causes of the plastic pollution crisis, which provided the impetus for the enforcement of policies impacting plastic demand, as well as the approaches used by the EU, China, the United States, and South Korea to deal with the crisis. It also examines contemporary responses by businesses and the implications carried for policy. |
| Keywords: | plastics; pollution; petrochemicals; petrochemical industry; plastic pollution; industrial policy; carbon border adjustment mechanism; CBAM; environmental policy |
| JEL: | L65 Q53 |
| Date: | 2022–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2022_010&r=env |
| By: | Garbarino, Nicola (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and Ifo Institute for Economic Research); Guin, Benjamin (Bank of England); Lee, Jonathan (University of Glasgow) |
| Abstract: | Subsidised insurance against extreme weather events improves its affordability among households in high-risk areas but it can weaken the risk signal via property prices. Leveraging a granular data set of all property transactions and flooding in England, we study the effects of a reinsurance scheme which lowers insurance premiums for at-risk properties. We document that the introduction of this scheme increases prices and transaction volumes of flood-prone properties. This fully offsets the negative direct effects of flooding on property prices, with high-income areas and high-value properties benefiting relatively more. Our findings speak to the debate on transition risk and wealth redistribution in response to public interventions addressing climate change. |
| Keywords: | House prices; flood risk; flood insurance; climate risks |
| JEL: | G21 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boe:boeewp:0995&r=env |
| By: | Davi-Arderius, Daniel (University of Barcelona); Schittekatte, Tim (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | In recent years, European system operators have been more frequently needing to redispatch generation, load, or both, after the day-ahead market clearing to ensure that the final dispatch schedule does not violate any network limit. In this paper, we focus on the environmental impact of redispatch processes. We use hourly data from the Spanish market operator and transmission system operator between 2019-2021 to analyze the emissions introduced by redispatch processes. We find that while redispatch energy accounts for about 2-4% of total annual electricity demand, it contributes to about 6-11% of the annual power sector’s CO2 emissions. Upwards redispatch energy is nearly entirely provided by polluting power plants, while clean wind generation is by far the most downwards redispatched. We confirm that redispatch volumes increase when the share of intermittent renewables in the supply mix increases but, additionally, show that redispatch volumes also significantly increase during hours with low energy demand. The latter can indicate important inefficiencies in the integration of renewables in the power system, not only leading to higher costs but also emissions. Finally, we find that when considering the CO2 emissions from redispatch, the abated CO2 emissions resulting from marginally increasing renewable generation, substituting coal or gas in the day-ahead schedule, reduces by 0.7-4.5%. We offer several recommendations to reduce the need for redispatch actions and recommendations to make redispatch actions less polluting. A key point is the consideration of a specific ancillary service for voltage control. |
| Keywords: | renewables; redispatching CO2 emissions; power markets; power system operations; ancillary services |
| JEL: | L51 L94 Q41 Q42 |
| Date: | 2023–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2023_001&r=env |
| By: | Guo, Ziyi; Wang, Yan |
| Abstract: | Community-based small businesses (CSB) bear the brunt of environmental shocks aggravated by climate change, thus requiring appended community support. This research addresses the knowledge gap existing in the increasingly convergent field of hazard and climate adaptation planning research. It examines the inadequate local commitments to CSB resilience. The study establishes an integrated CSB Resilience Framework with 11 local planning objectives across five dimensions and evaluates relevant plans of 56 Gulf Coast counties using Natural Language Processing. Our evaluation results outline the inadequate planning focus on CSB resilience that is distinct by community typologies. Tailored improvement strategies can be suggested accordingly. |
| Date: | 2023–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:675ty&r=env |
| By: | Xin Su; Frédéric Ghersi (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Fei Teng; Gaëlle Le Treut; Meicong Liang |
| Abstract: | Designing mid-century low-emission development strategies is crucial to guiding long-term mitigation pathways at national levels. The cost of low-carbon transition is one of the key concerns in deep decarbonisation pathways (DDPs). In this study, we estimate the macroeconomic cost of a deep decarbonisation pathway for China, by integrating an energysystems optimization model with an economic model through hard linking. Our results show that deep decarbonisation increases the energy expenses of households in the mid-run through, especially, the higher cost of power and its substitution to coal; but not those of firms, who benefit from lower coal prices caused by the reduction of coal demand and reduce costly oil products consumptions early on. Energy-efficiency improvements therefore lead to a decrease of firms' total energy costs, which allows partially compensating the crowding-out effect of low-carbon investment on general productive capital. Compared to business-as-usual, our DDP 2 scenario consequently comes at a small macroeconomic cost, equal to a lag of less than one year of growth in 2050. |
| Keywords: | Hybrid energy-economy model China deep decarbonisation pathways mitigation, Hybrid energy-economy model, China, deep decarbonisation pathways, mitigation |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03897206&r=env |
| By: | Rodríguez Rodríguez, Lizeth; Cisneros Mayen, Arturo |
| Abstract: | La transición hacia una economía sostenible implica el reconocimiento de principios rectores para la gestión responsable de los recursos en toda la cadena de suministro. En ese sentido, el enfoque de economía circular permite identificar oportunidades para generar valor ambiental y social, aprovechando los ciclos de la naturaleza. En este contexto, la investigación y la innovación contribuyen a la generación de estrategias oportunas para el manejo de los recursos, lo que resulta especialmente importante en las zonas urbanas y en el sector de la vivienda, que están en el centro de la lucha climática y la defensa de los derechos humanos. Por lo tanto, en este estudio se realiza un diagnóstico de la implementación actual de la economía circular en el sector de la vivienda social de El Salvador, con la intención de promover modelos de construcción sostenible con el potencial de generar beneficios a lo largo de la cadena productiva. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que existen carencias y debilidades en la regulación, los sistemas de gestión, los sistemas de financiamiento, el monitoreo y la implementación de política pública para impulsar la economía circular. |
| Keywords: | ECONOMIA VERDE, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, VIVIENDA, VIVIENDA BARATA, POLITICA DE VIVIENDA, INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS, PROTECCION AMBIENTAL, CIUDADES, ZONAS URBANAS, EMPLEO, DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, GREEN ECONOMY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, HOUSING, LOW COST HOUSING, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, CITIES, URBAN AREAS, EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT |
| Date: | 2022–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48560&r=env |
| By: | A V S Durgaprasad (Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, 403726, Goa, India Author-2-Name: Ch V V S N V Prasad Author-2-Workplace-Name: Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, 403726, Goa, India Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - Firms embrace green supply chain management (GSCM) practices to minimize the environmental repercussions of their operations. The food processing industry is one of the largest industries globally, engendering massive waste and emitting greenhouse gases, raising environmental concerns. GSCM has recently gained momentum in developing countries like India due to increasing environmental issues. This exploratory study examines the GSCM practices adopted by Indian food processing firms and investigates their impact on sustainable performance. Methodology/Technique - This study has employed a case study methodology to fulfill the research objectives. Two food processing firms operating in Goa were selected for this purpose. The case study involved semi-structured interviews with supply chain professionals from both firms. Findings – Various GSCM practices identified in the literature are observable within the case study. The results highlight the importance of GSCM practices for attaining sustainability. Findings reveal and reinforce that adopting GSCM practices improves the firms' sustainable performance. Novelty - This article is one of the earliest studies on GSCM in the food processing industry in the Indian context. The research outcomes provide an overview to managers of the food processing firms regarding GSCM practices, their execution, and sustainable performance. Type of Paper: Empirical " |
| Keywords: | Food Processing Industry; Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM); GSCM Practices; Sustainability; Sustainable Performance |
| JEL: | M10 M11 |
| Date: | 2022–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr306&r=env |
| By: | Hur, Sun Kyung (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | The impact of environmental protection and climate change policies on trade is increasing. This trend is international, and carries important implications for Korean manufacturing, which is highly dependent on trade. There exists a a pressing need to preemptively identify the impact of environmental TBT in major countries on the exports of Korean manufacturing industries in order to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic industries and prepare countermeasures. Against this backdrop, this paper analyzes the impact of environmental TBT on Korea’s exports through empirical analysis and identifies implications for policy. |
| Keywords: | technical barriers to trade; TBT; FTA; free trade agreements; trade; protectionism; trade protectionism; free trade; Korea; trade policy; competition policy; environmental policy |
| JEL: | F18 |
| Date: | 2022–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2022_013&r=env |
| By: | Hur, Sun Kyung (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | The world's major countries are aggressively preparing national strategic countermeasures in response to climate change, the fourth industrial revolution and tightening environmental regulations. This paper seeks to make clear the implications of hydrogen energy as a next-generation energy source and the ways in which industry can be structured to ensure a smooth transition to a hydrogen economy. To do this, I examine the economic feasibility, technological power and competitiveness of hydrogen energy, and examine the constraints and regulations facing hydrogen energy in our society and economy. Finally, the main purpose of this study is to derive industrial applications and policy implications of hydrogen energy, which is technically complex but possible to produce anywhere. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy; energy transition policy; hydrogen; hydrogen economy |
| JEL: | Q28 Q41 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–01–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2019_009&r=env |
| By: | Evans, Isabelle |
| Abstract: | The Future of Business: Digital and Sustainable |
| Date: | 2023–01–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:qfrvj&r=env |
| By: | Vos, Rob; Martin, Will; Resnick, Danielle |
| Abstract: | Agricultural support policies cost more than US$800 billion per year in transfers to the farm sector worldwide. Support policies based on subsidies and trade barriers are highly distortive to markets and are also regressive as most support is provided to larger farmers. On balance, the incentives this support creates appear to increase greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. In addition, some subsidies undermine the production of more nutrient-dense commodities that are otherwise critical for the improvement of dietary outcomes. This paper first highlights that better outcomes could be achieved if even a small portion of agricultural subsidies were repurposed into investments in research and development (R&D) dedicated to productivity-enhancing and emission-reducing technologies. This would create multiple wins — mitigating global climate change, reducing poverty, increasing food security, and improving nutrition. Nonetheless, the political economy challenges to doing so are sizeable. Because current support policies are often politically popular and serve well-organized interests, reform is difficult without committed political leadership and multilateral collaboration. Using several case studies of both successful and failed changes of agricultural support policies in China, India, and the EU and the United States, we highlight lessons learned about the political economy constraints on and possibilities for reform. |
| Keywords: | CHINA; EAST ASIA; ASIA; INDIA; SOUTH ASIA; EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES; UNITED STATES; USA; NORTH AMERICA; AMERICAS; agriculture; agricultural policies; climate change; commodities; farmers; food security; greenhouse gas emissions; markets; market disruptions; nutrition; political systems; subsidies; trade barriers; economic reform; emission-reducing technologies |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2163&r=env |
| By: | Russell, Andrew; McCue, Adam James |
| Abstract: | The flood risk management policy and implementation framework in England is overseen by complex layers of governance bodies via a range of overlapping legislations, policies and strategies. Within this, responsibility for surface water flood management is largely delegated to 152 local authorities. In this research, the local flood risk management strategies (LFRMSs) produced by these local authorities were audited using a systematic, largely objective method to identify alignment with a range of factors that good strategies should include. The aim was to determine if the strategies were meeting their minimum statutory requirements and whether they were developing robust climate change adaptation plans. The findings show that LFRMSs are, in the main, meeting their minimum statutory requirements. However, there is a widespread issue across most LFRMSs regarding inadequate consideration of increasing surface water flood risk from climate changes. Therefore, we conclude that surface water flood risk plans are not adequate in England largely because of the range in quality across the local authorities. Nonetheless, there is some evidence of good practice within the LFRMS portfolio, which is discussed in the context of the ongoing update process of these strategies. This research is the first examination of the full suite of LFRMSs and, therefore, is the first time that the complete approach to surface water flood management has been assessed in England. |
| Date: | 2023–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:be4qx&r=env |
| By: | Mayer, Maximilian |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the role of social connections in shaping individuals' concerns about climate change. I combine granular climate data, region-level social network data and survey responses for 24 European countries in order to document large information spillovers. Individuals become more concerned about climate change when their geographically distant friends living in sociallyconnected regions have experienced large increases in temperatures since 1990. Exploring the heterogeneity of the spillover effects, I uncover that the learning via social networks plays a central role. Further, results illustrate the important role of social values and economic preferences for understanding how information spillovers affect individual concerns. |
| Keywords: | beliefs, climate change, information spillovers, social networks |
| JEL: | D01 D62 D64 D8 Q5 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:22023&r=env |
| By: | Nam, Sanguk (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Global interest in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards has increased. This has stimulated the introduction of new environmental policies in a major economic sector including the shipping industry. The double hull regulation has been evaluated as one of most effective regulations in the maritime shipping industry. The prohibition of risky, single-hulled oil tankers has affected related industries, including the shipping, shipbuilding, and ship scrapping sectors. In particular, the double hull regulation could have a substantial impact on shipping and shipbuilding-related Korean industries and ecosystems, as Korea ranks first globally in shipbuilding and seventh in shipping. This paper estimates the impact of the double hull regulation on the ship scrapping market through survival analysis. |
| Keywords: | shipbuilding industry; shipbuilding; ship scrapping; ESG; maritime industry; maritime shipping; shipping; shipping regulation; maritime policy |
| JEL: | L62 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2022_002&r=env |
| By: | Markus Fleschutz; Markus Bohlayer; Marco Braun; Michael D. Murphy |
| Abstract: | Digitalization and sector coupling enable companies to turn into flexumers. By using the flexibility of their multi-energy system (MES), they reduce costs and carbon emissions while stabilizing the electricity system. However, to identify the necessary investments in energy conversion and storage technologies to leverage demand response (DR) potentials, companies need to assess the value of flexibility. Therefore, this study quantifies the flexibility value of a production company's MES by optimizing the synthesis, design, and operation of a decarbonizing MES considering self-consumption optimization, peak shaving, and integrated DR based on hourly prices and carbon emission factors (CEFs). The detailed case study of a beverage company in northern Germany considers vehicle-to-X of powered industrial trucks, power-to-heat on multiple temperatures, wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, and energy storage systems (thermal energy, electricity, and hydrogen). We propose and apply novel data-driven metrics to evaluate the intensity of price-based and CEF-based DR. The results reveal that flexibility usage reduces decarbonization costs (by 19-80% depending on electricity and carbon removal prices), total annual costs, operating carbon emissions, energy-weighted average prices and CEFs, and fossil energy dependency. The results also suggest that a net-zero operational carbon emission MES requires flexibility, which, in an economic case, is provided by a combination of different flexible technologies and storage systems that complement each other. While the value of flexibility depends on various market and consumer-specific factors such as electricity or carbon removal prices, this study highlights the importance of demand flexibility for the decarbonization of MESs. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2301.07997&r=env |
| By: | João Cerejeira (NIPE/Center for Research in Economics and Management, University of Minho, Portugal; and CIPES – Centre for Research in Higher Education Policies); Rita Sousa (NIPE/Center for Research in Economics and Management, University of Minho, Portugal); Carolina Bernardo (University of Minho, Portugal); António Bento-Gonçalves (CECS – Communication and Society Research Centre, University of Minho) |
| Abstract: | Fire intensity and size incite visitation decrease and recreational losses, relevant tourism variables for European economies. As a result of climate change, this reality is becoming more evident. Due to significant gaps in analyzing the relationship between wildfires and tourism demand, this paper aims to explain how tourism demand reacts to wildfires in Portugal. We use a novel approach in these studies and estimate a spatial econometric model to analyze the relationship between total burned areas and overnight stays in a touristic establishment in a given municipality and its neighbouring municipalities. Our results show that wildfires negatively affect the overnight stays in the same location but also cause spillover effects in neighbouring municipalities. Also, the wildfire occurrences are positively related to the number of overnight stays after three months, suggesting a delay in tourism activities. |
| Keywords: | tourism, wildfires, spatial econometrics |
| JEL: | O13 Q54 Q56 L83 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nip:nipewp:01/2023&r=env |
| By: | Ge We (Department of Economics, University of Tennessee) |
| Abstract: | I evaluate the effect of wildfire smoke on primary and middle school students’ English Language Arts (ELA) and math achievement across the United States. To estimate students’ exposure to wildfires at the school district level, I merge satellite-based wildfire smoke plume boundaries and 1km-grid daily PM2.5 values with school district locations, and weight the exposure by census tract population. I find that recent drifting wildfire smoke plumes significantly lower ELA and math test scores. When I proxy the wildfire intensity by PM2.5, results suggest that severe wildfires generate lasting effects on young students in primary school. Effects are only transitory for students in middle school. Further analysis reveals that Black students in primary school and economically disadvantaged students are more negatively affected than others. Males are more affected by unhealthy air quality in elementary ELA and middle school math than female students. Overall, findings suggest that more environmental and educational policy responses are needed to protect students with the increase in wildfire occurrence and intensity |
| Keywords: | Wildfire, Academic Performance, Education Disparity |
| JEL: | I21 I24 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ten:wpaper:2022-02&r=env |
| By: | Eisei Ohtaki |
| Abstract: | Does climate change lead financial instability? To address this problem, this study builds an overlapping generations model of the environment and money. Contrary to predictions of the majority, it is shown that, under a certain condition, a unique stationary monetary equilibrium exists and is a saddle point. Furthermore, it is shown that the optimal gross rate of money growth, which maximizes the welfare at the stationary monetary equilibrium, exists uniquely and is greater than one. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcr:wpaper:e175&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Yong (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade); Cho, Jaehan (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade); Song, Danbee (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Despite the increased interest in corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) management, which reflects social values within the business environment, discussions on ESG-related policies are limited in that they are overly focused on ESG reporting standardization. K-ESG should be utilized as a guideline to develop policies that increase ESG management competence. Such policies should selectively chose which types of firms to support, with specific policy measures and targeted areas. This analytical brief analyzes the status of ESG governance in Korea and proposes a set of policies aimed at strengthening corporate ESG competencies. |
| Keywords: | ESG; corproate governance; Korea; ESG policy; SMEs; small and medium-sized enterprises; tax policy; subsidies; R&D; firm performance; industrial organization; management performance; business management; management competence |
| JEL: | H25 L10 L21 L22 L25 M14 M20 M48 O32 O33 O38 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietia:2021_018&r=env |
| By: | Peralta, Benjamín |
| Abstract: | La economía circular se percibe como una alternativa para alcanzar la sostenibilidad de las ciudades a través de las viviendas de interés social, la unidad en que las regulaciones tienen un mayor poder de influencia. Tras la crisis ocasionada por la pandemia de COVID-19, la industria de viviendas sociales cumple un papel importante en la reactivación económica, por lo que urge incorporar la sostenibilidad en la discusión actual. En el caso de Chile, este modelo enfrenta considerables barreras para su implementación, al mismo tiempo que tiene diferentes niveles de impacto, aplicabilidad y escalabilidad; sin embargo, también conlleva innumerables beneficios económicos, sociales y urbanos, transformándose en un valioso aporte para la neutralidad en carbono propuesta a 2050. Este estudio brinda un diagnóstico de la implementación de la economía circular en la industria de viviendas sociales en Chile. Se analizan los costos, los beneficios técnicos y sociales, los riesgos y las oportunidades de diferentes modelos de circularidad actualmente en aplicación, que podrían —con los incentivos y políticas de fomento adecuados— generar nuevos modelos de negocio, empleos verdes y una disminución del impacto ambiental de la construcción. |
| Keywords: | DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, ECONOMIA VERDE, VIVIENDA, VIVIENDA URBANA, ESTUDIOS DE CASOS, CASE STUDIES, ESTUDIOS DE CASOS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, GREEN ECONOMY, HOUSING, URBAN HOUSING, CASE STUDIES |
| Date: | 2022–12–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48573&r=env |
| By: | Chen, Liang; Dolado, Juan José; Gonzalo Muñoz, Jesus; Ramos Ramirez, Andrey David |
| Abstract: | Global warming is a non-uniform process across space and time. This opens the door to a heterogeneous relationship between CO2 and temperature that needs to be analyzed going beyond the standard analysis based on mean temperature found in the literature. We revisit this topic through the lenses of a new class of factor models for high-dimensional paneldata, labeled Quantile Factor Models (QFM). This technique extracts quantile-dependent factors from the distributions of temperature across a wide range of stable weather stations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres over 1959-2018. In particular, we test whether the (detrended) growth rate of CO2 concentrations help predict the underlying factors of the different quantiles of the distribution of (detrended) temperature in the time dimension. We document that predictive association is greater at the lower and medium quantiles thanat the upper quantiles and provide some conjectures about what could be behind this nonuniformity. These findings complement recent results in the literature documenting steeper trends in lower temperature levels than in other parts of the spatial distribution. |
| Keywords: | Global Warming; Co2 Concentrations; Quantile Factor Models; Predictive Association |
| JEL: | C31 C33 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–02–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:36451&r=env |
| By: | Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan; Mr. Christian H Ebeke; Mr. Davide Malacrino; Louise Rabier; Melih Firat |
| Abstract: | While the level of disparities across regions in 10 advanced European economies studied in this paper mostly reflects productivity gaps, the increase since the Great Recession has resulted from diverging unemployment rates. Following the pandemic, this could be further exacerbated given teleworkability rates are lower in poorer regions than in high-income regions, making them ex-ante more vulnerable to the pandemic’s likely material impact on the prevalence of remote work. Preliminary evidence from 2020 confirms that regional disparities between countries increased during 2020. A further concern is that the pandemic might accelerate the automation of jobs across Europe, something which often happens following recessions. While lagging regions have lower ex-ante vulnerabilities against the routinization, the transformation of jobs through sectors with higher routinization rates in these regions could increase their vulnerability to technological change over time. The green transition could also lead to challenges for regions that have benefitted from carbon-intensive growth strategies. Finally, the paper discusses the role for policies—including placed-based ones—in reducing disparities in the face of the aforementioned short, medium, and long-term risks. |
| Keywords: | Regional inequality; teleworkability; automation; climate change; workability rate; growth tradeoff; productivity gap; The Green; IMF staff calculation; Greenhouse gas emissions; COVID-19; Employment; Climate policy; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Europe |
| Date: | 2022–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2022/198&r=env |
| By: | Tuan Nguyen-Anh; Chinh Hoang-Duc; Tuyen Tiet; Phu Nguyen-Van (EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Nguyen To-The |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03927534&r=env |
| By: | Alain N. Kabundi; Jiaxiong Yao; Mr. Montfort Mlachila |
| Abstract: | Climate change is likely to lead to more frequent and more severe supply and demand shocks that will present a challenge to monetary policy formulation. The main objective of the paper is to investigate how climate shocks affect consumer prices in a broad range of countries over a long period using local projection methods. It finds that the impact of climate shocks on inflation depends on the type and intensity of shocks, country income level, and monetary policy regime. Specifically, droughts tend to have the highest overall positive impact on inflation, reflecting rising food prices. Interestingly, floods tend to have a dampening impact on inflation, pointing to the predominance of demand shocks in this case. Over the long run, the dominant monetary policy paradigm of flexible inflation targeting faced with supply-induced climate shocks may become increasingly ineffective, especially in LIDCs. More research is needed to find viable alternative monetary policy frameworks. |
| Keywords: | climate change; monetary policy; monetary policy models; food price inflation drought; monetary policy paradigm; supply and demand shock; IMF working paper 22/207; IT country; Natural disasters; Inflation; Monetary policy frameworks; Global; Caribbean |
| Date: | 2022–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2022/207&r=env |
| By: | Philipp Heimberger (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | Öffentliche Investitionen und Sozialstaat Perspektiven der Budgetpolitik im Kontext von Energiekrise, Klimawandel und EU-Budgetregeln This publication is available in German language only. For a brief English summary see further below. Im Kontext der Energiekrise und des Klimawandels ist in den kommenden Jahrzehnten eine erhebliche Ausweitung der öffentlichen Investitionen erforderlich. Für Österreich sind bis zum Jahr 2030 die Erfordernisse für öffentliche Investitionen zur Erreichung der Klima- und Energieziele gemäß dem Klima- und Investitionsplan der Bundesregierung mit €9, 5 Milliarden pro Jahr (2, 4% der Wirtschaftsleistung des Jahres 2019) im EU-Ländervergleich hoch. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Untergrenze, da die Klimaziele mittlerweile verschärft wurden. Gleichzeitig stellt der Alterungsprozess der Gesellschaft den Sozialstaat bei Gesundheits-, Sozial- und Bildungsaufgaben vor neue Herausforderungen. Doch der Budgetkonsolidierungsdruck wird in den kommenden Jahren wegen der Auswirkungen der Krisen der letzten Jahre auf den Staatshaushalt steigen. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert diese Kurzanalyse drei stilisierte Szenarien für die Budgetpolitik, die jeweils unterschiedliche Implikationen für die Nachhaltigkeit der Staatsfinanzen und für die Erreichung von Zielen in den Bereichen Klima, Energie und Soziales haben. Public Investment and the Welfare State Perspectives on Fiscal Policy in the Context of the Energy Crisis, Climate Change and EU Fiscal Rules In the context of the energy crisis and climate change, a significant expansion of public investment is required in the coming decades. For Austria, the requirements for public investment to achieve the climate and energy targets by 2030 according to the Federal Government's Climate and Investment Plan are high at €9.5 billion per year (2.4% of economic output in 2019). This is a lower limit, as climate targets have since been tightened. At the same time, the aging process of society poses new challenges for the welfare state in terms of health, social and educational spending. But fiscal consolidation pressures will increase in the coming years because of the impact of the crises of recent years on public finances. Against this backdrop, this briefing paper discusses three stylised scenarios for fiscal policy, each with different implications for the sustainability of government finances and for the achievement of climate, energy and social goals. |
| Keywords: | Investitionen, Österreich, EU, Europa, Klimawandel, Energiekrise, Sozialstaat |
| JEL: | H54 H63 R42 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:pnotes:pn:65&r=env |
| By: | Richard S. J. Tol |
| Abstract: | There are many indicators of energy security. Few measure what really matters -- affordable and reliable energy supply -- and the trade-offs between the two. Reliability is physical, affordability is economic. Russia's latest invasion of Ukraine highlights some of the problems with energy security, from long-term contracts being broken to supposedly secure supplies being diverted to retired power plants being recommissioned to spillovers to other markets. The transition to carbon-free energy poses new challenges for energy security, from a shift in dependence from some resources (coal, oil, gas) to others (rare earths, wind, sunshine) to substantial redundancies in the energy capital stock to undercapitalized energy companies, while regulatory uncertainty deters investment. Renewables improve energy security in one dimension, but worsen it in others, particularly long spells of little wind. Security problems with rare earths and borrowed capital are less pronounced, as stock rather than flow. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2301.07671&r=env |
| By: | Jasmin Gröschl; Alexander Sandkamp; Jasmin Katrin Gröschl |
| Abstract: | We quantify the impact of large flooding events on the plant-level trade of manufacturing firms in China. Constructing a panel data set of more than 685, 000 geolocated plants and provincial city and county measures of flooding events derived from precise geolocated monthly flood areas, we show that the impact on production facilities can be considerable, although relatively short-lived. While the number of exporting plants remains below its pre-flood level for at least 12 months, the effect on the distribution of exporter market scope, on the average exporter scale or the sales distribution of plants vanish within a year. Privately owned plants are hit harder than state-owned enterprises, as they continuously produce fewer products, while their export value recovers. Producing products covered by the Chinese Communist’s Party five-year plan tends to insulate firms against the negative effects of floods |
| Keywords: | China, trade, firm heterogeneity, natural disasters |
| JEL: | F14 F18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ifowps:_389&r=env |
| By: | Mr. Serhan Cevik; Keitaro Ninomiya |
| Abstract: | European power markets are in the midst of unprecedented changes, with a record-breaking surge in energy prices.This paper investigates the impact of green power resources on the level and volatility of wholesale electricity prices at a granular level, using monthly observations for a panel of 24 European countries over the period 2014–2021 and alternative estimation methods including a panel quantile regression approach. We find that renewable energy is associated with a significant reduction in wholesale electricity prices in Europe, with an average impact of 0.6 percent for each 1 percentage points increase in renewable share. We also find evidence for a nonlinear effect—that is, higher the share of renewables, the greater its effect on electricity prices. On the other hand, while quantile estimation results are mixed with regards to the impact of renewables on the volatility of electricity prices, we obtain evidence that renewable energy has a negative effect on volatility at the highest quantiles. Overall, our analysis indicates that policy reforms can help accelerate the green transition while minimizing the volatility in electricity prices. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition; renewables; electiricity prices; panel quantile regression; Europe; electricity price; quantile estimation result; electricity generation; dampening effect; Electricity; Renewable energy; Renewable resources; Oil prices; Global |
| Date: | 2022–11–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2022/220&r=env |
| By: | Lucas J. Conwell; Fabian Eckert; Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak |
| Abstract: | We propose a theory-inspired measure of the accessibility of a city's center: the size of the surrounding area from which it can be reached within a specific time. Using publicly available optimal-routing software, we compute these "accessibility zones" for the 109 largest US and European cities, separately for cars and public transit commutes. Compared with European cities, US cities are half as accessible via public transit and twice as accessible via cars. Car accessibility zones are always larger than public transit zones, making US cities more accessible overall. However, US cities' car orientation comes at the cost of less green space, more congestion, and worse health and pollution externalities. |
| JEL: | Q5 R0 R4 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30877&r=env |
| By: | Amin, Sakib Bin (North South University); Chowdhury, Mainul Islam (North South University); Jamasb, Tooraj (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Khan, Farhan (North South University); Nepal, Rabindra (University of Wollongong) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the relationship between electricity access, gender disparity, and green finance in the mountain areas of Bangladesh. We use a novel new micro-level survey data collected for the purpose of this study. We develop unique weighted indices and applying robust instrumental generalised method of moment estimation. The findings indicate that increase in electricity access (hours) is beneficial to empowerment of women in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) districts in grid-connected and off-grid areas. Using a quasi-experimental framework, we find no significant evidence suggesting that women from grid-connected households tend to enjoy greater gender parity than women from off-grid areas. This is likely due to increase in adoption of renewable energy devices such as Solar Home System (SHS). Using a probabilistic random utility model, we show that a surge in different expenditures tends to supress adoption of renewable energy in poor households more than in non-poor households, given the high prices and lack of financial schemes to support the purchase of renewable device. The expansion of green financial tools and strategies at the household and macro level is necessary to advance the outreach of renewable energy in the CHT districts to continue achieving gender parity. |
| Keywords: | Women Empowerment; Gender Disparity; Green Energy; Electricity; Green Finance; Mountain; CHT; Bangladesh. |
| JEL: | D10 D13 D14 D40 D63 H42 Q41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2023–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2023_002&r=env |
| By: | Semmler Willi; Di Bartolomeo Giovanni; Fard Behnaz Minooei |
| Abstract: | Policies designed to control greenhouse gases imply domestic tradeoffs and international externalities, leading to domestic and international conflicts and influencing their feasibility and implementation. Our paper investigates two quantitative aspects of this debate. We intend to quantify the impact of (a) the internalization of international externalities, and (b) the damage associated with a short-term view of climate policies. In this respect, we adopt the innovative (in this field) idea of model predictive control to formalize moving-horizon policy strategies and, thus, to build counterfactuals characterized by a different horizon for all policymakers. |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ter:wpaper:00159&r=env |
| By: | Gordon H. Hanson |
| Abstract: | Society’s transition toward more sustainable energy sources is well underway. But substantially reducing the use of fossil fuels to generate electricity, to power vehicles, and to manufacture the stuff of everyday life will profoundly disrupt the communities that currently dedicate themselves to carbon-intensive industries. In this paper, I consider the potential for adverse labor market consequences from the energy transition and the suitability of existing policies to counteract them. Top of mind in this discussion is to avoid repeating the painful adjustment to globalization and automation, which in recent decades brought concentrated job loss and long-lasting economic distress to local labor markets that had been specialized in manufacturing. I begin by mapping the spatial distribution of employment in fossil-fuel-intensive activities across US commuting zones from 2000 forward. Then, using the labor market consequences of the post-1980 decline of coal as a backdrop, I discuss policy options for easing adjustment to the energy transition, including letting market forces work, reinforcing the social safety net, and expanding place-based policies. |
| JEL: | J6 Q3 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30871&r=env |
| By: | Darudi, Ali; Weigt, Hannes |
| Abstract: | The European electricity system enters the winter of 2022-2023 facing challenges such as reduced availability of French nuclear power, lower than average stored hydro energy and possible gas shortages in the power industry. These challenges limit the amount of energy available to the system during the winter and reduce the system's ability to meet peak demand and. This study quantitatively analyses the security of electricity supply in Europe (with a focus on Switzerland) between November 2022 and April 2023 by simulating electricity generation and trading under various supply and climate scenarios. To provide a conservative analysis, we exclude certain measures such as demand reduction targets and fuel switching efforts. The results show that Europe, and France in particular, can avoid transmission congestion and power shortages in the event of reduced French nuclear availability. However, in a cold winter, supply shortages may occur in gas-dependent countries if reduced French nuclear availability is combined with gas generation being limited to historical levels. Furthermore, if a 20% gas saving is enforced, Europe could face supply shortages in various weather realisations. On the other hand, Switzerland faces few challenges even in cold winters with the reduced availability of French nuclear and the implementation of 10% gas savings in the electricity system. This is due to the flexibility of the Swiss hydro system and trading opportunities with neighbouring countries. |
| Keywords: | System adequacy, electricity markets, energy crisis |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:268379&r=env |
| By: | Ayanda Deliwe (Nelson Mandela University: Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, South Africa. Author-2-Name: Norman Kutama Author-2-Workplace-Name: Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Summerstrand, 6019, Port Elizabeth, South Africa Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - This research paper aims to use the 6Ps of societal marketing to investigate consumer awareness of green products in Polokwane, South Africa. The aim of this paper was to create consumer awareness of green products using the 6Ps of societal marketing. The main objectives of this study included conducting a literature review on the 6Ps of societal marketing, empirically investigating the consumer awareness of green products using the 6Ps of societal marketing, and providing recommendations to businesses on how they can improve the awareness of green products. Methodology/Technique - A quantitative approach was followed in this study, where the empirical investigation was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. Primary data were collected from 410 respondents to understand their awareness of green products. Findings – The 6Ps of societal marketing were used to construct a questionnaire distributed online using different social media platforms. The findings indicate consumers' experiences with green products relative to the 6Ps of societal marketing. There is a concern that some consumers are unaware of green products and that green products are not easily accessible and are expensive. Novelty - The study makes practical recommendations to marketers on how they can improve the awareness of green products while considering the concept of societal marketing. Type of Paper: Empirical " |
| Keywords: | Consumer awareness, green products, societal marketing, 6Ps. |
| JEL: | M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2022–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr308&r=env |
| By: | Aubin VIGNOBOUL |
| Keywords: | , Hurricane, Inequality, Natural disasters, Redistribution |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:leo:wpaper:2986&r=env |
| By: | Bernard Deschamps; Michael Bourdeau-Brien; Mathieu Boudreault (University of Toronto) |
| Abstract: | Flood-related losses are on the rise in Canada and private insurance remains costly or unavailable in high-risk areas. Despite the introduction of overland flood insurance in 2015, following the federal government’s invitation to the insurance industry to participate in flood risk-sharing, federal and provincial disaster financial assistance programs still cover a large portion of these costs. As the risks increase, governments are questioning the sustainability of using taxpayers’ money to finance such losses, leaving municipalities with significant residual risk. The growing number of people and assets occupying flood-prone areas, including public infrastructure, has contributed to the sharp increase in flood damage costs. Based on a literature review and discussions with experts, this paper describes the municipal role in flood-risk management, and shows how provincial and federal financial assistance to municipalities for flood damage in British Columbia and Québec may be counterproductive in fostering flood-risk management at the municipal level. We conclude that municipalities can play a more proactive role in incorporating risk reduction as the key objective of disaster financial assistance and propose three specific policy instruments to help reduce the growing number of people living in flood zones: flood mapping, land-use planning, and the relocation of high-risk properties. |
| Keywords: | risk governance, policy instruments, disaster financial assistance, land-use planning, flood-risk mapping |
| JEL: | H77 Q54 R11 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mfg:wpaper:64&r=env |
| By: | Azam, Mehtabul (Oklahoma State University) |
| Abstract: | We use a nationally representative panel data and combine difference-in-differences methodology with multivalued treatments to look at the impact of cooking fuel switch towards LPG on the probability of short-term adverse respiratory health outcomes such as cough and cough with breathing issues. We find that a switch by households from polluting fuels to LPG reduces the probability of any household member reporting adverse short-term respiratory issues. However, a switch from polluting fuels to a fuel stacking strategy has no impact on the adverse respiratory health issues. A reverse switch by households from LPG to polluting fuels increases the probability of household members reporting adverse health outcomes. Importantly, the clean switch to LPG has a much larger impact for women in reducing the incidence of short-term adverse respiratory outcomes. |
| Keywords: | fuel switching, difference-in-differences, multivalued treatments |
| JEL: | I1 O12 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15852&r=env |
| By: | Vincent Chatellier (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | This conference entitled "The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): history and stakes of the successive reforms" was held as part of a day organized by the Institut de l'Elevage (IDELE): "the CAP in all its states". It was structured around the following four parts: 1) The objectives and principles of the CAP: has been or not? 2) The first steps of the CAP (1962-1992): between successes and dysfunctions; 3) The reforms of the CAP since 1992: a transformation in small steps; 4) The CAP 2023-2027: continuity or rupture? |
| Abstract: | Cette conférence ayant pour titre « La Politique Agricole Commune (PAC) : historique et enjeux des réformes successives » a été réalisée dans le cadre d'une journée organisée par l'Institut de l'Elevage (IDELE) : « la PAC dans tous ses Etats ». Elle a été structurée autour des quatre parties suivantes : 1) Les objectifs et les principes de la PAC : has been or not ? 2) Les premiers pas de la PAC (1962-1992) : entre succès et dysfonctionnements ; 3) Les réformes de la PAC depuis 1992 : une transformation à petits pas ; 4) La PAC 2023-2027 : continuité ou rupture ? |
| Keywords: | CAP, Livestock, Subsidiarity, PAC, Green deal, Elevage, Subsidiairité |
| Date: | 2022–11–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03938545&r=env |
| By: | Luiz de Mello (OECD, Economics Department); Jo‹o Tovar Jalles (Instituto Superior de Economia e Gest‹o (ISEG), Universidade de Lisboa) |
| Abstract: | The subnational governments, at the regional and local levels, play an important role in the prevention, management and recovery from natural disasters and pandemics/epidemics. These jurisdictions are responsible for issuing and monitoring compliance with several aspects of regulation that are essential for risk prevention, including land use and construction codes; for providing frontline services that are crucial for effective crisis management, including health care, civil protection, and public order and safety; and for rebuilding lost or damaged physical infrastructure in the recovery phase. This paper provides empirical evidence based on impulse response functions that the occurrence of natural disasters and the outbreak of pandemics/epidemics are associated with an increase in the subnational shares of government spending and revenue in the years following these shocks. These decentralisation effects vary according to specific shocks and are conditional on the business cycle: they tend to be stronger when the shocks materialise during cyclical expansions. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper2301&r=env |
| By: | Gilles Paché (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | The concept of friend-shoring, which appeared in April 2022, could contribute to a profound transformation of international trade and, more surprisingly, prevent the environmental crisis from continuing. Friend-shoring, a contraction of "friends" and "offshoring", suggests developing partnerships with close friend countries, stopping the relocation of industrial activities to the other side of the planet based solely on the criterion of low labour costs. The key idea is to build regional value chains, which could ultimately be much more sustainable. The objective of this short communication is to highlight the conditions of appearance of the friend-shoring concept and its main economic and environmental issues in a value chain perspective, and then to insist on the limits of its implementation. Given the current absence of friend-shoring experiments, the chosen methodology relies on a speculative approach based on the exploration of scientific knowledge about regional supply chains. |
| Keywords: | Friend-shoring, Geopolitics, Offshoring, Regional value chains, Speculative approach, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03917659&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Science, technology and innovation (STI) policies have a central role to play: not only in building national research and development capacities, but also in solving national problems and challenges within the framework of countries’ development policies. Given the region’s structural weaknesses, scarce resources and the need for scale to achieve results, the resources allocated to support science, technology and innovation —or at least part of them— must be channelled into areas of knowledge related to the main challenges the countries face. STI must contribute to the development of sectors and activities that drive the economy and society. Four of them are discussed in this publication: manufacturing industry for the health sector, energy transition, electromobility, and eco-innovation and sustainable production. |
| Date: | 2023–01–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col093:48683&r=env |
| By: | Bruns, Bryan Randolph; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela |
| Abstract: | How could having farmers play experiential games contribute to improving groundwater governance? These games are an example of an innovative procedure, a policy instrument or institutional tool, which those involved in improving groundwater governance could use to understand their problems and opportunities; consider and possibly agree on norms or rules that might avoid aquifer depletion, and create shared gains that use water more productively. Institutional tools for groundwater governance could help deal with complex nexus linkages and achieve gains such as transitions to solar-powered pumping, aquifer recharge and storage to buffer against drought, and protecting and regenerating ecosystems. The concept of a groundwater governance toolbox offers a metaphor for thinking about the variety of policy instruments available and how they might be chosen, combined, and adapted to create customized toolkits to solve problems and achieve gains in specific contexts. New policies are typically layered on top of existing sets of institutions that govern relationships between people and water. This makes it crucial to understand existing knowledge and institutions and how those may interact with institutional changes. The thesis of the paper is that institutional tools need to be combined and crafted to fit contexts, including political economy constraints, opportunities, and solutions. |
| Keywords: | groundwater management; groundwater; governance; natural resources management; policies; institutional tools; policy instrument mixes; water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus; solar-powered irrigation; managed aquifer recharge; conjunctive irrigation management; groundwater-dependent ecosystems |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2158&r=env |
| By: | Eisei Ohtaki |
| Abstract: | Motivated by recent climate actions of central banks and supervisors, this study develops an overlapping generations model of the environment and money and explores a role of monetary policy on climate problems. It is shown that a stationary monetary equilibrium exists uniquely but be suboptimal so that this study explores optimal policies. When a policymaker can control money growth rates only, any monetary policy cannot attain an optimal allocation but a certain positive money growth rate can be the second-best policy. In contrast, when a policymaker can choose tax instruments in addition to money growth rates, there exists a continuum of optimal combinations of money growth rates and tax instruments, which implement an optimal allocation as a stationary monetary equilibrium allocation. These results suggest that, to resolve climate problems, monetary and fiscal authorities need to coordinate with each other. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcr:wpaper:e176&r=env |
| By: | Owkwal, Ayowle |
| Abstract: | The Effect of Recurring Expenditure Financed by External Grants on Promoting Sustainable Economic Development of Sub-Saharan Africa Countries |
| Date: | 2023–01–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:pcymk&r=env |
| By: | Bernard Colasse (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Frédérique Dejean (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres, DRM MOST - DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03904447&r=env |
| By: | Olwande, John; Njagi, Timothy; Ayieko, Miltone; Maredia, Mywish K.; Tschirley, David |
| Abstract: | This research aimed to monitor and analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated containment measures on rural and urban livelihoods in Kenya, to help guide resource allocation and inform policy actions for future crises. Data were collected through two rounds of (cross-sectional) cellphone surveys of a nationally representative sample of 800 households stratified equally between rural and urban areas. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miprpb:330116&r=env |
| By: | Ola, Aranuwa Felix |
| Abstract: | The Effect of Recurring Expenditure Financed by External Grants on Promoting Sustainable Economic Development of Sub-Saharan Africa Countries |
| Date: | 2023–01–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:6t4js&r=env |
| By: | Shoman, Wasim; Yeh, Sonia; Sprei, Frances; Plötz, Patrick; Speth, Daniel |
| Abstract: | Heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) account for less than 2-5% of the vehicles on the road in Europe but contribute to 15-22% of CO2 emissions from road transport. Battery electric trucks (BETs) could be deployed on a large scale to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but they require charging infrastructure that supports long-haul operations. Therefore, assessing the required charging locations, energy, and power requirements is critical. We use a trip-chain-based model to derive charging requirements for BETs in long-haul operation (defined as travel times over 4.5 hours or distances over 360 km) for Europe in 2030. We convert an origin-destination (OD) matrix into trip chains combined with European truck driving regulations to derive break and rest stops. We show that an average charging area (defined as a 25 25 km square, where each square can include multiple charging stations and parking lots with multiple charging points) needs to have four to five times more overnight than megawatt (MW) charging points: We estimate that about 40, 000 overnight charging points (50-100 kW, combined charging system, CCS) and about 9, 000 megawatt charging system (MCS, 0.7- 1.2 MW) points are required to support a BET share of long-haul operations at 15%. On average, 8 and 2 CCS and MCS chargers are required per charging area, and each CCS and MCS serves, on average, 2 and 11 BETs daily, respectively. The daily electricity demand for public charging of BET in each charging area would be around 110 GWh. The model can be applied to any region with similar data. Future work can consider improving the queuing model, assumptions regarding regional differences of BET penetration and heterogeneity of truck sizes and utilization. |
| Keywords: | Electrification, Heavy duty truck, Charging Station, Battery Electric Truck |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s012023&r=env |
| By: | Myriam Gregoire-Zawilski; David Popp |
| Abstract: | If further decarbonization of electricity systems is to continue, a next generation of innovation in transformative grid modernization and renewables integration technologies will be needed. Few studies have investigated the policy determinants of innovation in this sector to glean insights on how government may support the development and deployment of these technologies. We argue that policies that were successful at supporting the first wave of renewables innovation may not be sufficient to produce similar results in the next wave of green innovation since those face higher coordination bottlenecks. We investigate the effects of interoperability standards - an instrument that may facilitate coordination - on patenting using smart grid as an example of a technology that has high interoperability requirements. We find that standards decrease patenting at the extensive and intensive margins, but these results vary across types of firms. We find that this negative effect is driven by large firms, whereas standards increase entry by firms without prior smart grid innovation experience. We interpret this result as an information effect: standards provide useful information to new entrants and may help diversify the range of players innovating in this space. |
| JEL: | O31 Q40 Q55 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30872&r=env |
| By: | Michael Ryan; Ellie Avery; Sarah Kahn |
| Abstract: | Electronic exchange of sanitary and phytosanitary certificates can facilitate trade in animal and plant products. The electronic exchange of certificates can benefit both exporting and importing countries through enhanced efficiency gains, improved transparency, and traceability, as well as improved risk management along the food chain. However, the policy levers associated with e-sanitary certification systems are complex and include trade policies, as well as regulatory policies, investment policies, and public health and animal health policies. Countries face substantial challenges in the adoption of electronic sanitary certification systems including the costs associated with building the infrastructure, providing training, and updating existing regulatory systems. This paper reviews the uptake of e-sanitary certification systems and discusses the potential benefits and costs of adoption of these systems. Effective co-operation and collaboration between the public and private sectors are critical to the adoption and maintenance of sustainable e-sanitary certification systems. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, Digitalisation, Food standards, SPS, Trade facilitation |
| JEL: | F13 F66 J16 J21 J24 Q10 Q18 |
| Date: | 2023–02–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:190-en&r=env |
| By: | Kene Boun My (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Phu Nguyen-Van (EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Thang Long University); Thi Kim Cuong Pham (EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Anne Stenger (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Tuyen Tiet (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nguyen To-The (Thang Long University, VNU - Vietnam National University [Hanoï]) |
| Abstract: | This study examines factors determining farmers' investment in organic farming using a contextualized lab-in-the-field experiment with 220 small household farmers in Northern Vietnam. We focus on the role of network structure, information nudge, and social comparison between farmers using three types of networks: circle, star and complete. Our results suggest that, on average, around 64% of the land is invested in organic farming in the complete network in which each farmer is connected to all of the others, while only about 57% of the land is invested in the circle and star network. Moreover, social comparison (i.e., information about the average investment) performs better in a circle network than in a star network. Finally, information nudges about the socially optimal investment could encourage farmers' coordination in all three networks, particularly in the complete network with an increase in organic investment up to 76%. |
| Keywords: | Lab-in-the-field, Network, Nudge, Organic agriculture, Small household farmers, Social comparison. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03781161&r=env |
| By: | Michel Buhot (UCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Date: | 2022–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03916883&r=env |
| By: | Evans, Isabelle |
| Abstract: | The Impact of Science on Wildlife Conservation: DNA Collection and Analysis |
| Date: | 2023–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jvu83&r=env |
| By: | Robinson, Jonny |
| Abstract: | The Impact of Science on Wildlife Conservation: A Look at DNA Collection and Analysis |
| Date: | 2023–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:5f8a3&r=env |
| By: | Seven Agir (Middle East Technical University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Ankara); Pinar Derin Gure (Middle East Technical University, Centre for Solar Energy and Research Applications, Ankara, Turkey); Bilge Senturk (Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Mugla) |
| Abstract: | Adopting agrophotovoltaic (AgroPV) systems involves many challenges, not only technical issues but also social and institutional challenges underlying insufficient social acceptance and institutional support. Using semi-structured interviews with the pioneer farmers, we explore the social and institutional challenges that may arise in implementing AgroPV systems in a developing country context-Turkiye-where there is currently no legislation on AgroPV. Still, the synergistic impact of AgroPV is highly probably due to climatic conditions in the Mediterranean setting. The pioneer farmers exhibit a highly positive attitude towards AgroPV systems reflecting that they recognize and highly value this synergistic potential. In particular, they are perceptive about how they may use AgroPV techniques to solve local problems, including those exacerbated by input dependency and climate change, beyond an abstract (economic or financial) opportunity dimension. In other words, there is a strong motivational drive for AgroPV given the challenges in Turkish agriculture; however, the weak institutional setting may channel farmers away from its adoption. Our interviews reveal that the institutional setting undermines predictability, which is vital in farmers' willingness and ability to participate in long-term, capital-intensive projects such as Agrivoltaics. Bureaucracy's distrust of potential investors, probably caused by low procedural capacity, seems to have bred a negative official attitude towards 'dual-use' innovations. This problem, in return, explains farmers' negative experiences, such as red tape in receiving licenses and permits, contributing to their doubts about sustained government support. Understanding this institutional setting is crucial for overcoming the bias towards developed countries in the literature and providing a more informed perspective before further legislative changes. |
| Keywords: | Agrivoltaics, solar energy, dual land use, agriculture, institutions, energy policy |
| JEL: | Q18 Q42 Q01 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:wpaper:2301&r=env |
| By: | Theriault, Veronique; Kirimi, Lilian; Wineman, Ayala; Kinyumu, Ephiphania; Tschirley, David |
| Abstract: | Achieving food security is a continuing challenge worldwide. The combination of climate change, violent conflicts, and other crises (e.g., Covid-19 pandemic and high inflation) has exacerbated food insecurity by disrupting food production and access to food. According to the most recent estimates, about 3.1 billion people cannot afford a healthy diet (FAO et al. 2022). This implies that two-fifths of the population is food insecure, with a concentration in the low-income countries of Asia and Africa. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2022–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miprrp:330121&r=env |
| By: | Victor Boussange; Didier Sornette; Heike Lischke; Lo\"ic Pellissier |
| Abstract: | The processes of ecological interactions, dispersal and mutations shape the dynamics of biological communities, and analogous eco-evolutionary processes acting upon economic entities have been proposed to explain economic change. This hypothesis is compelling because it explains economic change through endogenous mechanisms, but it has not been quantitatively tested at the global economy level. Here, we use an inverse modelling technique and 59 years of economic data covering 77 countries to test whether the collective dynamics of national economic activities can be characterised by eco-evolutionary processes. We estimate the statistical support of dynamic community models in which the dynamics of economic activities are coupled with positive and negative interactions between the activities, the spatial dispersal of the activities, and their transformations into other economic activities. We find strong support for the models capturing positive interactions between economic activities and spatial dispersal of the activities across countries. These results suggest that processes akin to those occurring in ecosystems play a significant role in the dynamics of economic systems. The strength-of-evidence obtained for each model varies across countries and may be caused by differences in the distance between countries, specific institutional contexts, and historical contingencies. Overall, our study provides a new quantitative, biologically inspired framework to study the forces shaping economic change. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2301.09486&r=env |
| By: | Maria Cadaval Sampedro (University of Santiago); Ana Herrero Alcalde (Universidad Nacional de Educaci—n a Distancia); Santiago Lago-Pe–as (Universidade de Vigo and GEN); Jorge Martinez-Vazquez (Georgia State University and GEN) |
| Abstract: | Extreme events, such as economic crises, pandemics, natural disasters, or military conflicts, can affect the balance between centralization and decentralization forces across countries and transform, temporarily or more permanently, the design of multilevel governance. Using a panel for 91 developing and developed countries from 1960 to 2018, and another one for OECD countries during 1995-2018, we examine the effects of extreme external shocks on the decentralization level. We find that internal conflicts boost decentralization in both OECD and non-OECD countries, while natural disasters reduce decentralization in non-OECD countries, but not so in OECD members. Moreover, those effects are long lasting in both cases of extreme events. Finally, economic recessions are the less relevant kind of shocks. They do not have significant effects on the level of decentralization, except for expenditure decentralization in OECD countries. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper2308&r=env |
| By: | Mastromarco, Camilla; Simar, Léopold (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/ISBA, Belgium); Van Keilegom, Ingrid |
| Abstract: | In production theory, conditional frontiers and conditional efficiency measures are a flexible and appealing approach to consider the role of environmental variables on the production process. Direct approaches estimate non-parametrically conditional distribution functions requiring smoothing techniques and the use of selected bandwidths. The statistical literature produces way to derive bandwidths of optimal order, by using e.g. least-squares-cross-validation techniques. However, it has been shown that the resulting order may not be optimal when estimating the boundary of the distribution function. As a consequence the direct approaches may suffer from some statistical instability. In this paper we suggest a full nonparametric approach which avoids the problem of estimating these bandwidths, by eliminating in a first step the influence of the environmental factors on the inputs and the outputs. By doing this we produce “pure” inputs and outputs which allow to estimate a “pure” measure of efficiency, more reliable for ranking the firms, since the influence of the external factors have been eliminated. This can be viewed as an extension of the use of location-scale models (implying some semi-parametric structure) to full nonparametric models, based on nonseparable, nonparametric models. We are also able to recover the frontier and efficiencies in original units. We describe the method, its statistical properties and we show in some Monte-Carlo simulations, how our new method dominates the traditional direct approach. |
| Keywords: | Nonparametric frontier models ; Environmental factors ; Conditional efficiency ; Robust estimation of frontiers |
| JEL: | C13 C14 C49 |
| Date: | 2022–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aiz:louvad:2022035&r=env |