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L'impact du terrorisme islamiste sur l'économie informelle africaine: le Kenya, comparé au Ghana et au Sénégal
[The impact of Islamist terrorism on Africa's informal economy: Kenya, compared with Ghana and Senegal]

Author

Listed:
  • Kohnert, Dirk
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa emerged in the past years as global epicentre of Islamist terrorism. The impact of terrorism on the economy has a negative bearing on the formal and a positive effect on the informal sector. Among other things, this is due to the poorly diversified development economies of African countries and the class-specific impact of terrorism on welfare. This concerns not only a drop in sales, income and employment and rising transaction costs in the affected sectors, but also increasing poverty, hunger and hardship for the poor and needy. Transnational terrorism amplifies both the negative and the positive effects. African countries that have suffered severely from these attacks include Somalia, Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, South Sudan, Libya and Egypt. But even West African countries such as Ghana and Senegal which have been spared so far from terrorist attacks, the menace is growing, and economic effects are already tangible. Since the informal sector, i.e. the shadow economy with all its ambivalent facets, including cross-border crime, is still dominant in many African countries, especially in West Africa, this sector is of particular importance. It is still one of the largest in the world. The fight against Islamist terrorism is not just a military issue. In the economic sphere too it should be fought at its roots. Since most of the African poor live in and from the informal sector, which is also a breeding ground for criminal activities such as human trafficking of all kinds, money laundering and terrorists, they suffer the most from the negative consequences. Terrorists' sources of funding often derive from the proceeds of illegal trade. The close ties between criminal and terrorist groups can undermine the very foundations of the republican state and weaken democratic institutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Kohnert, Dirk, 2022. "L'impact du terrorisme islamiste sur l'économie informelle africaine: le Kenya, comparé au Ghana et au Sénégal [The impact of Islamist terrorism on Africa's informal economy: Kenya, compared with G," MPRA Paper 113605, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:113605
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Habib Sekrafi & Mehdi Abid & Soufiene Assidi, 2021. "The impact of terrorism on formal and informal economy in African countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 1163-1180, January.
    2. Leandro Medina & Mr. Andrew W Jonelis & Mehmet Cangul, 2017. "The Informal Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Size and Determinants," IMF Working Papers 2017/156, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Kohnert, Dirk & Marfaing, Laurence, 2019. "Senegal: Presidential elections 2019 - The shining example of democratic transition immersed in muddy power-politics," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 53(2), pages 355-366.
    4. Brown, Alison, 2015. "Claiming the Streets: Property Rights and Legal Empowerment in the Urban Informal Economy," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 238-248.
    5. Edmond Noubissi & Henri Njangang, 2020. "The impact of terrorism on agriculture in African countries," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(4), pages 730-743, December.
    6. Ilyas, Saddam & Mehmood, Bilal & Aslam, Raees, 2017. "Terrorism and Poverty: Double Trouble for Macroeconomic Performance in African Countries," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 5(1), January.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Terrorisme islamiste; Islamisme; crime organisé; économie informelle; économie souterraine; terrorisme; État fragile; pauvreté; extrémisme; État islamique; trafic de stupéfiants; trafic d'armes; trafic; Ghana; Kenya; Sénégal; Afrique subsaharienne; Afrique de l'Ouest; Nigeria; Bénin; Côte d'Ivoire; Mali; Burkina Faso; Somalie; Soudan du Sud; Postcolonialisme; Études africaines;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E26 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
    • F35 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Aid
    • F52 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - National Security; Economic Nationalism
    • F54 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
    • H56 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - National Security and War
    • N17 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Africa; Oceania
    • N47 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - Africa; Oceania
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State
    • P26 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Property Rights
    • Z12 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Religion
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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