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Wall lizards display conspicuous signals to conspecifics and reduce detection by avian predators

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  • Kate L.A. Marshall
  • Martin Stevens
Abstract
Visual signals are often under conflicting selection to be hidden from predators while being conspicuous to mates and rivals. Here, we investigated whether 3 different island populations of Aegean wall lizards (Podarcis erhardii) with variable coloration among diverse island habitats exhibit simultaneous camouflage and sexual signals. We examined whether signals appear better tuned to conspecific vision as opposed to that of avian predators, and whether background-matching camouflage and sexual signals are partitioned to specific body regions. This could facilitate both covert sexual signaling and camouflage according to the viewing perspectives of predators and conspecifics. We found that lizards typically appeared twice as conspicuous to conspecifics than to avian predators against the same visual background, largely due to lizards’ enhanced sensitivity to ultraviolet, suggesting that P. erhardii signals are tuned to conspecific vision to reduce detection by predators. Males were more conspicuous than females to both predators and conspecifics. In 2 populations, male backs were relatively more camouflaged to predators compared to signaling flanks, whereas in females, exposed and concealed surfaces were camouflaged to predators and generally did not differ in background matching. These findings indicate that lizard coloration evolves under the competing demands of natural and sexual selection to promote signals that are visible to conspecifics while being less perceptible to avian predators. They also elucidate how interactions between natural and sexual selection influence signal detectability and partitioning to different body regions, highlighting the importance of considering receiver vision, viewing perspectives, and signaling environments in studies of signal evolution.

Suggested Citation

  • Kate L.A. Marshall & Martin Stevens, 2014. "Wall lizards display conspicuous signals to conspecifics and reduce detection by avian predators," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 25(6), pages 1325-1337.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:beheco:v:25:y:2014:i:6:p:1325-1337.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/beheco/aru126
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James P. Higham & Lauren J. N. Brent & Constance Dubuc & Amanda K. Accamando & Antje Engelhardt & Melissa S. Gerald & Michael Heistermann & Martin Stevens, 2010. "Color signal information content and the eye of the beholder: a case study in the rhesus macaque," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 21(4), pages 739-746.
    2. Carlos Alonso-Alvarez & Claire Doutrelant & Gabriele Sorci, 2004. "Ultraviolet reflectance affects male-male interactions in the blue tit (Parus caeruleus ultramarinus)," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 15(5), pages 805-809, September.
    3. Graeme D. Ruxton & Guy Beauchamp, 2008. "Time for some a priori thinking about post hoc testing," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 19(3), pages 690-693.
    4. Stacey L. Weiss, 2006. "Female-specific color is a signal of quality in the striped plateau lizard (Sceloporus virgatus)," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 17(5), pages 726-732, September.
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    1. Elizabeth G Postema & Mia K Lippey & Tiernan Armstrong-Ingram, 2023. "Color under pressure: how multiple factors shape defensive coloration," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 34(1), pages 1-13.
    2. Guillem Pérez i de Lanuza & Enrique Font, 2015. "Differences in conspicuousness between alternative color morphs in a polychromatic lizard," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 26(5), pages 1432-1446.

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