Mauna Loa
Mauna Loa (Havaianice, IPA /mɐwnə ˈlowə/ 'mons longus'[1]) est unus e quinque montibus igniferis qui Magnam Insulam in insulis Havaianis, civitate Civitatum Foederatarum in Oceano Pacifico septentrionali sitis, constituunt. Qui mons, ambobus massa et volumine maximus telluris vulcanus subaerius, maximus quidem telluris mons ignifer saepe appellatur, solum Tamu planitie submarina minor.[2][3] Mauna Loa est activus mons ignifer scutiformis, cui sunt clivi aliquantulum lenes, et cuius volumen 75 000 fere chiliometrorum cubicorum aestimatur,[4] quamquam eius culmen est Mauna Kea, monte proximo, 38 fere metra inferius.[5] Eruptiones lavae ex Mauna Loa silica plerumque carent, fluidissimae sunt, et non explosivae esse solent.
Mauna Loa ut videtur saltem 700 000 annorum erupit, et super maris aequor abhinc annorum 400 000 fere fortasse emersit. Antiquissima saxa nota 200 000 annorum non sunt antiquiora.[6] Magma huius montis e geographico loco calido exoritur, qui per nonnullas decies millionum annorum Insulas Havaianas effecit.[7][8] Lentum Laminae Pacificae momentum ad ultimum Mauna Loa a loco calido ad annos a 500 000 ad milliones ferat, cum mons ignifer exstinctus fiet.
Mauna Loa nuperrime a 24 Martii ad 15 Aprilis 1984 erupit. Recentiores vulcani eruptiones homines non interfecerunt, sed eruptiones annis 1926 et 1950 aliquot vicos exstinxerunt, et Hilo urbs super lavam ex saeculo undevicensimo exeunte partim instructa est. Mons, propter periculum domuum et fundorum, pars est "Vulcani Decenniales," consilii Societatis Vulcanologiae Chemiaeque Interiorum Telluris Partium Internationalis,[9] quod periculosissimos mundi montes igniferos investigandos confirmat. Mauna Loa ab Observatorio Vulcanorum Havaiano ex 1912 penitus custoditur. Observationes atmosphaerae in Observatorio Maunae Loae solisque in Observatorio Solari Maunae Loae fiunt, institutis ambobus prope montis culmen sitis. Vivarium Vulcanorum Havaianorum Nationale culmen et meridiem orientalemque vulcani radices tuitur, ac Kilaueam, alium montem igniferum, protegit.
Notae
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- ↑ United States Geological Survey, "Mauna Loa: Earth's Largest Volcano," 2 Februarii 2006.
- ↑ Howard 2013.
- ↑ Sager et al. 2013.
- ↑ Formula:Cite conference.
- ↑ "Mauna Kea". NGS Station Datasheet. United States National Geodetic Survey.
- ↑ "Mauna Loa: Earth's Largest Volcano". United States Geological Survey. 2 Februarii 2006.
- ↑ David R. Sherrod; John M. Sinton; Sarah E. Watkins; Kelly M. Brunt (2007). "Geologic Map of the State of Hawai'i". Open-File Report 2007–1089. United States Geological Survey. pp. 50–51
- ↑ Watson, Jim (5 Maii 1999.). "The long trail of the Hawaiian hotspot". United States Geological Survey
- ↑ International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior.
Bibliographia
[recensere | fontem recensere]- Barnard, Walther M., ed. 1992. Mauna Loa, a source book: historical eruptions and exploration. Fredoniae Noviu Eboraci: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York College at Fredonia.
- Howard, Brian Clark. 2013. "New Giant Volcano Below Sea Is Largest in the World: Tamu Massif in the northwest Pacific challenges traditional views of ocean science." National Geographic, 6 Septembris 2013. Editio interretialis.
- Kious, W. J., et R. I. Tilling. 1996. "Hotspots": Mantle thermal plumes. United States Geological Survey. ISBN 978-0-16-048220-5. Editio interretialis.
- Rhodes, J. M., et John P. Lockwood, eds. 1995. Mauna Loa revealed: structure, composition, history, and hazards. Vasintoniae: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 0875900496.
- Sager, William W., Jinchang Zhang, Jun Korenaga, Takashi Sano, Anthony A. P. Koppers, Mike Widdowson, et John J. Mahoney. 2013. "An immense shield volcano within the Shatsky Rise oceanic plateau, northwest Pacific Ocean." Nature Geoscience 6, no. 11 (6 Septembris): 976–81. Bibcode:2013NatGe...6..976S. doi:10.1038/ngeo1934.
- Webster, Christine. 2004. Mauna Loa: The largest volcano in the United States. Novi Eboraci: Weigl Publishers. ISBN 1590360400, ISBN 1590361628.
Nexus externi
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Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Mauna Loa spectant. |
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Situs geographici et historici: Locus: 19°29′0″N 155°36′0″W • GeoNames • Thesaurus Getty • Peakbagger • Global Volcanism Program • Store norske Lexikon • "362275" apud USGS • Большая российская энциклопедия |
- Global Volcanism Program.
- Hawaii Center for Volcanology.
- Mauna Loa Observatory.
- Mauna Loa Solar Observatory.
- Mauna Loa anno 1934 erupiens. Pellicula colorifica sed muta. United States Geological Survey.]
- United States Geological Survey.