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The relationship between tax rates and tax revenues in eurozone member countries ‐ exploring the Laffer curve

Author

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  • Alexandra Ferreira‐Lopes
  • Luís Filipe Martins
  • Ruben Espanhol
Abstract
We estimate Laffer Curves for direct and indirect taxes for each Eurozone country, using panel data from 1995 to 2011, by means of Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) models. We choose the three taxes that contribute the most to the government tax revenue: the value added tax (VAT), the corporate income tax (CT), and the labour income tax (LT). From our estimated significant parameters, which have the expected signs according to the Laffer Curve theory, we obtained a maximum/optimal tax rate for VAT for Greece, Portugal, and Slovakia and for the majority of the Eurozone countries for direct taxes. We also take into consideration the business cycle. Many countries do not present differences in regime, and when they do, the optimal tax rate is higher during recessions. Finally, we compare the observed tax rates in 2012 to the estimated optimal tax rates, to assess if the 2012 policy was located at the prohibitive range of the Laffer Curve. Our results are important for the discussions about fiscal discipline and harmonization in the Eurozone, since they exhibit important disparities between countries and taxes. We can see that, especially for CT and LT, there is a strong divide between the values of the optimal maximum tax rates for Eastern European countries and Western European economies. Additionally, the economic and financial conditions of each country also influence the value for the tax rate.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandra Ferreira‐Lopes & Luís Filipe Martins & Ruben Espanhol, 2020. "The relationship between tax rates and tax revenues in eurozone member countries ‐ exploring the Laffer curve," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 72(2), pages 121-145, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:buecrs:v:72:y:2020:i:2:p:121-145
    DOI: 10.1111/boer.12211
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hüseyin ŞEN & Zeynep Burcu BULUT-ÇEVIK, 2021. "The Revenue-Maximizing Corporate Income Tax Rate for Turkey," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(1), pages 122-142, December.
    2. Tchai Tavor & Limor Dina Gonen & Uriel Spiegel, 2022. "The Double-Peaked Shape of the Laffer Curve in the Case of the Inverted S-Shaped Labor Supply Curve," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-19, March.
    3. repec:prg:jnlcfu:v:2021:y:2021:i:4:id:567 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Leoš Vítek & Markéta Arltová & Květa Kubátová, 2021. "Taxation in Developed Countries: Response to External Shocks in 2008-2009 and 2020 [Zdanění ve vyspělých zemích: reakce na vnější šoky 2008-2009 a 2020]," Český finanční a účetní časopis, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2021(4), pages 31-54.

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