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Retornos a la educación superior en el mercado laboral: ¿vale la pena el esfuerzo?

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  • Gustavo Yamada
Abstract
La presente investigación encuentra evidencia mixta acerca de la rentabilidad de la educación superior en el mercado laboral peruano. Gracias a la convexificación de los retornos, la educación universitaria (tanto privada como pública) ofrece actualmente tasas de retorno privado y social en términos reales comparables con otras alternativas de inversión financiera y económica disponibles en el país. Por el contrario, la educación superior no universitaria otorga tasas de retorno privado y social poco atractivas, y hasta negativas, por lo que se requiere una profunda evaluación y reforma de este nivel educativo. El estudio encuentra también diferencias en los retornos a la educación de acuerdo al género, tipo de empleo y ubicación geográfica de los trabajadores. Por último, la investigación establece un ordenamiento de profesiones universitarias y técnicas, por niveles de remuneración y rentabilidad esperada, que lo encabezan los ingenieros civiles, en el primer caso, y técnicos de administración, en el segundo. En el extremo inferior del ranking se ubican los profesionales de educación básica y técnicos de enfermería. Este tipo de información debe ser producida con regularidad, sobre la base de encuestas nacionales de hogares, y difundirse ampliamente entre los potenciales estudiantes de carreras profesionales y técnicas y las autoridades educativas del país. Este estudio se desarrolló como resultado del VII Concurso Anual de Investigación CIES 2005, con el auspicio de la Agencia Canadiense para el Desarrollo Internacional (ACDI) y el Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo (IDRC, por sus siglas en inglés). Se publicó en la serie CIES Diagnóstico y Propuesta 31 y en el Documento de Trabajo CIUP 78, 2007.

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  • Gustavo Yamada, 2007. "Retornos a la educación superior en el mercado laboral: ¿vale la pena el esfuerzo?," Diagnóstico y propuesta, Consorcio de Investigación Económica y Social.
    • Handle: RePEc:bbj:dxpcie:21
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    1. Gustavo Yamada & Juan Castro, 2009. "Educational attainment, growth and poverty reduction within the MDG framework: simulations and costing for the Peruvian case," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 12(1), pages 57-73.
    2. Verónica Frisancho Robles & R. Oropesa, 2011. "International Migration and the Education of Children: Evidence from Lima, Peru," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 30(4), pages 591-618, August.
    3. Carpio, Miguel Angel, 2011. "Do pension wealth, pension cost and the nature of pension system affect coverage? Evidence from a country where pay-as-you-go and funded systems coexist," MPRA Paper 34926, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. José Joaquín Brunner, 2013. "The Rationale for Higher Education Investment in Ibero-America," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 319, OECD Publishing.
    5. Gustavo Yamada & Juan Castro, 2009. "Educational attainment, growth and poverty reduction within the MDG framework: simulations and costing for the Peruvian case," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 12(1), pages 57-73.
    6. Gustavo Yamada & Juan Francisco Castro, 2007. "Poverty, inequality, and social policies in Peru: As poor as it gets," Working Papers 07-06, Centro de Investigación, Universidad del Pacífico.
    7. Jose S. Rodriguez & Lisset Montoro, 2013. "La educación superior en el Perú: situación actual y perspectivas," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers 2013-370, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.

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