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Local Capitalisms, Local Citizenship and Translocality: Rescaling from Below in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

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  • ALAN SMART
  • GEORGE C.S. LIN
Abstract
Chinese economic reforms have profoundly changed the scale at which things get done. Much of the existing literature on scale has concentrated on the politics of rescaling from above. Less has been written about rescaling initiatives from below, the focus of this study. It distinguishes three important localisms. Local capitalisms treats capitalism as subordinate to local social and political processes that provide crucial conditions of existence. Local citizenship sees processes of entitlement and exclusion as accomplished locally rather than through national frameworks. Translocality describes the ways in which claims are made on the loyalties of those possessing capital but residing elsewhere and the promotion of the place through image‐building and physical/social infrastructural enhancements. These three distinct localisms overlap and interact in a variety of ways to shape a new social and spatial order in post‐reform China. A detailed study of the practices of localism in the Dongguan city‐region reveals the ways in which the emergence of capitalism has been dependent on pre‐existing social connections and based on villages and townships. The entitlements of citizenship are polarized between the local hukou population and the migrant workers irrespective of the national definition of social safety net and regardless of the physical presence of the individuals. Résumé En Chine, les réformes économiques ont profondément modifié l'échelon auquel les choses se font. Les publications traitant de cet aspect se consacrent en général aux politiques de redimensionnement venues des instances supérieures, et abordent plus rarement les initiatives venues d'en bas, objets de cette étude. Cette dernière distingue trois localismes importants: les capitalismes locaux, le capitalisme apparaissant subordonné aux processus sociaux et politiques locaux qui déterminent les conditions d'existence; la citoyenneté locale pour qui les processus d'habilitation et d'exclusion s'effectuent au plan local et non en fonction de cadres nationaux; la translocalité qui décrit comment est sollicitée la loyauté de ceux qui possèdent le capital mais résident ailleurs, et comment des projets de création d'image et d'infrastructure matérielle ou sociale dynamisent la promotion du lieu. Ces trois localismes se chevauchent et interagissent diversement, façonnant un nouvel ordre social et spatial dans la Chine de l'après‐réforme. Une étude détaillée du localisme pratiqué dans la ville de Dongguan fait apparaître les modalités d'un capitalisme émergent, dépendant des liens sociaux existants et basé sur des villages ou municipalités. L'accès à la citoyenneté définit un clivage entre la population locale ayant son hukou et les travailleurs migrants, indépendamment de la notion nationale de filet de protection sociale ou de la présence physique des individus.

Suggested Citation

  • Alan Smart & George C.S. Lin, 2007. "Local Capitalisms, Local Citizenship and Translocality: Rescaling from Below in the Pearl River Delta Region, China," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(2), pages 280-302, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:31:y:2007:i:2:p:280-302
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2007.00732.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Fulong Wu, 2016. "China's Emergent City-Region Governance: A New Form of State Spatial Selectivity through State-orchestrated Rescaling," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(6), pages 1134-1151, November.
    2. Mi Shih, 2010. "The Evolving Law of Disputed Relocation: Constructing Inner‐City Renewal Practices in Shanghai, 1990–2005," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(2), pages 350-364, June.
    3. Kevin Fox Gotham, 2014. "Racialization and Rescaling: Post-Katrina Rebuilding and the Louisiana Road Home Program," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(3), pages 773-790, May.
    4. Pan, Wenjian & Du, Juan, 2021. "Towards sustainable urban transition: A critical review of strategies and policies of urban village renewal in Shenzhen, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    5. Ditte Brøgger, 2019. "Unequal urban rights: Critical reflections on property and urban citizenship," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 56(14), pages 2977-2992, November.
    6. G. Balachandran, 2010. "History 2 or 2 B? Capital Narratives for Asia and Asian Narratives for Capital," China Report, , vol. 46(4), pages 455-477, November.
    7. Shen, Xiaoxiao & Tsai, Kellee S., 2016. "Institutional Adaptability in China: Local Developmental Models Under Changing Economic Conditions," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 107-127.
    8. Mingrui Shen & Jianfa Shen, 2018. "Governing the countryside through state-led programmes: A case study of Jiangning District in Nanjing, China," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(7), pages 1439-1459, May.
    9. Qiang Fu & Qiang Ren, 2010. "Educational Inequality under China's Rural–Urban Divide: The Hukou System and Return to Education," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 42(3), pages 592-610, March.
    10. Wisniewski, Radoslaw & Brzezicka, Justyna, 2020. "Translocality on the real estate market: A new extended approach," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    11. Xiangming Leng & Min Zhong & Junling Xu & Shenghua Xie, 2020. "Falling Into the Second-Generation Decline? Evidence From the Intergenerational Differences in Social Identity of Rural–Urban Migrants in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(3), pages 21582440209, July.
    12. Renhao Yang & Qingyuan Yang, 2020. "Restructuring the State: Policy Transition of Construction Land Supply in Urban and Rural China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, December.
    13. George C. S. Lin, 2007. "Reproducing Spaces of Chinese Urbanisation: New City-based and Land-centred Urban Transformation," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(9), pages 1827-1855, August.
    14. June Wang, 2021. "UNDERSTANDING SCALAR POLITICS THROUGH THE FRAMEWORK OF RELATIONAL ARCHIPELAGOS: The Case of Shenzhen Fair, China," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(4), pages 716-731, July.
    15. Edoardo Bruno, 2022. "Socio-Spatial ‘Tabula Rasa’ and Punctual Preservation: The Case Study of Measurable Compensation in Lijiao Village," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-27, July.

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