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The Millennium Round and Developing Countries: Negotiating Strategies and Areas of Benefits

Author

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  • Arvind Panagariya

    (University of Maryland)

Abstract
Written prior to the WTO conference in Seattle, this paper identifies negotiating strategies and areas of benefits from a new multilateral round of trade negotiations for developing countries. Although the attempts to launch a round at Seattle failed, the strategy outlined in the paper remains relevant, should fresh efforts be made to launch a round. From the viewpoint of overall strategy, developing countries should limit the agenda for anew round to the built-in Uruguay Round (UR), agenda plus trade liberalization in industrial goods. From the long-run perspective, they need to commit substantial human and financial resources to the creation of native research and negotiating capacity on WTO-related issues. The areas covered in the paper include trade liberalization, multilateral agreement on investment, dispute settlement, anti-dumping, and labour and environmental standards. Expected benefits from liberalization in industrial products to developing countries justify their inclusion in the new round, even though they are not a part of the UR built-in agenda. In agriculture, developing countries must watch out against the proliferation of sanitary and phytosanitary(SPS) measures, which threaten to turn into the most important barrier against their agricultural exports as this sector is liberalized. On electronic commerce, a key objective should be to classify it as trade in services. Developing countries should then seek the liberalization of services by developed countries in sectors in which they can export services electronically. There is an acute need to improve the access of developing countries to the legal and professional services necessary to get a fair hearing in the Dispute Settlement Body. Developed countries have substantial in-house resource to devote to disputes which developing countries lack. In the short run, this asymmetry must be corrected by the provision of resources that allow developing countries to hire private legal experts. In the long
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Suggested Citation

  • Arvind Panagariya, 2003. "The Millennium Round and Developing Countries: Negotiating Strategies and Areas of Benefits," International Trade 0308018, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpit:0308018
    Note: Type of Document - Tex/WordPerfect/Handwritten; prepared on IBM PC - PC-TEX/UNIX Sparc TeX; to print on HP/PostScript/Franciscan monk; pages: 345,395,4323247 ; figures: included/request from author/draw your own
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Theodore H. Moran, 1998. "Foreign Direct Investment and Development: The New Policy Agenda for Developing Countries and Economies in Transition," Peterson Institute Press: All Books, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number 53, April.
    2. Arvind Panagariya, 2000. "E‐Commerce, WTO and Developing Countries," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(8), pages 959-978, August.
    3. Hamilton, Bob & Whalley, John, 1984. "Efficiency and distributional implications of global restrictions on labour mobility : Calculations and policy implications," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 61-75.
    4. Sapir, Andre, 1998. "The political economy of EC regionalism," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(3-5), pages 717-732, May.
    5. Ingco, Merlinda D., 1995. "Agricultural trade liberalization in the Uruguay Round : one step forward, one step back?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1500, The World Bank.
    6. Hoekman, Bernard & Saggi, Kamal, 1999. "Multilateral disciplines for investment-related policies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2138, The World Bank.
    7. Jackson, John H, 1998. "Dispute Settlement and the WTO: Emerging Problems," Journal of International Economic Law, Oxford University Press, vol. 1(3), pages 329-351, September.
    8. Dani Rodrik, 1998. "Has Globalization Gone Too Far?," Challenge, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(2), pages 81-94, March.
    9. Arvind Panagariya, 2003. "Free Trade At Border," International Trade 0309005, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Arvind Panagariya, 2003. "TRIPS and the WTO An Uneasy Marriage," International Trade 0309002, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Arvind Subramanian, 1990. "TRIPs and the Paradigm of the GATT: a Tropical, Temperate View," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(4), pages 509-522, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Servaas Storm & J. Mohan Rao, 2002. "Agricultural Globalization in Developing Countries: Rules, Rationales and Results," Working Papers wp71, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    2. Mattoo, Aaditya & Olarreaga, Marcelo, 2000. "Reciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the WTO: A Negotiating Formula," CEPR Discussion Papers 2481, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Arvind Panagariya, 2003. "Trade Labour Link A Post Seattle Analysis," International Trade 0309003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Arvind Panagariya, 2002. "Developing Countries at Doha: A Political Economy Analysis," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(9), pages 1205-1233, September.
    5. Mattoo, Aaditya & Olarreaga, Marcelo, 2000. "Reciprocity across modes of supply in the World Trade Organization : a negotiating formula," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2373, The World Bank.
    6. Posh Raj Pandey, 2003. "Agreement on Agriculture: Issues of Market Access for South Asian Countries," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 4(1), pages 19-40, March.

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    JEL classification:

    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F2 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business

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