Nephrozoa

Nephrozoa; Julat zaman: Ediacaran - Present, 558–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Pengelasan saintifik
Domain:	Eukaryota
Alam:	Animalia
Subalam:	Eumetazoa
Klad:	ParaHoxozoa
Klad:	Bilateria
Klad:	Nefrozoa; Jondelius et al., 2002
Subdivisions
	Ikaria †; Deuterostomia Chordata; Ambulacraria; ; Protostomia Ecdysozoa; Spiralia; ;
Sinonim
	Eubilateria Ax, 1987

Nephrozoa merupakan sebuah klad utama yang merangkumi semua haiwan bilateria selain daripada Xenacoelomorpha. Ia bertentangan dengan hipotesis Xenambulacraria, yang sebaliknya mengandaikan bahawa Xenacoelomorpha adalah yang paling berkait rapat dengan Ambulacraria.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Hipotesis manakah yang betul adalah kontroversi. Pengarang yang menyokong hipotesis Xenambulacraria telah mencadangkan bahawa bukti genetik yang digunakan untuk menyokong Nephrozoa mungkin disebabkan oleh kesalahan sistematik.^[1]

Di bawah adalah pokok filogenetik yang dicadangkan untuk Nephrozoa:

Nephrozoa

540 mya

	Echinodermata

	Hemichordata

Protostomia

	Ecdysozoa

	Spiralia

610 mya

650 mya

Rujukan

^ ^a ^b Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; dll. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31104936. S2CID 155104811.
^ Marlétaz, Ferdinand (2019-06-17). "Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians". Current Biology. 29 (12): R577–R579. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211978.
^ Kapli, Paschalia; Telford, Maximilian J. (11 Dec 2020). "Topology-dependent asymmetry in systematic errors affects phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora and Xenacoelomorpha". Science Advances. 6 (10): eabc5162. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc5162. PMC 7732190. PMID 33310849.
^ Kapli, Paschalia; Natsidis, Paschalis; Leite, Daniel J.; Fursman, Maximilian; Jeffrie, Nadia; Rahman, Imran A.; Philippe, Hervé; Copley, Richard R.; Telford, Maximilian J. (2021-03-19). "Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria". Science Advances (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 7 (12): eabe2741. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2741K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2741. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7978419. PMID 33741592.
^ Marlétaz, Ferdinand; Peijnenburg, Katja T.C.A.; Goto, Taichiro; Satoh, Noriyuki; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (2019-01-21). "A New Spiralian Phylogeny Places the Enigmatic Arrow Worms among Gnathiferans". Current Biology (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 29 (2): 312–318.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042. PMID 30639106.

[PhilippePoustka2019-1] Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; dll. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31104936. S2CID 155104811.

[2] Marlétaz, Ferdinand (2019-06-17). "Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians". Current Biology. 29 (12): R577–R579. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211978.

[Kapli_2020-3] Kapli, Paschalia; Telford, Maximilian J. (11 Dec 2020). "Topology-dependent asymmetry in systematic errors affects phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora and Xenacoelomorpha". Science Advances. 6 (10): eabc5162. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc5162. PMC 7732190. PMID 33310849.

[telford-4] Kapli, Paschalia; Natsidis, Paschalis; Leite, Daniel J.; Fursman, Maximilian; Jeffrie, Nadia; Rahman, Imran A.; Philippe, Hervé; Copley, Richard R.; Telford, Maximilian J. (2021-03-19). "Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria". Science Advances (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 7 (12): eabe2741. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2741K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2741. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7978419. PMID 33741592.

[gnathifera-5] Marlétaz, Ferdinand; Peijnenburg, Katja T.C.A.; Goto, Taichiro; Satoh, Noriyuki; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (2019-01-21). "A New Spiralian Phylogeny Places the Enigmatic Arrow Worms among Gnathiferans". Current Biology (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 29 (2): 312–318.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042. PMID 30639106.

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