[go: up one dir, main page]
IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000102/007428.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Diferenciales salariales por género y región en Colombia: Una aproximación con regresión por cuantiles

Author

Listed:
  • Luis Armando Galvis
Abstract
The evidence of gender pay gap is present in the Colombian labor market, as in many other countries. This gap is not homogeneous in the territory, which provides the rationale for a detailed analysis of what is happening in each of the regions of the country. The results show differentials of positive wage gaps in favor of men, in most of the main cities. Not all this difference can be attributed to the existence of discrimination as there exist factors that explain part of the wage gap. To identify the relevance of those factors we use the Blinder-Oaxaca, BO, decomposition in the context of quantile regression. The results of the BO method suggest that wage gaps are not explained by the observable attributes of individuals. These gaps are mostly explained by the effect of pay gaps to attributes such as education, and unobserved attributes. The analysis by cities shows patterns that reveal a higher wage gap in the peripheral cities as opposed to Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Manizales and Pereira. Differences in compensation to attributes are represented by what is known as the coefficients effect. This effect comprises as well the existence of discrimination by gender, thus this result deserves special attention for the purposes of gender equalizing payment policies. RESUMEN: La existencia de brechas salariales por género es un fenómeno que, al igual que en muchos otros países, está presente en el mercado laboral colombiano. Esas brechas no son homogéneas a través del territorio y ello justifica un análisis detallado de lo que ocurre en cada una de las regiones del país. Los resultados muestran diferenciales de salarios positivos a favor de los hombres en la mayoría de las ciudades principales. No todo este diferencial puede ser atribuido a la existencia de discriminación por cuanto existen factores que explican parte de la brecha salarial. Para ello se emplea la descomposición de Blinder-Oaxaca en el contexto de regresión por cuantiles. Los resultados de la aplicación de la metodología de BO sugieren que las brechas salariales no están explicadas por los atributos observables de los individuos. Dichas brechas son en su mayoría explicadas por el efecto de las diferencias en la remuneración a los atributos tales como la educación, y a elementos no observados. Por ciudades el estudio muestra patrones que revelan una mayor brecha salarial en las ciudades periféricas en contraposición a las de Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Manizales y Pereira. Dado que el efecto remuneración comprende, entre otros, la posible existencia de discriminación por género, es importante que se le otorgue la debida atención a este resultado para efectos de la formulación de políticas de género.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Armando Galvis, 2010. "Diferenciales salariales por género y región en Colombia: Una aproximación con regresión por cuantiles," Documentos de Trabajo Sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 7428, Banco de la República, Economía Regional.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000102:007428
    DOI: 10.32468/dtseru.131
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.131
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.32468/dtseru.131?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Orley Ashenfelter & Ronald Oaxaca, 1987. "The Economics of Discrimination Thirty Years Later: Economists Enter the Courtroom," Working Papers 596, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    2. Koenker, Roger W & Bassett, Gilbert, Jr, 1978. "Regression Quantiles," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(1), pages 33-50, January.
    3. Albrecht, James & van Vuuren, Aico & Vroman, Susan, 2009. "Counterfactual distributions with sample selection adjustments: Econometric theory and an application to the Netherlands," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 383-396, August.
    4. Doris Weichselbaumer & Rudolf Winter‐Ebmer, 2005. "A Meta‐Analysis of the International Gender Wage Gap," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(3), pages 479-511, July.
    5. Juan D. Barón & Deborah A. Cobb‐Clark, 2010. "Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Private‐ and Public‐Sector Employment: A Distributional Analysis," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 86(273), pages 227-246, June.
    6. Melly, Blaise, 2005. "Decomposition of differences in distribution using quantile regression," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 577-590, August.
    7. Alejandro Badel & Ximena Peña, 2010. "Decomposing the Gender Wage Gap with Sample Selection Adjustment: Evidence from Colombia," Revista de Analisis Economico – Economic Analysis Review, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business, vol. 25(2), pages 169-191, Diciembre.
    8. repec:fth:prinin:216 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Becker, Gary S., 1971. "The Economics of Discrimination," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 2, number 9780226041162, April.
    10. Gregory M. Duncan & Duane E. Leigh, 1980. "Wage Determination in the Union and Nonunion Sectors: A Sample Selectivity Approach," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 34(1), pages 24-34, October.
    11. Romero-Prieto, Julio Enrique, 2011. "¿Discriminación laboral o capital humano? : determinantes del ingreso laboral de los afrocartageneros," Chapters, in: Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo (ed.), Dimensión regional de las desigualdades en Colombia, chapter 4, pages 123-163, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    12. García Cruz Gustavo Adolfo, 2008. "Informalidad regional en Colombia. Evidencia y Determinantes," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, February.
    13. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    14. Diego F. Angel‐Urdinola & Quentin Wodon, 2006. "The Gender Wage Gap and Poverty in Colombia," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 20(4), pages 721-739, December.
    15. Ashenfelter, Orley & Oaxaca, Ronald, 1987. "The Economics of Discrimination: Economists Enter the Courtroom," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 77(2), pages 321-325, May.
    16. Reimers, Cordelia W, 1983. "Labor Market Discrimination against Hispanic and Black Men," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 65(4), pages 570-579, November.
    17. Oaxaca, Ronald, 1973. "Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 14(3), pages 693-709, October.
    18. Myeong‐Su Yun, 2009. "Wage Differentials, Discrimination And Inequality: A Cautionary Note On The Juhn, Murphy And Pierce Decomposition Method," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 56(1), pages 114-122, February.
    19. Orley Ashenfelter & Ronald Oaxaca, 1987. "The Economics of Discrimination Thirty Years Later: Economists Enter the Courtroom," Working Papers 596, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    20. Luisa Fernanda Bernat, 2009. "¿Quienes son las mujeres discriminadas?: enfoque distributivo de las diferencias salariales por género," Borradores de Economía y Finanzas 5242, Universidad Icesi.
    21. Phelps, Edmund S, 1972. "The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 62(4), pages 659-661, September.
    22. Julio Romero, 2008. "¿Discriminación laboral o capital humano? Determinantes del ingreso laboral," Coyuntura Social 12857, Fedesarrollo.
    23. Shoshana Neuman & Ronald Oaxaca, 2004. "Wage Decompositions with Selectivity-Corrected Wage Equations: A Methodological Note," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 2(1), pages 3-10, April.
    24. José A. F. Machado & José Mata, 2005. "Counterfactual decomposition of changes in wage distributions using quantile regression," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(4), pages 445-465, May.
    25. Jaime Tenjo Galarza & Paula Herrera Idárraga, 2009. "Dos ensayos sobre discriminación: discriminación salarial y discriminación en acceso al empleo por origen étnico y por género," Documentos de Economía 5424, Universidad Javeriana - Bogotá.
    26. Alan S. Blinder, 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 8(4), pages 436-455.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Arango-Thomas, Luis Eduardo & Hamann-Salcedo, Franz Alonso (ed.), 2012. "El mercado de trabajo en Colombia : hechos, tendencias e instituciones," Books, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, number 2012-12, August.
    2. Mora, Jhon James & Arcila, Andrés Mauricio, 2014. "Brechas salariales por etnia y ubicación geográfica en Santiago de Cali || Wage Gap by Geographic Location and Ethnicity in Cali (Colombia)," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 18(1), pages 34-53, December.
    3. Luis Armando Galvis A., 2012. "Informalidad laboral en las áreas urbanas de Colombia," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, June.
    4. Carmiña O. Vargas, 2011. "Desigualdad de salarios en Colombia: evidencia a partir de encuestas de hogares 1984 -2010," Borradores de Economia 661, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    5. Gustavo A. García, 2017. "Labor Informality: Choice or Sign of Segmentation? A Quantile Regression Approach at the Regional Level for Colombia," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 985-1017, November.
    6. Arango-Thomas, Luis Eduardo, 2012. "Mercado de trabajo de Colombia : suma de partes heterogéneas," Chapters, in: Arango-Thomas, Luis Eduardo & Hamann-Salcedo, Franz Alonso (ed.), El mercado de trabajo en Colombia : hechos, tendencias e instituciones, chapter 4, pages 167-205, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    7. María Teresa Ripoll, 2015. "[Ensayo] Género e historia empresarial en Colombia: Un balance bibliográfico, 1980 - 2013," Revista Economía y Región, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, vol. 9(2), pages 201-219, December.
    8. Luis E. Arango & Luz A. Flórez & María A. Olarte-Delgado, 2019. "Precio del carbón y dinámica laboral en Valledupar," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, vol. 22(2), pages 313-370, December.
    9. Sánchez-Jabba, Andrés Mauricio, 2014. "Etnia y rendimiento académico en Colombia," Chapters, in: Sánchez Jabba, Andrés & Otero Cortés, Andrea (ed.), Educación y desarrollo regional en Colombia, chapter 2, pages 59-100, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    10. Luis Armando Galvis, 2013. "¿El triunfo de Bogotá?: desempeno reciente de la ciudad capital," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, June.
    11. Dustin T. G. RODRIGUEZ, 2016. "Returns to Education of Colombian Economists: Analysis from the Theory of Human Capital (2009-2013)," Journal of Economic and Social Thought, KSP Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 139-149, March.
    12. Luis C. Díaz-Canedo, 2018. "[Resena] Mercado laboral, desempleo femenino y brechas por género en Colombia," Revista Economía y Región, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, vol. 12(1), pages 169-177, June.
    13. Cristian Dario Castillo Robayo & Julimar Da Silva Bichara & Manuel Pérez-Trujillo, 2017. "Retornos salariales para Colombia, un análisis cuantílico," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, vol. 36(63), pages 211-246, January.
    14. Juan Byron Correa Fonnegra & Carlos Augusto Viáfara López & Víctor Hugo Zuluaga González, 2011. "Desigualdad étnico-racial en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia: Un análisis a partir de Regresión Cuantílica," Revista Sociedad y Economía, Universidad del Valle, CIDSE, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Arceo-Gómez, Eva O. & Campos-Vázquez, Raymundo M., 2014. "Evolución de la brecha salarial de género en México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(323), pages .619-653, julio-sep.
    2. Sonja C. Kassenboehmer & Mathias G. Sinning, 2014. "Distributional Changes in the Gender Wage Gap," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 67(2), pages 335-361, April.
    3. Bedaso, Fenet Jima, 2024. "Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from Ethiopia," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1393, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    4. Carla Canelas & Silvia Salazar, 2014. "Gender and ethnic inequalities in LAC countries," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 3(1), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Fortin, Nicole & Lemieux, Thomas & Firpo, Sergio, 2011. "Decomposition Methods in Economics," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 1, pages 1-102, Elsevier.
    6. Carla Canelas & Silvia Salazar, 2014. "Gender and Ethnicity in Bolivia, Ecuador and Guatemala," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 14021, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne.
    7. Thomas Grandner & Dieter Gstach, 2012. "Decomposing wage discrimination in Germany and Austria with counterfactual densities," Department of Economics Working Papers wuwp145, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics.
    8. Collischon Matthias, 2019. "Is There a Glass Ceiling over Germany?," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 20(4), pages 329-359, December.
    9. Böheim, René & Himpele, Klemens & Mahringer, Helmut & Zulehner, Christine, 2013. "The distribution of the gender wage gap in Austria : evidence from matched employer-employee data and tax records," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 46(1), pages 19-34.
    10. Rahman, Mustafizur & Al-Hasan, Md., 2018. "Male-Female wage gap and informal employment in Bangladesh: A quantile regression approach," MPRA Paper 90131, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Böheim, René & Himpele, Klemens & Mahringer, Helmut & Zulehner, Christine, 2013. "The distribution of the gender wage gap in Austria : evidence from matched employer-employee data and tax records," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 46(1), pages 19-34.
    12. Javier Yabrudy, 2011. "Discriminación étnica e ingresos en la Isla de San Andrés, Colombia," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, November.
    13. Michael Weber & Jan Kluge, 2015. "Decomposing the German East-West wage gap," ERSA conference papers ersa15p636, European Regional Science Association.
    14. Taiwo Aderemi & Ibrahim Alley, 2019. "Gender pay gap in the workplace: the case of public and private sectors in Nigeria," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 21(2), pages 370-391, December.
    15. René Böheim & Klemens Himpele & Helmut Mahringer & Christine Zulehner, 2013. "The distribution of the gender wage gap in Austria: evidence from matched employer-employee data and tax records [Eine Auswertung von Steuer- und Sozialversicherungsdaten zur Untersuchung der Verte," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 46(1), pages 19-34, March.
    16. Karolina Goraus & Joanna Tyrowicz & Lucas Velde, 2017. "Which Gender Wage Gap Estimates to Trust? A Comparative Analysis," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 63(1), pages 118-146, March.
    17. Essama-Nssah, B., 2012. "Identification of sources of variation in poverty outcomes," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5954, The World Bank.
    18. Paul Carrillo & Néstor Gandelman & Virginia Robano, 2014. "Sticky floors and glass ceilings in Latin America," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 12(3), pages 339-361, September.
    19. Joanna Tyrowicz & Lucas van der Velde, 2017. "When the opportunity knocks: large structural shocks and gender wage gaps," GRAPE Working Papers 2, GRAPE Group for Research in Applied Economics.
    20. João Pereira & Aurora Galego, 2014. "Inter-Regional Wage Differentials in Portugal: An Analysis Across the Wage Distribution," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(9), pages 1529-1546, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    mercado laboral; discriminación; capital humano; género; brechas salariales; regresión por cuantiles.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J70 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - General
    • C31 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models
    • R10 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:col:000102:007428. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Banco De La República - Economía Regional (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cbcgvco.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.