[go: up one dir, main page]
IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/urbstu/v41y2004i3p579-603.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Policies for Urban Form and their Impact on Travel: The Netherlands Experience

Author

Listed:
  • Tim Schwanen

    (Urban and Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands, T.Schwanen@geog.uu.nl)

  • Martin Dijst

    (Urban and Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands, M.Dijst@geog.uu.nl)

  • Frans M. Dieleman

    (Urban and Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU), Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands, F.Dieleman@geog.uu.nl)

Abstract
This paper documents an evaluation of the consequences of the Netherlands national physical planning policy for an individual's travel behaviour. Four components of this policy are considered: the concentrated decentralisation of the 1970s and 1980s; the strict compact-city policy of the 1980s and 1990s; the A-B-C location policy; and the spatial retailing policy. Using data from the 1998 Netherlands National Travel Survey, the article addresses the following questions. Did physical planning reduce the use of the private car and promote the use of public transport together with cycling and walking? Did physical planning lead to shorter travel distances and times? The analysis suggests that national spatial planning has been most effective in retaining high shares of cycling and walking in the large and medium-sized cities, in particular for shopping trips. In terms of travel time, however, spatial policy seems to have been less successful. The building of new towns and, more recently, the development of greenfield neighbourhoods close to cities do not appear to have reduced commuting times. Alternative strategies to promote the use of public transport, the bicycle and walking through the regulation of land use are discussed. Relaxing some of the present spatial planning controls is suggested to reduce car use and travel times.

Suggested Citation

  • Tim Schwanen & Martin Dijst & Frans M. Dieleman, 2004. "Policies for Urban Form and their Impact on Travel: The Netherlands Experience," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 41(3), pages 579-603, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:41:y:2004:i:3:p:579-603
    DOI: 10.1080/0042098042000178690
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1080/0042098042000178690
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1080/0042098042000178690?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Piet H.L. Bovy & Ilan Salomon, 2002. "Congestion in Europe: Measurements, patterns and policies," Chapters, in: Eliahu Stern & IIan Salomon & Piet H.L. Bovy (ed.), Travel Behaviour, chapter 8, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Alex Anas & Richard Arnott & Kenneth A. Small, 1998. "Urban Spatial Structure," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 36(3), pages 1426-1464, September.
    3. Frans M. Dieleman & Christiaan Wallet, 2003. "Income differences between central cities and suburbs in Dutch urban regions," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 94(2), pages 265-275, May.
    4. David Levinson & Ajay Kumar, 1994. "The Rational Locator: Why Travel Times Have Remained Stable," Working Papers 199402, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    5. David M. Levinson & Ajay Kumar, 1997. "Density and the Journey to Work," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 147-172, March.
    6. Tim Schwanen & Martin Dijst & Frans M Dieleman, 2002. "A Microlevel Analysis of Residential Context and Travel Time," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 34(8), pages 1487-1507, August.
    7. Tim Schwanen & Martin Dijst & Frans M. Dieleman, 2001. "Leisure trips of senior citizens: determinants of modal choice," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 92(3), pages 347-360, August.
    8. David Evers, 2002. "The Rise (and fall?) of National Retail Planning," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 93(1), pages 107-113, February.
    9. Gerald Carlino & Satyajit Chatterjee, 2002. "Employment Deconcentration: A New Perspective on America’s Postwar Urban Evolution," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(3), pages 445-475, August.
    10. Kenworthy, Jeffrey R. & Laube, Felix B., 1999. "Patterns of automobile dependence in cities: an international overview of key physical and economic dimensions with some implications for urban policy," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 33(7-8), pages 691-723.
    11. Cervero, Robert, 1996. "Mixed land-uses and commuting: Evidence from the American Housing Survey," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 361-377, September.
    12. Susan Handy & Kelly Clifton, 2001. "Local shopping as a strategy for reducing automobile travel," Transportation, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 317-346, November.
    13. Tim Schwanen, 2002. "Urban form and commuting behaviour: a cross‐European perspective," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 93(3), pages 336-343, August.
    14. Gordon, Peter & Kumar, Ajay & Richardson, Harry W., 1989. "The influence of metropolitan spatial structure on commuting time," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 138-151, September.
    15. Camagni, Roberto & Gibelli, Maria Cristina & Rigamonti, Paolo, 2002. "Urban mobility and urban form: the social and environmental costs of different patterns of urban expansion," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 199-216, February.
    16. Lambert van der Laan, 1998. "Changing Urban Systems: An Empirical Analysis at Two Spatial Levels," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(3), pages 235-247.
    17. Maarten Van Ham & Pieter Hooimeijer & Clara H. Mulder, 2001. "Urban Form and Job Access: Disparate Realities in the Randstad," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 92(2), pages 231-246, May.
    18. Maarten Hajer & Wil Zonneveld, 2000. "Spatial Planning in the Network Society-Rethinking the Principles of Planning in the Netherlands," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 337-355, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Marcińczak, Szymon & Bartosiewicz, Bartosz, 2018. "Commuting patterns and urban form: Evidence from Poland," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 31-39.
    2. Mouratidis, Kostas & Ettema, Dick & Næss, Petter, 2019. "Urban form, travel behavior, and travel satisfaction," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 306-320.
    3. Holz-Rau, Christian & Scheiner, Joachim, 2019. "Land-use and transport planning – A field of complex cause-impact relationships. Thoughts on transport growth, greenhouse gas emissions and the built environment," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 127-137.
    4. Rubin, Ori & Mulder, Clara H. & Bertolini, Luca, 2014. "The determinants of mode choice for family visits – evidence from Dutch panel data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 137-147.
    5. Scheiner, Joachim, 2010. "Interrelations between travel mode choice and trip distance: trends in Germany 1976–2002," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 75-84.
    6. Bindong Sun & Tinglin Zhang & Zhou He & Rui Wang, 2017. "Urban Spatial Structure And Motorization In China," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(3), pages 470-486, June.
    7. Saim Muhammad & Henk F.L. Ottens & Tom De Jong, 2008. "Modelling The Impact Of Telecommuting On Future Urbanisation In The Netherlands," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 99(2), pages 160-177, April.
    8. Or Levkovich & Jan Rouwendal & Jos van Ommeren, 2020. "The impact of highways on population redistribution: the role of land development restrictions [Roads and innovation]," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 20(3), pages 783-808.
    9. de Bok, Michael & van Oort, Frank, 2011. "Agglomeration economies, accessibility, and the spatial choice behavior of relocating firms," The Journal of Transport and Land Use, Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, vol. 4(1), pages 5-24.
    10. De Vos, Jonas & Witlox, Frank, 2013. "Transportation policy as spatial planning tool; reducing urban sprawl by increasing travel costs and clustering infrastructure and public transportation," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 117-125.
    11. Vale, David S., 2013. "Does commuting time tolerance impede sustainable urban mobility? Analysing the impacts on commuting behaviour as a result of workplace relocation to a mixed-use centre in Lisbon," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 38-48.
    12. Geels, Frank W., 2012. "A socio-technical analysis of low-carbon transitions: introducing the multi-level perspective into transport studies," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 471-482.
    13. Mejia-Dorantes, Lucia & Paez, Antonio & Vassallo, Jose Manuel, 2012. "Transportation infrastructure impacts on firm location: the effect of a new metro line in the suburbs of Madrid," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 236-250.
    14. Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor & Nadia Jarani & Siti Fadhlina Muhammad Fisal, 2017. "Analysis Of Passengers’ Access And Egress Characteristics To The Train Station," Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 1(2), pages 1-4, November.
    15. Carse, Andrew & Goodman, Anna & Mackett, Roger L. & Panter, Jenna & Ogilvie, David, 2013. "The factors influencing car use in a cycle-friendly city: the case of Cambridge," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 67-74.
    16. Liu, Xi & Gong, Li & Gong, Yongxi & Liu, Yu, 2015. "Revealing travel patterns and city structure with taxi trip data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 78-90.
    17. Dong Lin & Andrew Allan & Jianqiang Cui, 2016. "Exploring Differences in Commuting Behaviour among Various Income Groups during Polycentric Urban Development in China: New Evidence and Its Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-17, November.
    18. Yang Zhou & Caiyun Qian & Han Xiao & Jiachen Xin & Zixiong Wei & Qing Feng, 2019. "Coupling Research on Land Use and Travel Behaviors Along the Tram Based on Accessibility Measurement—Taking Nanjing Chilin Tram Line 1 as an Example," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-33, April.
    19. Whitmarsh, Lorraine, 2012. "How useful is the Multi-Level Perspective for transport and sustainability research?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 483-487.
    20. Yuyao Ye & Changjian Wang & Yuling Zhang & Kangmin Wu & Qitao Wu & Yongxian Su, 2017. "Low-Carbon Transportation Oriented Urban Spatial Structure: Theory, Model and Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, December.
    21. Law, Teik Hua & Hamid, Hussain & Goh, Chia Ning, 2015. "The motorcycle to passenger car ownership ratio and economic growth: A cross-country analysis," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 122-128.
    22. Rubin, Ori, 2015. "Contact between parents and adult children: The role of time constraints, commuting and automobility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 76-84.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Paolo Veneri, 2010. "Urban Polycentricity and the Costs of Commuting: Evidence from Italian Metropolitan Areas," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(3), pages 403-429, September.
    2. Lara Engelfriet & Eric Koomen, 2018. "The impact of urban form on commuting in large Chinese cities," Transportation, Springer, vol. 45(5), pages 1269-1295, September.
    3. Schwanen, Tim & Dieleman, Frans M. & Dijst, Martin, 2002. "The impact of metropolitan structure on commute behavior in the Netherlands: a multilevel approach," ERSA conference papers ersa02p069, European Regional Science Association.
    4. Souche, Stéphanie, 2009. "Un exemple d’estimation de la demande de transport urbain," Revue d'économie régionale et urbaine, Editions NecPlus, vol. 2009(04), pages 759-779, December.
    5. Andrea CIRILLI & Paolo VENERI, 2010. "Spatial Structure and CO2 Emissions Due to Commuting: an Analysis on Italian Urban Areas," Working Papers 353, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali.
    6. Zhu, Pengyu & Zhao, Songnian & Jiang, Yanpeng, 2022. "Residential segregation, built environment and commuting outcomes: Experience from contemporary China," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 269-277.
    7. Jing Tao & Ying Wang & Rong Wang & Chuanmin Mi, 2019. "Do Compactness and Poly-Centricity Mitigate PM 10 Emissions? Evidence from Yangtze River Delta Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-18, October.
    8. Vincent-Geslin, Stephanie & Ravalet, Emmanuel, 2016. "Determinants of extreme commuting. Evidence from Brussels, Geneva and Lyon," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 240-247.
    9. Daniel A. Rodriguez & Felipe Targa & Semra A. Aytur, 2006. "Transport Implications of Urban Containment Policies: A Study of the Largest Twenty-five US Metropolitan Areas," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(10), pages 1879-1897, September.
    10. Li, Jingjing & Kim, Changjoo & Sang, Sunhee, 2018. "Exploring impacts of land use characteristics in residential neighborhood and activity space on non-work travel behaviors," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 141-147.
    11. Schwanen, Tim & Dijst, Martin, 2002. "Travel-time ratios for visits to the workplace: the relationship between commuting time and work duration," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 573-592, August.
    12. Robbert Zandvliet & Martin Dijst, 2006. "Short-term Dynamics in the Use of Places: A Space-Time Typology of Visitor Populations in the Netherlands," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(7), pages 1159-1176, June.
    13. Jianxi Feng & Martin Dijst & Jan Prillwitz & Bart Wissink, 2013. "Travel Time and Distance in International Perspective: A Comparison between Nanjing (China) and the Randstad (The Netherlands)," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(14), pages 2993-3010, November.
    14. Zhao, Pengjun & Lü, Bin & Roo, Gert de, 2011. "Impact of the jobs-housing balance on urban commuting in Beijing in the transformation era," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 59-69.
    15. Robbert Zandvliet & Martin Dijst, 2005. "Breaking Down the Daily Use of Places - A Space-Time Typology of Temporary Populations in the Netherlands," ERSA conference papers ersa05p203, European Regional Science Association.
    16. Tae‐Hyoung Tommy Gim, 2021. "Quantile regression on the nonlinear relationship between land use and trip time," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(4), pages 1055-1077, August.
    17. Natalia Presman & Arie Arnon, 2000. "Commuting Patterns in Israel," Regional and Urban Modeling 283600076, EcoMod.
    18. Cao, Xinyu, 2006. "The Causal Relationship between the Built Environment and Personal Travel Choice: Evidence from Northern California," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt07q5p340, University of California Transportation Center.
    19. Tae-Hyoung Gim, 2012. "A meta-analysis of the relationship between density and travel behavior," Transportation, Springer, vol. 39(3), pages 491-519, May.
    20. Pouyanne, Guillaume, 2010. "Urban form and daily mobility. Methodological aspects and empirical study in the case of Bordeaux," European Transport \ Trasporti Europei, ISTIEE, Institute for the Study of Transport within the European Economic Integration, issue 44, pages 76-95.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:41:y:2004:i:3:p:579-603. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.gla.ac.uk/departments/urbanstudiesjournal .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.