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Access to and Demand for Online School Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan

Author

Listed:
  • Hideo Akabayashi

    (Faculty of Economics, Keio University)

  • Shimpei Taguchi

    (Graduate School of Economics, Keio University)

  • Mirka Zvedelikova

    (Graduate School of Economics, Keio University)

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced schools around the world to close, and Japanese schools were no exception. While many previous studies have identified an inequality in the access to online school education based on family background, few studies have simultaneously examined the access to online education both at school and outside school, and no study has examined parents' views about online school education, an important demand side factor. Using a panel dataset collected in May and December 2020, we examine the determinants of at-school and outside-school online experience. We observe that children in private schools and those from high-income households received more online education at school, and children from high-income households and those with a highly educated parent experienced more online education outside school. Further, we find that a greater increase of COVID-19 between May and December was associated with increased access to online education outside the school, especially for children in private schools and those with a highly educated parent, while we do not observe this trend in at-school online education. We also find that household income and parent's high educational level are also associated with higher demand for at-school online education, while mothers being employed in regular contracts and fathers in non-regular contracts decreased this demand in the short term.

Suggested Citation

  • Hideo Akabayashi & Shimpei Taguchi & Mirka Zvedelikova, 2021. "Access to and Demand for Online School Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan," Keio-IES Discussion Paper Series 2021-013, Institute for Economics Studies, Keio University.
    • Handle: RePEc:keo:dpaper:2021-013
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    File URL: https://ies.keio.ac.jp/upload/DP2021-013_EN.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    5. Hossain, Mobarak, 2021. "Unequal experience of COVID-induced remote schooling in four developing countries," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Sakaue, Katsuki & Wokadala, James & Ogawa, Keiichi, 2023. "Effect of parental engagement on children’s home-based continued learning during COVID-19–induced school closures: Evidence from Uganda," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    2. Hideo Akabayashi & Shimpei Taguchi & Mirka Zvedelikova, 2023. "School ICT Resources, Teachers, and Online Education: Evidence from School Closures in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic," ISER Discussion Paper 1207r, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University, revised Apr 2024.
    3. Lin Chen & Norzihani Saharuddin, 2024. "Exploring University Students' Self-Directed Learning in Online Learning," International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design (IJOPCD), IGI Global, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Naureen Durrani & Gulmira Qanay & Ghazala Mir & Janet Helmer & Filiz Polat & Nazerke Karimova & Assel Temirbekova, 2023. "Achieving SDG 4, Equitable Quality Education after COVID-19: Global Evidence and a Case Study of Kazakhstan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-23, October.
    5. repec:dpr:wpaper:1207 is not listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Online education; COVID-19; Family background; Parental work; Japan;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy
    • J81 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Working Conditions

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