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NEET Youth in the Aftermath of the Crisis: Challenges and Policies

Author

Listed:
  • Stéphane Carcillo

    (OECD)

  • Rodrigo Fernández

    (OECD)

  • Sebastian Königs

    (OECD)

  • Andreea Minea

    (Sciences Po, Paris)

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the situation of youth in OECD countries since the onset of the financial crisis focusing primarily on describing the characteristics and living conditions of youth not in employment, education or training (the ‘NEETs’). It also provides data on the availability, coverage and effectiveness of income-support policies for young people, and summarises available evidence on the impact of interventions that aim at improving the social, education and employment situation of the most disadvantaged youth. Due to the paper’s explicit focus on the hardest-to-place, most disadvantaged youth, the range of policies covered is broader than in earlier studies on the same topic, including various social benefits and in-kind services targeted at this group. The paper shows that NEET rates have not yet recovered from the crisis. There are large differences in youth unemployment and inactivity across countries, and these differences were further exacerbated by the recession. Reducing NEET rates is a great challenge for governments, as youth who remain jobless for long periods typically come from more disadvantaged backgrounds, have low levels of educational attainment, and are in many cases inactive. There is substantial evidence, however, that even the most disadvantaged youth can benefit from a variety of targeted interventions, including for instance special education programmes and mentoring. Cet article présente un aperçu de la situation des jeunes dans les pays de l'OCDE depuis le début de la crise financière, en se concentrant principalement sur les conditions de vie et les caractéristiques des jeunes ni en emploi, ni scolarisés, ni en formation (les ‘NEETs’). Il fournit également des données sur la disponibilité, la couverture et l'efficacité des prestations sociales, et fait une synthèse de l'efficacité des interventions qui visent à améliorer la situation sociale, l'éducation et l'emploi des jeunes les plus défavorisés. Il se concentre sur les jeunes les plus défavorisés et les plus difficiles à placer. À ce titre, l'éventail des politiques visées est plus élargi que dans les études précédentes sur le même sujet, comprenant tout l’éventail des prestations sociales et un large panorama des interventions possibles, allant des services sociaux à l’emploi, en passant par l’éducation et la santé. Nous montrons que les taux de NEET n’ont pas encore retrouvé leurs niveaux d’avant la crise. Il existe cependant de grandes différences entre pays dans le chômage et l'inactivité des jeunes, qui ont été exacerbées par la récession. Réduire le taux de NEET est difficile pour les gouvernements. Les jeunes qui contribuent le plus au chômage et à l'inactivité restent sans emploi pendant de longues périodes et viennent généralement de milieux les plus défavorisés. Dans de nombreux cas ils ne recherchent pas d’emploi et ont des niveaux d'éducation faibles ou pas d’éducation du tout. Il existe pourtant des preuves que ces jeunes peuvent bénéficier d’un large éventail d'interventions ciblées, allant de programmes d'éducation spécialisée au mentorat.

Suggested Citation

  • Stéphane Carcillo & Rodrigo Fernández & Sebastian Königs & Andreea Minea, 2015. "NEET Youth in the Aftermath of the Crisis: Challenges and Policies," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 164, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaab:164-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5js6363503f6-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Denis Anne, 2019. "Aides à la mobilité et insertion sociale," Erudite Ph.D Dissertations, Erudite, number ph19-03 edited by Yannick L'Horty.
    2. Emile Cammeraat & Egbert Jongen & Pierre Koning, 2022. "Preventing NEETs during the Great Recession: the effects of mandatory activation programs for young welfare recipients," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 749-777, February.
    3. Francesco Filippucci, 2022. "What Do NEETs Need? The Effect of Combining Activation Policies and Cash Transfers," Working Papers halshs-03524083, HAL.
    4. Marianna Battaglia & Marisa Hidalgo-Hidalgo, 2020. "Non-Cognitive Skills and Remedial Education: Good News for Girls," Working Papers 20.10, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Economics.
    5. van Vugt, Lynn & Nieuwenhuis, Rense & Levels, Mark, 2020. "Escaping the motherhood trap: Parental leave and childcare help young mothers to avoid NEET risks," Research Memorandum 033, Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE).
    6. Stéphane Carcillo & Élise Huillery & Yannick L'Horty, 2017. "Prévenir la pauvreté par l'emploi, l'éducation et la mobilité," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-02446145, HAL.
    7. Valentina Tocchioni & Anna Rybińska & Monika Mynarska & Anna Matysiak & Daniele Vignoli, 2022. "Life-Course Trajectories of Childless Women: Country-Specific or Universal?," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 38(5), pages 1315-1332, December.
    8. Joongbaeck Kim & Soo-Yeon Yoon, 2018. "Association between socioeconomic attainments and suicidal ideation by age groups in Korea," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 64(7), pages 628-636, November.
    9. Lukasz Arendt & Wojciech Grabowski & Iwona Kukulak-Dolata, 2020. "County-Level Patterns of Undeclared Work: An Empirical Analysis of a Highly Diversified Region in the European Union," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 149(1), pages 271-295, May.
    10. Levent Şahin & Halis Yunus Ersöz & İbrahim Demir & Muhammed Erkam Kocakaya & Osman Akgül & Abdullah Miraç Bükey, 2023. "The Relationship between Cause and Effect Dimensions of Young People’s Being “Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET)” in Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-19, October.
    11. Floro Ernesto Caroleo & Antonella Rocca & Paolo Mazzocchi & Claudio Quintano, 2020. "Being NEET in Europe Before and After the Economic Crisis: An Analysis of the Micro and Macro Determinants," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 149(3), pages 991-1024, June.
    12. Carlos Pesquera Alonso & Práxedes Muñoz Sánchez & Almudena Iniesta Martínez, 2021. "Youth Guarantee: Looking for Explanations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, May.
    13. Denis Anne & Julie Le Gallo & Yannick L’Horty, 2020. "Faciliter la mobilité quotidienne des jeunes éloignés de l’emploi : une évaluation expérimentale," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 130(4), pages 519-544.
    14. Marios Michaelides & Peter Mueser & Jeffrey Smith, 2019. "Youth Unemployment and U.S. Job Search Assistance Policy during the Great Recession," University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics 13-2019, University of Cyprus Department of Economics.
    15. Cammeraat, Emile & Jongen, Egbert L. W. & Koning, Pierre, 2017. "Preventing NEETs during the Great Recession: The Effects of a Mandatory Activation Program for Young Welfare Recipients," IZA Discussion Papers 11090, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    16. Vincent Vergnat, 2021. "Tax-benefit policies to fight poverty among young adults in Europe," LISER Working Paper Series 2021-09, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER).
    17. Anna Zudina, 2017. "What Makes Youth Become NEET? The Evidence from Russian LFS," HSE Working papers WP BRP 177/EC/2017, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    18. Raul Ramos, 2019. "Migration aspirations among youth in the Middle East and North Africa region," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 487-507, December.
    19. Berigel, Muhammet & Boztaş, Gizem Dilan & Rocca, Antonella & Neagu, Gabriela, 2023. "A model for predicting determinants factors for NEETs rates: Support for the decision-makers," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 87(PB).
    20. Iacopo Odoardi, 2020. "Can parents’ education lay the foundation for reducing the inactivity of young people? A regional analysis of Italian NEETs," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 37(1), pages 307-336, April.
    21. Davide Fiaschi & Cristina Tealdi, 2022. "Young people between education and the labour market during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 43(7), pages 1719-1757, July.
    22. Alen Mujčinović & Aleksandra Nikolić & Emelj Tuna & Ivana Janeska Stamenkovska & Vesela Radović & Paul Flynn & Veronica McCauley, 2021. "Is It Possible to Tackle Youth Needs with Agricultural and Rural Development Policies?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-15, July.
    23. Thomas Couppié & Arnaud Dupray & Dominique Épiphane & Virginie Mora, 2018. "20 ans d'insertion professionnelle des jeunes : entre permanences et évolutions," Post-Print hal-03517119, HAL.
    24. Francesco Filippucci, 2022. "What Do NEETs Need? The Effect of Combining Activation Policies and Cash Transfers," PSE Working Papers halshs-03524083, HAL.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J38 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Public Policy

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