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Labor Market Trends and Outcomes: What Has Changed since the Great Recession?

Author

Listed:
  • Erica L. Groshen

    (Cornell University ILR School)

  • Harry J. Holzer

    (Georgetown University)

Abstract
We describe trends in wages and labor force participation for the “working class”—whom we define as workers with high school or less education—compared to those with college or more. We compare cyclical peaks over the entire period 1979–2019, with particular focus on the Great Recession (2007–2010) and recovery (2010–2019). We also present results by gender and race. We find real wage growth in the latter period for all workers, but not enough to change the long-term trends of growing inequality and stagnant wages for the less-educated; and we also find that labor force participation continued to decline for the less-educated, even during the recovery. Gaps between whites and blacks also grew, while Hispanics and Asians made more progress. We consider various explanations of these findings and show that the early effects of the 2020-2021 pandemic recession hurt less-educated workers and those of color more than anyone else.

Suggested Citation

  • Erica L. Groshen & Harry J. Holzer, 2021. "Labor Market Trends and Outcomes: What Has Changed since the Great Recession?," Upjohn Working Papers 21-342, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:upj:weupjo:21-342
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    Cited by:

    1. Hamis Miraji ALLY SIMBA & Hakan GUNES, 2023. "Causal Relationship Between Female Labor Force Participation Rate and Total Fertility Rate: An Empirical Evidence from Mena Countries," Journal of Economic Policy Researches, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 303-316, January.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Wages; participation; working class; Great Recession;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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