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Los Retornos a la Educación en Chile: Estimaciones por Corte Transversal y por Cohortes

Author

Listed:
  • Claudio Sapelli.

    (Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.)

Abstract
Se utilizan cortes transversales y cohortes sintéticas para estimar las tasas de retorno a la educación en Chile. Para corte transversal se usa las CASEN de los años 1990 a 2006. Para cohortes sintéticas, las Encuestas de Ocupación del gran Santiago para los años 1957 a 2000 y la encuesta CASEN para los años 1990 a 2006.Los resultados de corte transversal muestran que la tasa de retorno es notoriamente distinta para los distintos niveles educativos. Los datos también muestran una inflexión en la evolución en el tiempo de las tasas de retorno: el alza mostrada en un principio se ha revertido, presentando además una convergencia de tasas. Se observan también fuertes premios a la obtención de títulos (sheepskin effect) para todos los niveles de educación, exceptuando la educación media técnica, donde los resultados no son claros, y la educación técnico profesional, donde esta desagregación no es aplicable. Esta evidencia señala claramente a la educación como una mezcla entre un aumento de la productividad (o capital humano) del individuo y un proceso de señalización hacia el mercado laboral. Los resultados de cohortes sintéticas muestran un nivel de retornos mucho más alto para todos los niveles de educación que los obtenidos a través de la metodología de Mincer, lo que concuerda con la teoría sobre la relación entre los dos métodos. Podemos ver entonces como las estimaciones a través de estudios de cortes transversales subestiman los verdaderos retornos para el proceso educativo en el caso chileno. En términos de la evolución en el tiempo estos resultados muestran también de forma mucho más evidente ir en camino a un cierto nivel de convergencia. Comparando nuestros resultados con estudios internacionales, vemos que las estimaciones a la Mincer muestran, para la educación secundaria y superior, una tasa de retorno mayor en el caso chileno que en la mayoría de los países similares y que todos los países desarrollados. Por último, vemos que al comparar las tasas de retorno en estudios de cohorte, los retornos chilenos son también mucho más altos.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudio Sapelli., 2009. "Los Retornos a la Educación en Chile: Estimaciones por Corte Transversal y por Cohortes," Documentos de Trabajo 349, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile..
    • Handle: RePEc:ioe:doctra:349
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    File URL: https://www.economia.uc.cl/docs/doctra/dt-349.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mª Covadonga De la Iglesia Villasol & Laura Vitriago, 2014. "Factores que influyen en las diferencias de los ingresos del trabajo. Ensayo sobre el caso español en 2011," Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación volume 9, in: Adela García Aracil & Isabel Neira Gómez (ed.), Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 9, edition 1, volume 9, chapter 39, pages 747-767, Asociación de Economía de la Educación.
    2. Sergio, Urzúa, 2012. "La rentabilidad de la educación superior en Chile: revisión de las bases de 30 años de políticas públicas," Estudios Públicos, Centro de Estudios Públicos, vol. 0(125), pages 2-52.
    3. Viviana Salinas, 2011. "Socioeconomic Differences According to Family Arrangements in Chile," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 30(5), pages 677-699, October.
    4. repec:ilo:ilowps:484955 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Mercedes Teijeiro Álvarez & María Jesús Freire Seoane, 2010. "Las ecuaciones de Mincer y las tasas de rendimiento de la educación en Galicia," Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación volume 5, in: María Jesús Mancebón-Torrubia & Domingo P. Ximénez-de-Embún & José María Gómez-Sancho & Gregorio Gim (ed.), Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 5, edition 1, volume 5, chapter 14, pages 285-304, Asociación de Economía de la Educación.
    6. Claudio Sapelli, 2011. "A cohort analysis of the income distribution in Chile," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 38(1 Year 20), pages 223-242, June.
    7. Patrinos, Harry A. & Sakellariou, Chris, 2011. "Quality of Schooling, Returns to Schooling and the 1981 Vouchers Reform in Chile," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(12), pages 2245-2256.
    8. Felipe Andrés Lozano-Rojas, 2012. "Human Capital Contracts in Chile: An Exercise Based on Income Data on chilean HE Graduates," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 49(2), pages 185-215, November.
    9. Claudio Sapelli, 2011. "Sudden Stops in Social Mobility: Intergenerational Mobility in Chile," Documentos de Trabajo 400, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile..
    10. Iturra, Victor & Gallardo, Mauricio, 2022. "Schools, circumstances and inequality of opportunities in Chile," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    11. José Joaquín Brunner, 2013. "The Rationale for Higher Education Investment in Ibero-America," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 319, OECD Publishing.
    12. Tomás Rau & Eugenio Rojas & Sergio Urzúa, 2013. "Loans for Higher Education: Does the Dream Come True?," NBER Working Papers 19138, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Alonso, Bucarey & Sergio, Urzúa, 2013. "El retorno económico de la educación media técnico profesional en Chile," Estudios Públicos, Centro de Estudios Públicos, vol. 0(129), pages 1-48.
    14. Gammage, Sarah. & Alburquerque, Tomás. & Durán, Gonzálo., 2014. "Poverty, inequality and employment in Chile," ILO Working Papers 994849553402676, International Labour Organization.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Synthetic cohorts; mincer equation; rates of return; education;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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